“Cenjeleni ku Citutumushi ca BaFarise na BaSaduke”

LINTU Yesu Kristu alandile ayo mashiwi imyanda ya myaka ukucila 19 iyapitapo, alesoka abasambi bakwe ku fisambilisho ne fibelesho fya butotelo ifya kucena. (Mateo 16:6, 12) Ubulondoloshi bwalembwa pali Marko 8:15 bulalungatika abuti: “Cenjeleni ku citutumushi ca baFarise ne citutumushi ca kwa Herode.” Mulandu nshi Herode alumbwililwe? Pantu abaSaduke bamo bali filundwa fye bumba lya bupolitiki ilya kwa Herode.

Mulandu nshi ukusoka kwa musango yo ukwaibela kwalekabilwa? Bushe bonse babili abaFarise na baSaduke tabaali bakakaanya ba kulungatika aba kwa Yesu? (Mateo 16:21; Yohane 11:45-50) Ee, e fyo baali. Lelo, bamo aba bene pa numa baali no kupokelela ubuKristu kabili lyene ukwesha ukupampamika imfundo shabo mu cilonganino ca Bwina Kristu.—Imilimo 15:5.

Na kabili kwaliko ubusanso bwa kuti abasambi bene kuti pambi bapashanya isho ntungulushi sha butotelo apantu bakushiwe mu kuba no kusonga kwa shiko. Pa nshita shimo, ukukushiwa fye mu cikulilo ca musango yo kwashininkishe ukuba icipindami ku kwiluka kwabo ifisambilisho fya kwa Yesu.

Cinshi calengele ubuFarise no buSaduke ukuba ubwa busanso ifyo? Ukubebeta imibele ya butotelo mu kasuba ka kwa Yesu kwalatupeelako icitontonshi.

Amalekano ya Butotelo

Ukukuma ku bwikashi bwa ciYuda mu mwanda wa myaka uwa kubalilapo C.E., kalemba wa lyashi lya kale Max Radin alembele ukuti: “Bucaibela bwa filonganino fya ciYuda ukufuma kuli cimo ne cinankwe bwali bwa cine cine nga nshi, kabili bwalekomailwapo no kukomailwapo. . . . Ilingi line, lintu ukucindikisha itempele no musumba wa mushilo fyakomailwepo nga nshi, abaali mu bulashi bwacilamo pali iyo nshita mu calo ca fikolwe fyabo balesaalulwa nga nshi.”

Mwandi yali mibele yabipa lwa ku mupashi mu cine cine! Nga finshi fimo ifyalengele? Te baYuda bonse baikele mu Palestine. Ukusonga kwa lutambi lwa ciGreek, ulwakeenye bashimapepo ukuba intungulushi sha mu bwikashi, lwalyafwileko ku kucefyako umucinshi ku mitantikile ya kwa Yehova iya bushimapepo. (Ukufuma 28:29; 40:12-15) Kabili bambi na bo abalengele baali bantuuntu fye abasambilila e lyo na bakalemba.

AbaFarise

Ishina lya kuti abaFarise, nelyo Peru·shimʹ, mu kupalishako lyapilibwile “abapaatulwako.” AbaFarise baimwene abene nga bakonshi ba kwa Mose. Balipangile akabungwe kabo kene (iciHebere, chavu·rahʹ). Pa kusuminisha umo ukuba icilundwa, umo aali no kulaya pa ntanshi ya filundwa fitatu ukubaka mu kusakamanishisha ukusanguluka kwa bwina Lebi, ukusengauka ukubishanya mu kupalamisha na ba ʽam-ha·ʼaʹrets (amabumba ya bashasambilila), no kusonke ca pe kumi mu kufumaluka. Marko 2:16 alanda ulwa “bakalemba ba baFarise.” Bamo aba mu baFarise baali ni bakalemba baishibisha kabili bakasambilisha, ilintu bambi baali bantuuntu fye.—Mateo 23:1-7.

AbaFarise basumine muli Lesa uwaba konse konse. Bapelulwile ukuti apantu “Lesa aali mpanga yonse, kuti Apepwa mu kati ke Tempele na ku nse, kabili tali na kucindikwa ukupitila mu malambo epela. Muli fyo basumbwile isunagoge nge cifulo ca kupepelamo, ukusambilila, no kushinshimuna, kabili balilisansabike ukufika ku cifulo cakulisha kabili icacindama mu bumi bwa bantu icatendeke ukucimfyanya ne Tempele.”—Encyclopaedia Judaica.

AbaFarise tabatesekeshe itempele lya kwa Yehova. Ici kuti camonwa ku mashiwi ya kwa Yesu aya kuti: “Kalanda kuli imwe, mwe ntungulushi impofu, mwe batila, Uwalape tempele cili fye; lelo uwalapa golde we tempele, abo wa misha. Muli abatumpa kabili impofu! pantu icakulapo cinshi, golde nalimo itempele ilyashisha golde? Kabili mutila, Umuntu nga alape ciipailo, cili fye; lelo umuntu nga alape ca bupe icilipo abo wa misha. Muli mpofu! pantu icakulapo cinshi, ica bupe, nalimo iciipailo icashishe ca bupe? E ico uwalape ciipailo alapa cene na conse icilipo.”—Mateo 23:16-20.

Ni shani fintu abaFarise banyongenye ifyo ukupelulula kwabo? Cinshi cintu balesuulako? Mona cintu Yesu asosa mu kukonkapo. “Kabili uwalape tempele alapa lyene no waikalamo.” (Mateo 23:21) Ukukuma kuli ici cikomo, uwasoma E. P. Sanders alandilepo kuti: “Itempele lyali ilya mushilo te pa mulandu fye wa kuti Lesa wa mushilo alepepelwamo, lelo na kabili pa mulandu wa kuti e mo aali.” (Judaism: Practice and Belief, 63 BCE—66 CE) Nangu cibe fyo, ukubamo kwaibela ukwa kwa Yehova kwakwete fye ubupilibulo bunono kuli abo abatontonkenye ukuti aali mpanga yonse.

AbaFarise na kabili basumine mu kukumbinkanya kwa kulingila libela no kuisalila. Mu mashiwi yambi, “icili conse cileshibilwa libela, lelo ubuntungwa bwa kuisalila bwalipeelwa.” Nangu ni fyo basumine ukuti Adamu na Efa balilingilwe libela ukuti bakabembuke no kuti nelyo fye lintu waiceka umulaba unono pa munwe ninshi calilingilwe libela.

Yesu pambi akwete isho mfundo sha bufi mu muntontonkanya lintu alandile pa lwa kubongoloka kwa lupungu ulwaipeye abantu 18. Aipwishe ukuti: “Bushe muletila [ifinakabupalu] bali aba milandu abapulamo mu bantu bonse abaikala mu Yerusalemu?” (Luka 13:4) Nga fintu fye caba ku masanso ayengi, ici cali pa mulandu wa “nshita ne ca mankumanya,” te kulingila libela nga fintu abaFarise basambilishe. (Lukala Milandu 9:11) Ni shani fintu aba musango yo abaleitunga ukwishiba baali no kubomba na mafunde ya mu Malembo?

Baali Bakalondolola ba Butotelo mu Nshile Shipya

AbaFarise bapampamine pa kuti amafunde ya mu Malembo yali no kulondololwa fye na barabi aba nkulo imo na imo mu kumfwana ne mfundo shipya. Muli fyo, Encyclopaedia Judaica isoso kuti “tacabakosele ukwampanya ifisambilisho fya Torah ku mfundo shabo ishipya, nelyo ukusango kuti imfundo shabo shalitubulwilwe nelyo ukukumishiwako mu mashiwi ya muli Torah.”

Ukukuma ku Bushiku bwa Kukonsolwela ubwa pa mwaka, bakuushishe amaka ya kukonsolola imembu ukufumya pali shimapepo mukalamba ukutwala ku bushiku bwine ubo. (Ubwina Lebi 16:30, 33) Pa kusefya kwa Ca kucilila, bakomaile nga nshi pa kusungila amasambililo ya bulondoloshi bwalembwa ubwa Ukufuma ilyo balenwa waini no kulyo mukate uushatutumuka ukucila pa mwana wa mpaanga uwa pe pasaka.

Mu kupita kwa nshita, abaFarise baishilekwata amaka ayengi pe tempele. Lyene baimikeko icibelesho ca kwenda mu mulongo icabimbilemo ukuyatapa amenshi mu cishiba ca Siloamu no kwitulula yene mu kati ka Mutebeto wa Kulonganika, pamo pene no kupumaula kwa miti ya muwilo pa cipailo pa kusondwelela kwa mutebeto na mapepo ya cila bushiku aya lyonse ayashashimpilwe pe Funde.

“Icacilishepo ukucindama” cali “milondolwele ipya iya baFarise ukukuma kwi Sabata,” e fisosa The Jewish Encyclopedia. Umukashi aenekelwe ukusengela Isabata ukupitila mu kwasha inyali. Nga ca kuti camoneke ifyo imibombele imo kuti pambi yatungulula ku milimo ishili ya mwi funde, abaFarise balibindile yene. Bafikile fye na kukupangako amafunde pa fya myundapile kabili balikalipe pa kundapa kwa mu cipesha amano ukwa kwa Yesu pe Sabata. (Mateo 12:9-14; Yohane 5:1-16) Nangu cibe fyo, aba bakalondolola ba butotelo mu nshile shipya bakuulile fye ne fyaimikwa ifipya mu kwesha ukwimika ifya kupindilila, ku kucingilila amafunde ya mu Malembo.

Ukufubalisha

AbaFarise baitungile ukukwata ubulashi bwa kushinshibika nelyo ukufumyapo amafunde ya mu Malembo. Ukupelulula kwabo kubelebeshiwa mu cishinte cabo ica muli Talmud icitila: “Cawamapo ukufumyapo ifunde limo ukucila ukulabako Torah onse.” Ica kumwenako cali kufumyapo umwaka wa Ntandala pa mulandu wa kutiina ukulufya insambu sha kupinda ilyo cilya ciputulwa calepalamina, tapali uwali no kwashima umubusu.—Ubwina Lebi, icipandwa 25.

Ifya kumwenako fimbi fyaba kufubalishiwa kwa kulubulwisha umwanakashi uwatunganishiwa ukucita ubucende na mu mulandu wa bukomi bwapikana, ukushinshibika inshila ya kukonsolwela. (Impendwa 5:11-31; Amalango 21:1-9) Mu kupita kwa nshita abaFarise baali no kufubalisha fye ne cifwaikwa ca mu Malembo ica kuti umuntu apayanishishe abafyashi bakwe abali mu kukabila.—Ukufuma 20:12; Mateo 15:3-6.

Yesu asokele ukuti: “Cenjeleni ku citutumushi ca baFarise, e bumbimunda.” (Luka 12:1) UbuFarise, mu kuba ne mibele ya buko iishili ya teokrasi, mu cine cine bwali bumbimunda—icishili na kuletwa mu cilonganino ca Bwina Kristu nangu panono. Nangu ni fyo, ifitabo fya kuloshako ifya ciYuda filondolola abaFarise mu nshila yacilapo kuwama ukucila fintu filondolola abaSaduke. Natulanguluke nomba pali ili bumba lyakakatile ku fya cishawasha.

AbaSaduke

Ishina lya kuti abaSaduke napamo lyafumine kuli Sadoke, shimapepo mukalamba mu nshiku sha kwa Solomone. (1 Ishamfumu 2:35, NW, utulembo twa pe samba) AbaSaduke bapangile akabungwe kakakatile ku fya cishawasha akaleimininako amabuseko ye tempele na bushimapepo. Ukukanapala abaFarise, abatungile ukukwata ubulashi pa mulandu wa kusambilila fye na pa kuipeelesha ku butotelo, abaSaduke bashimpile ubulashi bwabo pa mutande wa kufyalwa ne cifulo. Bakeenye imilondolwele ya butotelo mu nshile shipya iya baFarise ukufika fye na ku bonaushi bwe tempele mu 70 C.E.

Ukulunda pa kukaana ukulingilwa libela, abaSaduke bakeene ukupokelela icisambilisho icili conse icishalumbwilwe mu kulungatika mu Pentateuch, nelyo cingati calilondolwelwe mu ncende shimbi mu Cebo ca kwa Lesa. Na kuba, “bamwene cene ngo bulumba ukupaasha” iyi milandu. (The Jewish Encyclopedia) Ici citwibukisha akashita lintu basonsombele Yesu ukukuma ku kubuuka.

Ukubomfya icilangililo ca kwa mukamfwilwa uwakwete abalume cinelubali, abaSaduke baipwishe ukuti: “Mu kubuuka kwa bafwa bushe akabo mukashi wa kwa ani mu ba cinelubali?” Impendwa ya balume ba ulya mwanakashi balelandapo tayacindeme nampo nga baali 14 nelyo 21. Yesu alondolwele ukuti: “Mu kubuuka kwa bafwa taboopa nangu kuupwa.”—Mateo 22:23-30.

Pa kuba uwaibukila ulwa kukaana kwa baSaduke ukwa bakalemba bapuutwamo pa mbali ya kwa Mose, Yesu ashininkishe icishinka Cakwe pa kwambula muli Pentateuch. Asosele ukuti: “No lwa bafwa, ukuti babuushiwa: bushe tamwabelenga mwi buuku lya kwa Mose, pa Cimpuusa, ifyo Lesa asosele kuli wene, ati, Ni ’ne Lesa wa kwa Abrahamu, kabili Lesa wa kwa Isaki, kabili Lesa wa kwa Yakobo? Wene te Lesa wa bafwa, lelo wa ba mweo.”—Marko 12:26, 27.

Bakapakasa ba kwa Yesu na Bakonshi Bakwe

AbaSaduke basumine mu kubomfya amabufumu yaleteka mu kubomba ne nko shimbi ukucila ukupembelela Mesia—katwishi nga balisumine na mu kwisa kwakwe. Mu kusuminishanya na Roma, bali no kwangalila itempele kabili tabafwaile Mesia uuli onse ukwisako, ukwisafulunganya ifintu. Pa kumona Yesu ngo wali no kubapoka icifulo cabo, bauminkene na baFarise ku kufwaya ukumwipaya.—Mateo 26:59-66; Yohane 11:45-50.

Pa kuba abalemenena ku mapolitiki, abaSaduke nga fintu cingenekelwa balengele bucishinka kuli Roma ukuba ica kukansaninapo kabili babilikishe abati: “Tatukwete mfumu, kano Kaisare.” (Yohane 19:6, 12-15) Pa numa ya mfwa ya kwa Yesu no kubuuka, cali baSaduke e bali pa ntanshi mu kwesha ukulesha ukwanana kwa buKristu. (Imilimo 4:1-23; 5:17-42; 9:14) Pa numa ya konaulwa kwe tempele mu 70 C.E., ili bumba lyalilobele.

Ukukabila kwa Kutwalilila Ukuba Abapempwila

Fintu ukusoka kwa kwa Yesu kwashininkisha ukuba ukwalinga! Ee, tukabila ukuba ‘abacenjela ku citutumushi ca baFarise na ’baSaduke.’ Ico fye umo engamona muli bene fisabo fyabipa monse mu buYuda na mu Kristendomu ilelo.

Mu kupusanako nga nshi, nangu cibe fyo, baeluda ba Bwina Kristu abafikapo mu filonganino fyacila 75,500 ifya Nte sha kwa Yehova ukushinguluke calo ‘balaimona abene, ne sambilisho lyabo.’ (1 Timote 4:16) Bapokelela Baibolo onse pamo nge yapuutwamo na Lesa. (2 Timote 3:16) Ukucila ukulondolola mu nshile shipya no kutwala pa ntanshi inshila shabo shine isha butotelo, babomba mu kwikatana pe samba lya butungulushi bwa kuteyanya kwashimpwa pali Baibolo uko kubomfya uno magazini pamo nge cibombelo ca kuko cikalamba ica kusambilisha.—Mateo 24:45-47.

Cinshi caba ica kufumamo? Amamilioni ya bantu ukushinguluke calo balesumbulwa lwa ku mupashi ilyo baumfwikisha Baibolo, ukubomfya yene mu bumi bwabo, no kuisambilisha kuli bambi. Pa kumona fintu ici cilepwilikishiwa, mulandu nshi ushingatandalila icilonganino ca Nte sha kwa Yehova ica mupepi nelyo ukulembela bakasabankanya ba uno magazini?

[Akabokoshi pe bula 26]

YESU ALEISHIBA ABO ALELANDAKO

YESU KRISTU asambilishe mu kumfwika, ukwishiba imfundo sha bakakutika bakwe. Ku ca kumwenako, alicitile co lintu alandile ku muFarise Nikodemo pa lwa mulandu wa “kufyalwa” libili. Nikodemo aipwishe ati: “Umuntu engafyalwa shani apo akota? Bushe engengila kabili mu nda muli nyina, no kufyalwa?” (Yohane 3:1-5) Mulandu nshi Nikodemo apelenganishiwe fyo, apantu abaFarise basumine ukuti ukufyalwa cipya cipya kwalekabilwa ku nsangu sha ciYuda, kabili insoselo ya cirabi yapashenye uwasanguka ku “kanya akacece”?

A Commentary on the New Testament From the Talmud and Hebraica, kuli John Lightfoot, ipeelako ukushilimuka kwakonkapo: “Imimwene yaseeka iya baYuda pa lwa kufikapo kwa mwina Israele . . . icili ili mu muntontonkanya wa uyu muFarise” uyo “ashingaputukako mu kwanguka ku mpatila yakwe iya pa kutendeka . . . iya kuti: ‘Apantu abena Israele . . . balikwate nsambu ya kusuminishiwa mu bufumu bwa kwa Mesia, bushe kanshi ku numbwilo yobe ulepilibula, ukuti cili icakabilwa ku uuli onse ukwingila mwi fumo lya kwa nyina umuku walenga bubili, pa kuti engaba umwina Israele umupya?’”—Linganyako Mateo 3:9.

Ilintu asumine mu kufyalwa kupya ku nsangu, Nikodemo amwene inshila ya musango yo iishingacitikako ku baYuda ba cifyalilwa—mu mashiwi yambi ukwingila cipya cipya mwi fumo.

Pa kashita na kambi, abengi baliipunwine lintu Yesu alandile ulwa ‘kulya umubili wakwe no kunwa umulopa wakwe.’ (Yohane 6:48-55) Nangu cibe fyo, Lightfoot alondolola ukuti “cali icaseeka mu masukulu ya baYuda ukubomfya inumbwilo ya ‘ukulya no kunwa’ mu mampalanya.” Na kabili alandile ukuti Talmud yalumbwile “ukulya Mesia.”

E fyo kanshi imimwene ya baFarise na baSaduke yaliingile sana mu mintontonkanya ya baYuda ba mu mwanda wa myaka uwa kubalilapo. Mu kulingisha, nangu cibe fyo, Yesu lyonse alishibe fintu abo alelandako baishibe no kubelesha kwabo. Uyu wali ni umo uwa milandu iingi iyamulengele ukuba Kasambilisha Mukalamba.