BIBLE MANUSCRIPTS
(See also Bible Authenticity; Bible Translations; Codex; Copyists; Dead Sea Scrolls; Palimpsests)
(Note centered headings below: Christian Greek Scriptures; Hebrew Scriptures; Hebrew Scriptures With Christian Greek Scriptures)
accuracy: ijwbq article 129; w23.01 3-4; w23.02 2-3; it-1 313, 321-323, 443, 1081-1082, 1206; it-2 313-314, 317-318, 878-879; wp17.6 14; nwt 1726-1727; w09 11/1 13-14; w07 3/15 19-20; g 11/07 12-13; w98 4/1 11-12; w97 10/1 12; w97 10/15 11; ba 7-9; w95 5/15 27-28; w95 9/15 26-29; w90 7/15 29; si 319-320; w89 2/1 27-30; gm 17-22; pe 52-53; rs 63-64; w88 11/15 30-31; w86 7/1 29; Lmn 7
comments by Barbara Aland: g98 4/22 28
comments by F. F. Bruce: ijwbq article 129; nwt 1727, 1729; w97 10/15 11
comments by F. J. A. Hort: si 319
comments by Julio Trebolle Barrera: w01 2/15 6
comments by Kurt Aland: it-2 314
comments by Sir Frederic Kenyon: ijwbq article 129; it-1 323; it-2 318, 879; wp16.4 7; g 11/07 13; si 319-320; w89 2/1 30; gm 17, 22; pe 53; g88 7/22 23; w86 7/1 29
comments by Westcott and Hort: it-2 879
comments by W. H. Green: ijwbq article 129; it-2 318; wp16.4 7; nwt 1727; g 11/07 13; w90 7/15 29
contrast to classical works: it-1 443; it-2 317-318; w09 11/1 14; g96 2/8 9; gm 19; w88 11/15 30
discussion for Muslims: gu 30-31
possible copyist’s error (2Ch 3:4): w24.10 31
Aquila’s Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures: it-2 1152
Tetragrammaton: it-1 1072; it-2 9; g88 7/22 22
burial: w90 7/15 28
Cairo Genizah: it-2 314; w90 7/15 28; si 306; g88 7/22 21-22
charts:
classical and Christian scrolls, codices: it-1 354
early catalogs: si 303
leading papyrus manuscripts: si 313
leading vellum and leather manuscripts: si 314
Chester Beatty Library (Ireland): wp16.4 7; w04 9/15 29-31; w89 2/1 27-30
video They Valued the Bible: mrt article 2
Christian Scriptures: it-2 315-317, 1152-1154; si 316-317
accuracy: w23.01 3-4; it-1 443; it-2 314, 878-879; gu 30; g98 4/22 28; gm 21-22
contrast with classical works: it-1 443
copies extant: ijwbq article 129; it-1 443; it-2 315; w97 10/1 12; si 316; rs 64; w88 11/15 30
copyists: it-2 878-879
divine name: w08 8/1 19-20, 22
early: w88 11/15 30-31
master texts: it-2 313-314; nwt 1729
oldest: ijwbq article 12; w15 4/1 10-11; w88 11/15 30-31; g88 7/22 22-23
variations: it-2 314; si 319-320
collations:
de Rossi: si 312
Kennicott: si 312
Kittel: si 312
confirm integrity of Bible text: wp16.4 6-7; rs 63-64
copying: w98 4/1 12; ba 7; w90 7/15 29; si 305-306, 310-311; w89 2/1 28-29; gm 17-18, 20
dating: w09 10/1 20; g 2/08 19-22; ba 8; w88 11/15 31; g88 7/22 19, 23
discovery of ancient Psalter in Ireland bog (2006): g 11/07 30
discrepancies: w24.10 31; w89 2/1 28-29; gm 20-21
discussion: it-2 312-318; si 310-314
divine name: it-1 324; si 310-311
Dead Sea Scrolls: it-2 7; nwt 1732; w91 4/15 11-13
Fouad papyri: mrt article 6; it-1 326; it-2 5-6, 315, 1152; nwt 1738; w08 8/1 18; si 307, 310
Greek translations of the Hebrew Scriptures: it-1 1072; it-2 9; w91 3/1 29; g88 7/22 22
Habakkuk Commentary: w87 5/15 24
Hebrew vowel points: it-2 6-7
Hexapla (Origen): it-2 9; w01 7/15 31; si 310
Jerome’s comments: it-2 9
Nash Papyrus: nwt 1738; w08 8/1 18
Origen’s comments: it-2 9; si 310
Oxyrhynchus Papyrus of Genesis: it-2 1215
Septuagint: mrt article 6; it-1 324, 326; it-2 5-7, 9-10, 315, 1215; wp17.6 13; nwt 1736-1738; w10 7/1 6; w09 4/1 30; w08 8/1 18; bi12 1642-1643; w02 6/1 30; w02 9/15 28-29; sh 259; si 307, 310; w88 8/1 30
Sopherim alter: si 311
who removed: it-2 9-10, 877
Egypt: it-1 150; w92 2/15 26-28
families (recensions): it-2 313-314; si 319
Neutrals: it-2 879
Western: it-2 879
Firkovich, Abraham:
manuscripts provided to Russia’s Imperial Library: w05 7/15 11-13
first century:
personal ownership: w11 6/15 18; w07 12/1 32
Freer, Charles L.:
manuscripts purchased in Egypt, 1906: w90 5/1 14
Georgian language: w13 6/1 9-10
Gospels:
early Syriac translation: g88 5/8 27
Gothic:
Ulfilas’ translation: w94 5/15 8-9
Hebrew Scriptures: it-2 314-315, 1151-1154; si 305-307, 310-312
accuracy: nwt 1726-1727; hl section 4; w90 7/15 29; gm 17-21
consonantal text: si 311
copies extant: it-1 1082; it-2 314; si 306; pe 52-53; rs 64
master texts: it-2 313; nwt 1729
Hexapla (Origen): it-2 9, 1152; w01 7/15 30
leather: it-2 312, 577; w90 7/15 27
Masoretes: it-2 313-314, 877; w98 4/1 12; ba 7; w95 9/15 26-29; si 310-311; gm 18, 20-21
Masoretic text: it-2 314; wp16.4 6-7; nwt 1726; g 11/07 12-13; w95 5/15 26-28; si 311; gm 20-21
meaning of term: it-2 312
minuscules (cursives): it-2 313; si 310, 317; g88 7/22 19
modern: g00 11/8 28-29
Moses’ writings: w90 7/15 28
Mt. Athos, Greece: w99 12/1 31
National Library of Russia (St. Petersburg): w05 7/15 10-13
number of manuscripts: it-1 321; gu 30; w97 10/1 12; w97 10/15 11; w90 7/15 29; rs 64; w88 11/15 30; Lmn 7
Christian Scriptures: ijwbq article 129; it-1 443; it-2 315; w97 10/1 12; si 316; w88 11/15 30
contrast to classical works: g96 2/8 9
contrast to other ancient writings: wp16.4 4; w09 11/1 13-14
Hebrew Scriptures: it-1 1082; it-2 314; si 306; pe 52-53; rs 64
numerals: it-2 510-511
oldest: w07 3/15 18
oldest dated manuscripts: it-2 1153
oldest of Gospels: w98 12/15 29; w96 2/15 32
Old Latin versions (Vetus Latina): it-2 1153; w09 4/1 20
originals gone: w90 7/15 27-28; g88 7/22 22
why: it-2 879; w98 4/1 11-12; ba 7
why not needed: w90 7/15 29
palimpsests: it-1 355; it-2 312; w09 9/1 16; g88 7/22 22
computer enhancement of erased image: g88 5/8 27
papyrus: it-2 312, 574; w90 7/15 27; si 317; w88 11/15 31; g88 7/22 20-23
chart of leading manuscripts: si 313
parchment: it-1 353; it-2 312, 578; w88 11/15 31
Peshitta: it-2 1153
photo: w14 9/1 13
scroll: it-1 353-354; wp16.1 10
Septuagint: it-2 315, 1152; w02 9/15 28-29; si 307, 310
Sopherim: it-2 313, 877; si 310; gm 18
emendations by: it-1 1081-1082; it-2 877
survival: wp16.4 4
Symmachus’ Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures: it-2 1152
Tetragrammaton: jl lesson 4
tampering with: it-1 324
Theodotion: it-2 1152
uncials: it-2 312-313; si 310, 317; g88 7/22 19
vellum: it-2 312, 316, 578; si 310, 317; w88 11/15 31; g88 7/22 19
chart of leading manuscripts: si 314
Visigothic slates: w14 3/1 12-13
Christian Greek Scriptures
Bezae codices:
Codex Bezae: it-2 316; w90 2/15 24; si 314
Codex Claromontanus: it-2 316; si 314
Bodmer papyri: it-2 316; si 317
Papyrus Bodmer 2: it-2 316; si 313
Papyrus Bodmer 7, 8: si 313
Papyrus Bodmer 14, 15: it-2 316; w10 3/1 10; si 313
Chester Beatty papyri: it-2 315, 878-879; w04 9/15 30-31; si 206, 317; w89 2/1 27-28; g88 7/22 21
Ephraem quoting Diatessaron: w04 9/15 30-31
Papyrus Chester Beatty 1 (P45): it-1 44; it-2 315-316; w04 9/15 31; si 313
Papyrus Chester Beatty 2 (P46): it-1 409, 490, 881; it-2 316; w04 9/15 30; si 206, 220-221, 229, 232, 243-244, 313
Papyrus Chester Beatty 2 (P46), showing 2Co 4:13–5:4: nwt 1730
Papyrus Chester Beatty 3 (P47): it-2 316; si 313
Codex Argenteus (Gothic): w94 5/15 9
Codex Washingtonianus I (Washington Codex of the Gospels): it-2 316; w11 3/1 2-3; w90 5/1 14-15
Codex Washingtonianus II: it-2 316
Curetonian Syriac Gospels: w14 9/1 14-15
John Rylands Library:
Papyrus Rylands Greek 457: ijwbq article 12; it-1 323; it-2 316, 878; w15 4/1 10-11; w10 3/1 9; g 2/08 22; si 194, 313, 316-317; w88 11/15 30-31; g88 7/22 22-23
Titus (portion): si 240
Magdalen College (Oxford, England):
Matthew fragments (P64): w98 12/15 29; w96 2/15 32
Oxyrhynchus papyri: w92 2/15 27-28; si 313
Papyrus Aegyptus 8683: it-1 44
Papyrus Michigan 1570: si 313
Papyrus Michigan 1571: it-1 44; si 200
Sinaitic Syriac Gospels: w14 9/1 14-15
Hebrew Scriptures
Aleppo (Sephardic) Codex: it-2 315; w95 9/15 28; w92 10/15 28-29; si 314
divine name (De 32:3, 6): it-1 324
middle letter of Psalms: it-1 322
photo (Isa 40): nwt 1728; w95 5/15 26
Ambrosian O 39 sup.:
divine name: g01 7/22 25
Chester Beatty papyri: w89 2/1 29-30
Genesis: w04 9/15 30
Numbers and Deuteronomy: si 313
Ezekiel, Daniel, Esther: it-1 793; si 313
Codex Cairensis (Cairo [Karaite] Codex, Cairo Manuscript of the Prophets): it-2 315; w95 9/15 28; si 314
Codex Leningrad B 19A: w23.01 3; it-2 315; nwt 1726-1727; w05 7/15 12-13; w95 9/15 28; w92 10/15 29; si 314
Biblia Hebraica by Kittel: it-1 1082; nwt 1729
Biblia Hebraica Quinta: nwt 1729
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia: nwt 1729
divine name: it-2 7; w05 7/15 13
Codex Oriental 4445: it-2 315; si 314
Dead Sea Scrolls (Qumran): it-1 322; it-2 315; w01 2/15 3-7; w92 1/1 32; w91 4/15 10-13; si 118-119, 306, 311-312
Exodus: it-1 785
Psalms: it-2 710; w91 4/15 13; si 312, 314
Psalms (photo): it-2 7; nwt 1732; g99 3/8 26
Isaiah scroll, first: it-1 322, 353-354; it-2 315; g 2/08 20; w01 2/15 6; ct 109-110; ba 8; w91 4/15 10-11; si 118-119, 311-312, 314; gm 20-21; pe 52-53
Isaiah scroll, first, showing 12:4, 5: ip-1 170
Isaiah scroll, first, showing 37:24–40:2: it-1 1221-1222
Isaiah scroll, first, showing chapter 40: nwt 1728
Isaiah scroll, first, showing “X” at chapter 32: ip-1 329-331
Habakkuk Commentary: it-1 1013; w87 5/15 24
age: wi 6
consistency with later manuscripts: wp16.4 7; nwt 1726-1727; w01 2/15 6; gm 20-21
DNA analysis aids in matching fragments: g96 2/8 28
En-Gedi:
Leviticus portion: w19.06 31
Fouad papyri:
Papyrus Fouad 266: mrt article 6; it-1 326; it-2 5-6, 315, 1152; si 307, 310, 313
Papyrus Fouad 266 reproduction: it-1 324, 326; nwt 1738; w08 8/1 18
Masada:
Psalms portion: w90 10/15 5
Nash Papyrus: it-1 1082; it-2 314-315; w92 12/15 29; si 313
divine name: nwt 1738; w08 8/1 18
Oxyrhynchus papyri:
Septuagint Genesis: it-2 1215; w92 2/15 28
Septuagint Job with divine name: w02 6/1 30
Papyrus Rylands iii. 458: it-2 315, 1152; si 313
Petersburg (Leningrad) Codex of the Latter Prophets: it-1 239; it-2 315; w05 7/15 12; si 311, 314
“The Song of the Sea” (Ex 13:19–16:1): w08 11/15 32
Hebrew Scriptures With Christian Greek Scriptures
Codex Alexandrinus (Alexandrine Manuscript): it-2 317, 1152; g01 10/8 13; w00 2/15 28; si 310, 314; w88 12/15 6; g88 7/22 20-21
dating: g 2/08 21-22
divine name absent: it-1 324; nwt 1739; w08 8/1 19
reproduction from: it-2 336; nwt 1739; w08 8/1 19; g88 7/22 21
Codex Amiatinus: w01 5/1 29-30
Codex Ephraemi (Syri) rescriptus: it-1 355; it-2 317; w09 9/1 16-17; si 314
reproduction from: w09 9/1 16
Codex Grandior: w01 5/1 29-30
Codex Sinaiticus (Sinaitic Manuscript): it-2 317, 1152; g01 10/8 13; si 310, 314; g88 7/22 19-20
dating: g 2/08 22
locations: it-2 317; w05 7/15 13; g99 4/22 18; w88 10/15 31
photos: it-1 323; it-2 317; w09 9/1 17; g88 7/22 20
rediscovery by Tischendorf: it-1 323; g 2/08 19; w05 7/15 10-11; g99 4/22 18; w97 10/15 11; w88 10/15 30-31
value: w97 10/15 11; w88 10/15 30
Codex Vaticanus (Vatican Manuscript 1209): it-2 316-317, 1152; w10 3/1 10; w09 10/1 18-20; w09 12/15 3; g01 10/8 13; si 310, 314; w89 5/1 30-31; g88 7/22 19-20
dating: g 2/08 22