Essuula ey’Ekkumi n’Ennya

Bakabaka Ababiri Bakyuka

1, 2. (a) Kiki ekyaleetera Antiyokasi Ow’Okuna okugondera Rooma? (b) Busuuli yafuuka ddi essaza lya Rooma?

KABAKA Antiyokasi Ow’Okuna owa Busuuli azinda Misiri era ne yeewaŋŋamya ku nnamulondo yaayo. Rooma eweereza omubaka ayitibwa Kayasi Popirasi Linasi e Misiri oluvannyuma lw’okusabibwa Kabaka Ttolemi Ow’Omukaaga owa Misiri. Omubaka oyo agenda n’eggye ddene awamu n’ebiragiro okuva mu Lukiiko Olukulu olw’Abaruumi nti Antiyokasi Ow’Okuna ave ku nnamulondo ya Misiri era ne mu ggwanga eryo. Kabaka wa Busuuli n’omubaka wa Rooma basisinkana mu Erusisi, ekiri ku njegoyego za Alekizandiriya. Antiyokasi Ow’Okuna asaba bamuwe ekiseera asobole okwebuuza ku abo abamuwa amagezi, naye Linasi asaza olukoloboze ku ttaka okwetooloola kabaka oyo era n’amugamba amwanukule nga tannaseetula kigere okubuuka olukoloboze olwo. Ng’afeebezeddwa bw’atyo, Antiyokasi Ow’Okuna agondera ebiragiro by’Abaruumi era n’addayo e Busuuli mu 168 B.C.E. Mu ngeri eyo akakuubagano akaaliwo wakati wa kabaka Omusuuli ow’e bukiika kkono ne kabaka Omumisiri ow’e bukiika ddyo kaggwaawo.

² Ng’eyoleka obuyinza obw’amaanyi bw’erina mu Nsi z’Abawalabu, Rooma yeeyongera okuwa Busuuli ebiragiro. Bwe kityo, wadde nga waaliwo bakabaka abalala mu Busuuli ab’omu lunyiriri lwa Serewuko oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Antiyokasi Ow’Okuna mu 163 B.C.E., tebaali “kabaka ow’obukiika obwa kkono.” (Danyeri 11:15) Mu nkomerero Busuuli yafuuka essaza lya Rooma mu 64 B.C.E.

 3. Ddi Rooma lwe yawangula Misiri, era mu ngeri ki?

³ Abafuzi ab’omu lunyiriri lwa Ttolemi mu Misiri be baali “kabaka ow’obukiika obwa ddyo” okumala emyaka nga 130 oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Antiyokasi Ow’Okuna. (Danyeri 11:14) Mu 31 B.C.E., omufuzi Omuruumi ayitibwa Okitaviyani yawangula amagye amagatte aga Kkwini Kirewopatula Ow’Omusanvu, akomererayo mu lunyiriri lwa Ttolemi, awamu ne muganzi we Omuruumi ayitibwa Mark Antony mu lutalo olwali mu kitundu ekiyitibwa Akitiyamu. Kirewopatula bwe yetta omwaka ogwaddako, Misiri nayo yafuuka essaza lya Rooma n’eba nga tekyali kabaka ow’obukiika ddyo. Omwaka 30 B.C.E. we gwatuukira, Rooma yali efuga Busuuli ne Misiri. Kati twandisuubiddeyo obufuzi obulala okufuuka kabaka ow’obukiika kkono ne kabaka ow’obukiika ddyo?

KABAKA OMUPPYA ATUMA “OMUSOLOOZA”

 4. Lwaki twandisuubidde omufuzi omulala okufuuka kabaka ow’obukiika kkono?

⁴ Mu kasambula k’omwaka 33 C.E., Yesu Kristo yagamba abayigirizwa be: “Bwe muliraba eky’omuzizo ekizikiriza, Danyeri nnabbi kye yayogerako, nga kiyimiridde mu kifo ekitukuvu . . . kale abali mu Buyudaaya baddukiranga ku nsozi.” (Matayo 24:15, 16) Ng’ajuliza mu Danyeri 11:31, Yesu yalabula abayigirizwa be ku ‘ky’omuzizo ekizikiriza’ ekyali kijja mu biseera eby’omu maaso. Obunnabbi buno obukwata ku kabaka ow’ebukiika kkono bwaweebwa emyaka nga 195 oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Antiyokasi Ow’Okuna, kabaka wa Busuuli eyasembayo okubeera mu kifo ekyo. Mazima ddala, omufuzi omulala yali ajja kufuuka kabaka ow’obukiika kkono. Yandibadde ani?

 5. Ani eyayimirira nga kabaka w’obukiika kkono, n’atwala ekifo ekyalimu Antiyokasi Ow’Okuna?

⁵ Malayika wa Yakuwa Katonda yalagula: “Ne walyoka wayimirira mu kifo kye [ekya Antiyokasi Ow’Okuna] omu aliyisa omusolooza mu kitiibwa eky’obwakabaka: naye mu nnaku si nnyingi alizikirizibwa, si mu busungu, newakubadde mu ntalo.” (Danyeri 11:20) Oyo ‘eyayimirira’ mu ngeri eno yali empura wa Rooma eyasooka, Okitaviyani, eyamanyibwa nga Kayisaali Agusito.—Laba “Omu Yassibwamu Ekitiibwa, Omulala Yanyoomebwa,” ku lupapula 248.

 6. (a) “Omusolooza” yayisibwa atya mu ‘bwakabaka obw’ekitiibwa,’ era kino kyalina kigendererwa ki? (b) Lwaki kiyinza okugambibwa nti Agusito teyafiira ‘mu busungu oba mu ntalo’? (c) Nkyukakyuka ki eyajjawo ku bikwata ku kabaka ow’obukiika kkono?

⁶ “Obwakabaka obw’ekitiibwa” obwa Agusito bwazingiramu “ensi ey’ekitiibwa,” nga lye ssaza lya Rooma ery’e Buyudaaya. (Danyeri 11:16) Mu 2 B.C.E., Agusito yatuma “omusolooza” ng’alagira abantu okwewandiisa, oboolyawo asobole okumanya omuwendo gw’abantu bonna okusobola okugereka emisolo n’okumanya ab’okuyingiza mu magye. Olw’ekiragiro kino, Yusufu ne Malyamu, baagenda e Besirekemu okwewandiisa, era kino ne kiviirako Yesu okuzaalibwa mu kifo ekyo ekyalagulwako. (Mikka 5:2; Matayo 2:1-12) Mu Agusito 14 C.E.—“mu nnaku si nnyingi,” oba nga waakayitawo ebbanga ttono oluvannyuma lw’ekiragiro eky’okwewandiisa—Agusito yafiira ku myaka 76 egy’obukulu, si “mu busungu” obw’omutemu oba “mu ntalo,” naye olw’obulwadde. Mazima ddala kabaka ow’obukiika kkono yali akyuse! Kati kabaka ono yali afuuse Obwakabaka bw’Abaruumi obukulemberwa bempura.

‘ANYOOMEBWA AYIMIRIRA’

7, 8. (a) Ani yadda mu kifo kya Agusito nga kabaka ow’obukiika kkono? (b) Lwaki ‘ekitiibwa ky’obwakabaka’ kyamala gaweebwa oyo eyadda mu bigere bya Kayisaali Agusito?

⁷ Nga yeeyongera mu maaso okulangirira obunnabbi, malayika yagattako: “Ne mu kifo kye [ekya Agusito] muliyimirira omuntu anyoomebwa, gwe batawanga kitiibwa kya bwakabaka: naye alijja mu biro eby’emirembe, era aliweebwa obwakabaka olw’okwegonza. Era n’emikono gy’amataba baliggirwawo ddala mu maaso ge, era balimenyeka: weewaawo, era n’[O]mukulu w’endagaano.”—Danyeri 11:21, 22.

⁸ “Omuntu anyoomebwa” yali Tiberiyo Kayisaali, mutabani wa Liviya mukyala wa Agusito Ow’Okusatu. (Laba “Omu Yassibwamu Ekitiibwa, Omulala Yanyoomebwa,” ku lupapula 248.) Agusito yakyawa omwana we ono ataali wa musaayi olw’engeri ze embi era teyayagala afuuke Kayisaali. ‘Ekitiibwa ky’obwakabaka’ kyamala gamuweebwa olw’okuba abalala bonna abandibadde bakifuna baali bamaze okufa. Agusito yatandika okutwala Tiberiyo ng’omwana we yennyini mu mwaka 4 C.E. era n’amufuula omusika wa nnamulondo. Agusito bwe yafa, Tiberiyo oyo eyanyoomebwa, ng’alina emyaka 54 ‘yayimirira,’ n’afuuka empura wa Rooma era kabaka ow’ebukiika kkono.

 9. Tiberiyo ‘yaweebwa atya obwakabaka olw’okwegonza’?

⁹ Ekitabo The New Encyclopædia Britannica kigamba nti: “Tiberiyo yagaana Olukiiko Olukulu okumulangirira nga empura okutuusa nga wayiseewo omwezi nga gumu [oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Agusito].” Yagamba Olukiiko olwo nti tewaali muntu mulala yenna okuggyako Agusito eyali asobola okwetikka obuvunaanyizibwa obw’okufuga Obwakabaka bw’Abaruumi. Era yasaba ab’omu lukiiko olwo okuzzaawo enfuga etali ya bwakabaka, ng’abantu abawerako be babeera n’obuyinza so si omuntu omu yekka. Munnabyafaayo Will Durant yagamba nti “Olukiiko Olukulu terwayagala kugoberera ndowooza ye, kyokka lwefuula ng’olukkiriziganya naye okutuusa bwe yakkiriza obuyinza obwo.” Durant yagattako nti: “Enjuyi zombi zaalina ebiruubirirwa byazo. Tiberiyo yali ayagala kussaawo enfuga etali ya bwakabaka, oba si ekyo yandinoonyezza engeri y’okubwewalamu; Olukiiko Olukulu lwali lumutya era nga terumwagala, kyokka mu kiseera kye kimu terwayagala kuzzaawo nkola ya bufuzi ey’edda etaali ya bwa bwakabaka.” Bwe kityo Tiberiyo ‘n’aweebwa obwakabaka olw’okwegonza.’

10. ‘Emikono gy’amataba gyamenyebwa gitya’?

¹⁰ Ku bikwata ku ‘mikono egy’amataba’, nga gano ge magye g’obwakabaka obuliraanyeewo, malayika yagamba nti: ‘Galiggirwawo ddala era galimenyebwa.’ Tiberiyo bwe yafuuka kabaka w’obukiika kkono, kizibwe we ayitibwa Kayisaali Gemanikasi ye yali omuduumizi w’amagye g’Abaruumi ku mugga Rayini. Mu mwaka 15 C.E., Gemanikasi yaduumira amagye ge okutabaala Omugirimaani Aminiyasi, era n’afuna obuwanguzi obutonotono. Kyokka, alina bye yafiirwa bingi okusobola okufuna obuwanguzi obwo obutono, era oluvannyuma Tiberiyo yayimiriza eby’okutabaala Bugirimaani. Kyokka, yagezaako okulemesa ebika by’omu Bugirimaani okwegatta awamu ng’akubiriza olutalo olw’omunda mu ggwanga eryo. Okutwalira awamu, Tiberiyo yasemba enkola ey’okufaayo ennyo ku by’okwerinda kw’eggwanga lye, era n’anyweza ensalo zaalyo. Enkola eno yavaamu emiganyulo. Mu ngeri eno “emikono egy’amataba” gyaziyizibwa era ne ‘gimenyebwa.’

11. “Omukulu w’endagaano” yamenyebwa atya?

¹¹ Ekirala ‘ekyamenyebwa’ ye ‘Mukulu w’endagaano’ Yakuwa Katonda gye yakola ne Ibulayimu ey’okuwa amawanga gonna mu nsi omukisa. Yesu Kristo ye yali Ezzadde lya Ibulayimu eryasuubizibwa mu ndagaano eyo. (Olubereberye 22:18; Abaggalatiya 3:16) Nga Nisani 14, 33 C.E., Yesu yayimirira mu maaso ga Pontiyo Piraato mu lubiri lwa gavana oyo Omuruumi mu Yerusaalemi. Bakabona Abayudaaya baali bavunaana Yesu omusango gw’okusekeeterera gavumenti ya empura. Naye Yesu yagamba Piraato: “Obwakabaka bwange si bwa mu nsi muno. . . . Obwakabaka bwange si bwa wano.” Nga tebaagala gavana Omuruumi asumulule Yesu ataalina musango, Abayudaaya baayogerera waggulu nti: “Bw’onoomuta oyo nga toli mukwano gwa Kayisaali: buli muntu yenna eyeefuula kabaka awakanya Kayisaali.” Oluvannyuma lw’okuleekaana nti Yesu attibwe, baagamba: “Tetulina kabaka wabula Kayisaali.” Ng’asinziira ku tteeka erikwata ku “kusobya eri kabaka,” Tiberiyo lye yagaziya ne liba nga lizingiramu ekigambo kyonna ekibi ekyogeddwa ku Kayisaali, Piraato yawaayo Yesu ‘okumenyebwa,’ oba okukomererwa ku muti.—Yokaana 18:36; 19:12-16; Makko 15:14-20.

OMUFUZI OW’OBUMBULA ‘AKOLA ENKWE ZE’

12. (a) Baani abaalagaana ne Tiberiyo? (b) Tiberiyo yafuuka atya “ow’amaanyi, ng’alina abantu si bangi”?

¹² Ng’akyalagula ebikwata ku Tiberiyo, malayika yagamba: “Era nga bamaze okulagaana naye alikola eby’obukuusa: kubanga alirinnya, era alifuuka ow’amaanyi, ng’alina abantu si bangi.” (Danyeri 11:23) Abatuula ku Lukiiko Olukulu olw’Abaruumi baali ‘bamaze okulagaana’ ne Tiberiyo, era nga mu butongole be yali yeesigamyeko. Kyokka, yali mukuusa, n’afuuka “ow’amaanyi, ng’alina abantu si bangi.” Abantu abo abataali bangi be Bakuumi Abaruumi Abapretoriyani, abaali basiisidde okumpi ne bbugwe wa Rooma. Ekibinja ekyo kyatiisa nnyo Olukiiko Olukulu era kyatangira abantu okuwakanya obuyinza bwe. N’olwekyo, ng’akozesa abakuumi nga 10,000, Tiberiyo yasigala nga wa maanyi.

13. Mu ngeri ki Tiberiyo gye yasingamu bajjajja be?

¹³ Malayika yagattako ebigambo bino eby’obunnabbi: “Mu biro eby’emirembe alijjira n’ebifo ebisinga obugimu eby’omu ssaza: era alikola bajjajjaabe bye bataakolanga, newakubadde bajjajja ba bajjajjaabe: alibagabira [“alisaasaanya,” NW] omwandu n’omunyago n’obugagga: weewaawo, alisalira enkwe ze ebigo, okumala ekiseera.” (Danyeri 11:24) Tiberiyo yali yeekengera nnyo, era mu bufuzi bwe abantu bangi battibwa. Naddala olw’enkola ya Sejanasi, omuduumizi w’Abakuumi Abapretoriyani, ekitundu ekyasembayo mu bufuzi bwe kyali kya ntiisa. Mu nkomerero, ne Sejanasi kennyini baamwekengera era naye n’attibwa. Mu bufuzi bwe, Tiberiyo yasinga bajjajja be okuyisa obubi abantu.

14. (a) Tiberiyo yasaasaanya atya “omwandu n’omunyango n’obugagga” mu masaza gonna ag’Abaruumi? (b) We yafiira, Tiberiyo yali atwalibwa atya?

¹⁴ Kyokka, Tiberiyo yasaasaanya ‘omwandu, n’omunyago, n’obugagga’ mu masaza gonna ag’Abaruumi. We yafiira, amawanga gonna agaali wansi w’obufuzi bwe gaali bulungi mu by’enfuna. Emisolo tegyali mikakali, era Tiberiyo yayambanga abaali mu buzibu. Abaserikale oba abakungu bwe kaabatandanga ne banyingiriza omuntu yenna oba ne batakola ku nsonga ye mu ngeri ey’obwenkanya, nga bakimanya nti bajja kubonerezebwa kabaka. Okukkalira obulungi mu buyinza kyamusobozesa okuleetawo obutebenkevu, ate okulongoosa eby’empuliziganya kyayamba eby’obusuubuzi. Tiberiyo yakakasanga nti ensonga zikolwako mangu era mu bwenkanya munda ne wabweru wa Rooma. Amateeka n’ebiragiro ebikwata ku mbeera z’obulamu n’enneeyisa Agusito Kayisaali bye yateekawo byalongoosebwamu. Kyokka, Tiberiyo ‘yali wa nkwe,’ ne kiba nti munnabyafaayo Omuruumi Takitasi yamuyita munnanfuusi. We yafiira mu Maaki 37 C.E., Tiberiyo yali atwalibwa ng’omufuzi ow’obumbula.

15. Rooma yali mu mbeera ki mu mafundikira g’ekyasa ekisooka n’amatandika g’ekyasa eky’okubiri C.E.?

¹⁵ Mu abo abaddirira Tiberiyo nga kabaka ow’obukiika kkono mwalimu Kayisaali Gayo (Kaligula), Kulawudiyo I, Nero, Vesupasiyani, Tito, Domitiyani, Neruva, Turajani, ne Kaduliyani. Ekitabo The New Encyclopædia Britannica kigamba: “Abasinga obungi ku abo abaddirira Agusito baatwala mu maaso enkola ye ey’obukulembeze era n’enteekateeka ye ey’okuzimba.” Ekitabo kye kimu kigamba nti: “Mu mafundikira g’ekyasa ekisooka n’amatandika g’ekyasa eky’okubiri, Rooma yali etutumuse nnyo era ng’erimu abantu bangi nnyo.” Newakubadde Rooma yalina emitawaana ku nsalo zaayo mu kiseera ekyo, akakuubagano akaalagulwa okuba wakati wa Rooma ne kabaka ow’obukiika ddyo tekaaliwo okutuusa ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’okusatu C.E.

ALUMBA KABAKA OW’OBUKIIKA DDYO

16, 17. (a) Ani yafuuka kabaka w’obukiika kkono ayogerwako mu Danyeri 11:25? (b) Ani yafuuka kabaka w’obukiika ddyo, era kino kyabaawo mu ngeri ki?

¹⁶ Malayika wa Katonda yeeyongera okulagula, ng’agamba nti: “Era [kabaka ow’obukiika kkono alikozesa] obuyinza bwe n’obuzira bwe okulwanyisa kabaka w’obukiika obwa ddyo n’eggye eringi; ne kabaka w’obukiika obwa ddyo alirwana entalo n’eggye eringi ennyo, ery’amaanyi amangi: naye [kabaka ow’obukiika kkono] taliyimirira, kubanga balimusalira enkwe. Weewaawo, abaalya ku mmere ye be balimuzikiriza, n’eggye lye liryanjaala: era bangi abaligwa nga battibwa.”—Danyeri 11:25, 26.

¹⁷ Emyaka nga 300 oluvannyuma lwa Okitaviyani okufuula Misiri ettwale ly’Abaruumi, Empura Awuleriyani owa Rooma yafuuka kabaka ow’obukiika kkono. Mu kiseera ekyo, Kwiini Seputimiya Zenobiya ow’ettwale ly’Abaruumi ery’e Palumayira ye yali kabaka ow’obukiika ddyo.a (Laba “Zenobiya—Kkwini Omulwanyi ow’e Palumayira,” ku lupapula 252.) Eggye ly’Abapalumayira lyawamba Misiri mu 269 C.E. nga lyekwasa nti likikola ku lwa bulungi bwa Rooma. Zenobiya yayagala okufuula Palumayira ekibuga ekisingayo obukulu mu buvanjuba era yayagala okufuga amasaza ga Rooma gonna ag’omu buvanjuba. Nga mweraliikirivu olw’ebikolwa bya Zenobiya, Awuleriyani yalaga “obuyinza bwe n’obuzira bwe” n’atanula okulwanyisa Zenobiya.

18. Biki ebyaliwo mu kakuubagano wakati wa Empura Awureliyani, kabaka w’obukiika kkono, ne Kkwini Zenobiya, kabaka w’obukiika ddyo?

¹⁸ Obwakabaka bwa Zenobiya, kabaka ow’obukiika ddyo bwalwanyisa “eggye eringi ennyo, ery’amaanyi amangi “ eryali likulemberwa abagabe babiri, Zabudasi ne Zabbayi. Naye Awuleriyani yawamba Misiri era n’ayolekera Asiya Omutono ne Busuuli. Zenobiya yawangulwa mu Emesa (kati ekiyitibwa Homs), era n’akyusa obwanga okudda e Palumayira. Awuleriyani bwe yazingiza ekibuga ekyo, Zenobiya yeerwanako bwezizingirire, naye yawangulwa. Zenobiya ne mutabani we badduka nga boolekera Buperusi, naye Abaruumi ne babakwatira ku Mugga Fulaati. Abapalumayira baawanika, era ekibuga kyabwe kyawambibwa mu 272 C.E. Awuleriyani teyatta Zenobiya, era bwe yayisa ekivvulu eky’obuwanguzi mu Rooma mu 274 C.E., yamulaga abantu. Zenobiya yafumbirwa omukungu omu Omuruumi, bw’atyo n’amala ekitundu ekyasembayo mu bulamu bwe mu bufumbo.

19. Awuleriyani yagwa atya ‘olw’olukwe lwe baamusalira’?

¹⁹ Awureliyani ‘teyayimirira olw’olukwe lwe baamusalira.’ Mu 275 C.E., yagenda okutabaala Abaperusi. Bwe yali alindirira mu Tulasi okufuna akakisa ak’okusomoka okugenda mu Asiya Omutono, abo ‘abaalyanga ku mmere ye’ baamusalira olukwe ne ‘bamuzikiriza.’ Yali agenda kubonereza omuwandiisi we Erosi olw’ebikyamu bye yakola. Naye, Erosi, yagingaginga olukalala lw’amannya g’abakungu abaali ab’okuttibwa. Abakungu abo bwe baalaba olukalala luno, baakola olukwe okutemula Awureliyani era ne bamutta.

20. “Eggye” lya kabaka ow’obukiika kkono ‘lyayanjaala’ litya?

²⁰ Ekifo kya kabaka ow’obukiika kkono tekyavaawo olw’okuttibwa kwa Empura Awureliyani. Waaliwo abafuzi abalala Abaruumi abaddawo. Okumala ekiseera, waaliwo empura ow’ebugwanjuba n’ow’ebuvanjuba. Wansi w’abasajja abo “eggye” lya kabaka ow’obukiika kkono ‘lyayanjaala,’ oba ‘lyasaasaanyizibwa,”b era abantu bangi ‘battibwa’ ab’omu luse lw’Abagirimaani okuva mu mambuka. Abagoosi baawaguza ensalo y’Abaruumi mu kyasa eky’okuna C.E., era obulumbi buno bweyongera mu maaso. Mu 476 C.E., Omukulembeze Omugirimaani ayitibwa Odokeri yamaamulako empura eyasembayo okufuga mu Rooma. Ekyasa eky’omukaaga we kyatandikira, Obwakabaka bw’Abaruumi obw’ebugwanjuba bwali tebukyaliwo, era bakabaka Abagirimaani baali bafuga mu Bungereza, Gawulo, Itale, mu Afirika ow’Obukiika Kkono, ne Sipeyini. Kyokka, bwo obwakabaka obw’ebuvanjuba bwasigalawo okutuukira ddala mu kyasa ekya 15.

OBWAKABAKA OBUNENE BWABULUZIBWAMU

21, 22. Nkyukakyuka ki Konsitantiini ze yaleetawo mu kyasa eky’okuna C.E.?

²¹ Awatali kumenya kalonda yenna akwata ku kusasika kw’Obwakabaka bw’Abaruumi, obwamala ebyasa by’emyaka, malayika wa Yakuwa yeeyongera okwogera ku bulumbi obulala obwakolebwa kabaka ow’obukiika kkono ne kabaka ow’obukiika ddyo. Kyokka, okwetegereza ebimu ebyaliwo mu Bwakabaka bw’Abaruumi kijja kutuyamba okumanya bakabaka ababiri abavuganya abaddawo oluvannyuma.

²² Mu kyasa eky’okuna, Empura Konsitantiini Omuruumi yatongoza Obukristaayo obwa bakyewaggula. Ye kennyini yakubiriza olukiiko lw’ekkanisa lwe yatuuza e Nikeya, mu Asiya Omutono, mu 325 C.E. Oluvannyuma, Konsitantiini yakyusa olubiri lwe okuluggya e Rooma n’aluzza e Konsitantinopo, bw’atyo n’afuula ekibuga ekyo okuba ekibuga kye ekikulu. Obwakabaka bw’Abaruumi bweyongera okuba nga bufugibwa empura omu okutuuka ku kufa kwa Empura Teyodosiyasi I, nga Jjanwali 17, 395 C.E.

23. (a) Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Teyodosiyasi, Obwakabaka bw’Abaruumi bwayawulwamu butya? (b) Obwakabaka obw’Ebuvanjuba bwakoma ddi? (c) Misiri yali efugibwa ani mu 1517?

²³ Teyodosiyasi bwe yafa, batabani be baagabana Obwakabaka bwa Rooma. Konoliyasi yatwala ekitundu eky’ebugwanjuba, ate Akadiyaasi n’atwala ekitundu eky’ebuvanjuba, era Konsitantinopo ne kibeera ekibuga kye ekikulu. Bungereza, Gawulo, Itale, Sipeyini, ne Afirika ow’Obukiika Kkono ge gamu ku masaza agaali mu kitundu eky’ebugwanjuba. Ate Makedoni, Tulasi, Asiya Omutono, Busuuli, ne Misiri ge masaza agaali mu kitundu eky’ebuvanjuba. Mu 642 C.E., Alekizandiriya, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Misiri, kyawambibwa Abawalabu, era Misiri yafuuka essaza lya bakaliifa. Mu Jjanwali 1449, Konsitantiini ow’e 11 yafuuka empura eyasembayo ow’ekitundu eky’ebugwanjuba. Abatuluuki nga bakulemberwa Sulutani Mekumedi II baawamba Konsitantinopo nga Maayi 29, 1453. Bwe kityo ekitundu eky’Ebuvanjuba eky’Obwakabaka bw’Abaruumi kyaggwaawo. Mu mwaka 1517 Misiri yafuuka essaza lya Butuluuki. Kyokka, eggwanga lino erya kabaka w’obukiika ddyo ow’edda lyali ligenda kufugibwa obwakabaka obulala obw’omu bugwanjuba.

24, 25. (a) Okusinziira ku bannabyafaayo abamu, entandikwa y’Obwakabaka bwa Rooma Obutukuvu yali etya? (b) Mu nkomerero kiki ekyatuuka ku kitiibwa eky’obwa “empura” bw’Obwakabaka bwa Rooma Obutukuvu?

²⁴ Mu kitundu eky’ebugwanjuba eky’Obwakabaka bw’Abaruumi, bisopu Omukatuliki ow’omu Rooma, Ppaapa Lewo I, yayatiikirira nnyo olw’engeri gye yayolekamu obuyinza bwa ppaapa mu kyasa eky’okutaano C.E. Oluvannyuma, ppaapa yeewa obuyinza obw’okutikkiranga empura w’ebugwanjuba. Kino kyabaawo ku lunaku lwa Ssekukkulu mu 800 C.E., Ppaapa Lewo III bwe yatikkira Kabaka Charles (Kyalumani) Omufulanka mu Rooma, nga empura w’Obwakabaka bwa Rooma obuppya obw’Ebugwanjuba. Amatikkira gano gazza buto enfuga ya bempura mu Rooma, era okusinziira ku bannabyafaayo abamu, eno ye yali entandikwa y’Obwakabaka bwa Rooma Obutukuvu. Okuva ku olwo n’okweyongerayo, waaliwo Obwakabaka obw’Ebuvanjuba n’Obwakabaka bwa Rooma Obutukuvu ebugwanjuba. Bwombi bwali bwetwala okuba obw’Ekikristaayo.

²⁵ Ebiseera bwe byagenda biyitawo, abafuzi abadda mu bigere bya Kyalumani tebaali ba maanyi. Waayitawoko n’ekiseera nga tewali empura. Mu bbanga eryo, Kabaka Otto I owa Bugirimaani yali awambye ekitundu kinene mu bukiika kkono ne mu masekkati ga Itale. Yeerangirira okuba kabaka wa Itale. Nga Febwali 2, 962 C.E., Ppaapa Yokaana ow’e 12 yatikkira Otto I nga empura w’Obwakabaka bwa Rooma Obutukuvu. Ekibuga kyabwo ekikulu kyali mu Bugirimaani. Bempura awamu n’abatuuze baabwo abasinga obungi baali Bagirimaani. Nga wayiseewo ebyasa bitaano, ab’enju ya Kapusibaga mu Austria beetwalira ekitiibwa eky’obwa “empura” era ne babeera nakyo ekitundu ekisinga obunene eky’emyaka egyakomererayo mu Bwakabaka bwa Rooma Obutukuvu.

BAKABAKA ABABIRI BADDAMU OKWEYOLEKA OBULUNGI

26. (a) Kiki ekiyinza okwogerwa ku nkomerero y’Obwakabaka bwa Rooma Obutukuvu? (b) Ani yafuuka kabaka ow’ebukiika kkono?

²⁶ Napoliyani I yamala Obwakabaka bwa Rooma Obutukuvu amaanyi bwe yagaana okubukkiriza nti weebuli oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obuwanguzi mu Bugirimaani mu mwaka 1805. Ng’alemereddwa okulwanirira engule ye, Empura Francis II yalekulira nnamulondo ya Rooma nga Agusito 6, 1806, n’addayo mu ggwanga lye erya Austria era n’abeera empura waalyo. Bwe kityo Obwakabaka bwa Rooma Obutukuvu, obwatandikibwawo Lewo Ow’Okusatu, ppaapa Omukatuliki, ne Kyalumani, kabaka Omufulanka, bwaggwaawo oluvannyuma lw’okuwangaala emyaka 1,006. Mu 1870, Rooma yafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky’obwakabaka bwa Itale, obwawufu ku bwa Vatikaani. Omwaka ogwaddako, obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwatandikibwawo Wiriyemu I, eyayitibwa kaiser, ekitegeeza kayisaali. Mu ngeri eyo kabaka ow’ebukiika kkono ow’omulembe guno, Bugirimaani, yali agobye bumale.

27. (a) Misiri yafuuka etya ettwale lya Bungereza? (b) Ani yafuuka kabaka ow’ebukiika ddyo?

²⁷ Naye kabaka ow’obukiika ddyo ow’omu mulembe guno y’ani? Ebyafaayo biraga nti Bungereza yafuuka obwakabaka obw’amaanyi mu kyasa eky’e 17. Ng’ayagala okugootaanya eby’obusuubuzi bya Bungereza, Napoliyani I yawamba Misiri mu 1798. Olutalo lwabalukawo, era ekinywi kya Bungereza ne Butuluuki kyawaliriza Bufalansa okuva mu Misiri, eggwanga eryaliko kabaka w’obukiika ddyo ku ntandikwa y’akakuubagano. Mu kyasa ekyaddirira, Bungereza yeeyongera okuba n’obuyinza mu Misiri. Okuva mu 1882, Misiri yali mu nkwawa za Bungereza. Kyokka, Ssematalo I we yabalukirawo mu 1914, Misiri yali mu mikono gya Butuluuki era ng’efugibwa gavana. Naye, Butuluuki bwe yadda ku ludda lwa Bugirimaani mu lutalo olwo, Bungereza yamaamulako gavana oyo era n’erangirira Misiri okuba ettwale lyayo. Mpolampola, Bungereza ne Amereka zaakola omukago ne zifuuka Obufuzi Kirimaanyi obwa Bungereza ne Amereka. Zombi wamu, zaafuuka kabaka ow’obukiika ddyo.

[Obugambo obuli wansi]

BIKI BY’OTEGEDDE?

• Empura ki Omuruumi eyasooka okuyimirira nga kabaka ow’ebukiika kkono, era ddi lwe yatuma “omusolooza”?

• Ani yatwala ekifo kya kabaka ow’ebukiika kkono oluvannyuma lwa Agusito, era ‘Omukulu w’endagaano yamenyebwa atya’?

• Biki ebyava mu kakuubagano akaali wakati wa Awuleriyani eyali kabaka w’ebukiika kkono ne Zenobiya eyali kabaka w’ebukiika ddyo?

• Kiki ekyatuuka ku Bwakabaka bw’Abaruumi, era bufuzi ki obwatwala ekifo kya bakabaka abo ababiri ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 19?

[Akasanduuko/Ekifaananyi ekiri ku lupapula 248-251]

OMU YASSIBWAMU EKITIIBWA, OMULALA YANYOOMEBWA

OMU yafuula eggwanga eryali lifumbekeddemu obukuubagano okuba obwakabaka obw’ensi yonna. Omulala yayongera obugagga bw’obwakabaka obwo emirundi 20 mu myaka 23. Omu yassibwamu ekitiibwa bwe yafa, naye omulala yanyoomebwa. Obufuzi bwa bempura bano ababiri aba Rooma bwaliwo mu kiseera ky’obulamu bwa Yesu n’obuweereza bwe. Be baani abo? Era lwaki omu yassibwamu ekitiibwa, ate omulala n’atassibwamu kitiibwa?

‘YASANGA ROOMA TEKIRABIKA BULUNGI YAKIREKA KITEMAGANA’

Mu 44 B.C.E., Kayisaali Yuliyo bwe yatemulwa, muzzukulu wa mwannyina, Gayasi Okitaviyani, yalina emyaka 18 gyokka. Olw’okuba Kayisaali Yuliyo yali amutwala ng’omwana we ddala era nga ye musika we omukulu, omuvubuka Okitaviyani yagenda mangu ago e Rooma okulya obusika bwe. Yasangayo omulabe ow’amaanyi​​—⁠omukungu omukulu owa Kayisaali, Mark Antony, eyali asuubira okuba omusika omukulu. Akatuubagiro mu by’obufuzi akaaliwo kamala emyaka 13.

Okitaviyani yasobola okufuuka omufuzi omukakafu ow’Obwakabaka bw’Abaruumi luvannyuma lwa kuwangula amagye amagatte aga Kwiini Kirewopatula owa Misiri ne muganzi we Mark Antony (mu 31 B.C.E.). Omwaka ogwaddako Antony ne Kirewopatula betta, era Okitaviyani n’agatta Misiri ku ttwale lye. Mu ngeri eyo, akatundu akaali kasigaddewo ku Bwakabaka bwa Buyonaani kaggibwawo, era Rooma n’efuuka obufuzi kirimaanyi.

Ng’ajjukira nti enfuga ya Kayisaali Yuliyo ey’obwannaakyemalira ye yamuviirako okutemulwa, Okitaviyani yeegendereza nnyo obutakola nsobi y’emu. Obutanyiiza Baruumi abaali baagala enfuga etaali ya bwakabaka, obufuzi bwe obw’obwakabaka yabulabisa ng’obutaali bwa bwakabaka. Yagaana okuyitibwa “kabaka” ne “nnaakyemalira.” Ate era, yalangirira nga bwe yali ajja okuwa Olukiiko Olukulu olw’Abaruumi obuyinza ku masaza gonna era n’asuubiza okulekulira ebifo eby’obuvunaanyizibwa bye yalimu. Akakodyo kano kaakola. Olukiiko Olukulu, mu kusiima okungi, lwegayirira Okitaviyani asigaze ebifo bye era n’obuyinza ku masaza agamu.

Okugatta ku ebyo, nga Jjanwali 16, 27 B.C.E., Olukiiko Olukulu lwawa Okitaviyani ekitiibwa “Agusito,” ekitegeeza “Agulumiziddwa, Omutukuvu.” Okitaviyani teyakoma ku kukkiriza kitiibwa kino, naye era yakyusa n’erinnya ly’omwezi gumu n’agutuuma erinnya lye era n’atoola olunaku lumu okuva ku mwezi gwa Febwali omwezi gwa Agusito gusobole okuba n’ennaku ezenkana n’eza Jjulaayi, omwezi ogwabbulwa mu linnya lya Kayisaali Yuliyo. Bw’atyo Okitaviyani yafuuka empura eyasooka owa Rooma era oluvannyuma yamanyibwa nga Kayisaali Agusito oba “Ow’Ekitiibwa Ennyo.” Oluvannyuma era yafuna ekitiibwa “pontifex maximus” (kabona omukulu), era mu 2 B.C.E., omwaka Yesu gwe yazaalibwamu, Olukiiko Olukulu lwamuwa ekitiibwa Pater Patriae, “Kitaawe w’Ensi Ye.”

Mu mwaka gwe gumu ogwo, “etteeka ne liva eri Kayisaali A[g]usito ab’ensi zonna okuwandiikibwa. . . . Bonna ne bagenda okwewandii[s]a, buli muntu mu kibuga ky[e].” (Lukka 2:​1-3) Olw’etteeka lino, Yesu yazaalibwa mu Besirekemu nga kituukiriza obunnabbi bwa Baibuli.​​—⁠Danyeri 11:20; Mikka 5:⁠2.

Gavumenti ya Agusito yamanyibwa nga ey’obwesigwa era n’eby’enfuna byali birungi. Era Agusito yateekawo enkola ya poosita ennungi era n’azimba enguudo n’entindo. Amagye yagategeka buggya, n’assaawo eggye ery’oku nnyanja, era n’atandikawo n’ekibinja ky’abaserikale abakuuma kabaka ekiyitibwa Abakuumi Abapretoriyani. (Abafiripi 1:​13, NW) N’obuwagizi bwe, abawandiisi nga Vigiru ne Korasi baatutumuka era n’abo aboola ebifaananyi baakola ebintu ebifaanana obulungi ennyo. Agusito yamaliriza ebizimbe Kayisaali Yuliyo bye yaleka tamalirizza era yaddaabiriza yeekaalu nnyingi. Embeera Pax ­Romana (“Emirembe gy’Abaruumi”) gye yaleetawo yamala emyaka egisukka mu 200. Nga Agusito 19, 14 C.E., ng’alina emyaka 76, Agusito yafa era baatandika okumusinza nga katonda.

Agusito yeewaana nti ‘yasanga Rooma tekirabika bulungi naye yakireka kitemagana.’ Olw’obutaagala Rooma eddeyo mu mbeera ey’obukuubagano eyaliwo edda, yayagala okuteekateeka empura alimuddira mu bigere. Naye teyalina bantu bawerako b’ayinza kulondamu musika. Kizibwe we, bazzukulu be ababiri, mukoddomi we, ne mutabani atali wa musaayi bonna baali baafa dda, ng’asigazzaawo Tiberiyo yekka, mutabani we ataali wa musaayi, okumusikira.

‘OYO ANYOOMEBWA’

Waali tewannayita na mwezi oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Agusito, Olukiiko Olukulu olw’Abaruumi ne lufuula Tiberiyo ow’emyaka 54 okuba empura. Tiberiyo yafuga okutuuka mu Maaki 37 C.E. Bwe kityo, ye yali empura wa Rooma mu kiseera eky’obuweereza bwa Yesu.

Nga empura, Tiberiyo yalina engeri ennungi n’embi. Mu zimu ku ngeri ze ennungi mwe mwali obutayagala kwonoonera ssente ku bya kwejalabya. Ekyavaamu, obwakabaka bwakulaakulana era yalina n’ensimbi ez’okukozesa okweddaabulula mu biseera ebizibu oba eby’akatyabaga. Tiberiyo yeetwalanga okuba omuntu obuntu, n’agaana ebitiibwa bingi, era okusinza empura n’alagira bakwolekeze eri Agusito so si eri ye. Tewali mwezi gwe yatuuma linnya lye nga Agusito ne Kayisaali Yuliyo bwe baakola, wadde okukkiriza abalala okumugulumiza mu ngeri eyo.

Kyokka, engeri za Tiberiyo embi zaasinga engeri ze ennungi obungi. Yeekengeranga nnyo abalala era engeri gye yakolaganangamu n’abalala yalinga ya kinnanfuusi. Era mu bufuzi bwe yalagira okuttibwa kw’abantu bangi, nga bangi ku bo baali mikwano gye. Yagaziya etteeka erya lèse-majesté (okusobya ku kabaka) ne kiba nti okugatta ku bikolwa ebisekeeterera ab’obuyinza lizingiramu n’ebigambo obugambo ebya kalebule ebimwogeddwako. Kirowoozebwa nti okusinziira ku tteeka lino, Abayudaaya baawaliriza Gavana Omuruumi Pontiyo Piraato okuwaayo Yesu okuttibwa.​​—⁠Yokaana 19:​12-​16.

Tiberiyo yassa Abakuumi Abapretoriyani bangi okumpi ne Rooma bwe yazimba enkambi e bukiika kkono wa bbugwe w’ekibuga ekyo. Abakuumi abo baatiisa Olukiiko Olukulu olw’Abaruumi, olwali lutadde obufuzi bwe ku nninga, era ne batangira n’obugulumbo bw’abantu. Ate Tiberiyo yakubiriza enkola ey’okuloopagana, era ekitundu ekyasembayo mu bufuzi bwe kyali kya ntiisa.

We yafiira, Tiberiyo yali atwalibwa ng’omufuzi ow’obumbula. Bwe yafa, Abaruumi baajaguza era Olukiiko Olukulu lwagaana okumufuula katonda ow’okusinza. Olw’ensonga zino n’endala, tukiraba nga obunnabbi obugamba nti “anyoomebwa” yandiyimuseewo nga “kabaka w’obukiika obwa kkono” bwatuukirizibwa mu Tiberiyo.​​—⁠Danyeri 11:​15, 21.

BIKI BY’OTEGEDDE?

• Kiki ekiyinza okwogerwa ku ebyo ebyakolebwa gavumenti ya Agusito?

• Ngeri ki ennungi n’embi Tiberiyo ze yalina?

• Obunnabbi obukwata ku oyo “anyoomebwa” bwatuukirizibwa butya mu Tiberiyo?

[Ekifaananyi]

Tiberiyo

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ZENOBIYA​​—⁠KKWINI OMULWANYI OW’E PALUMAYIRA

“YALI wa katakketakke . . . Amannyo ge gaali meeru nga luulu, ate amaaso ge amanene amaduggavu gaali gatangalijja, era nga gasikiriza nnyo. Eddoboozi lye lyali lya maanyi era nga lisanyusa. Okutegeera kwe kweyongera olw’okuyiga. Yali amanyi Olulattini, Oluyonaani, Olusuuli, n’Olumisiri.” Ebyo munnabyafaayo Edward Gibbon bye yayogera ku Zenobiya​​—⁠kkwini omulwanyi ow’ekibuga Palumayira eky’e Busuuli.

Bba wa Zenobiya yali musajja wa kitiibwa ow’omu Palumayira ayitibwa Odenatasi, eyaweebwa ekifo eky’okubeera omubaka wa Rooma mu 258 C.E., olw’okuba yali akoleredde nnyo Obwakabaka bw’Abaruumi nga butabaala Buperusi. Nga wayiseewo emyaka ebiri, Empura Galiyenasi owa Rooma yawa Odenatasi ekitiibwa corrector totius Orientis (gavana w’Ebugwanjuba bwonna). Yakimuwa olw’okuwangula Kabaka Sapuru I owa Buperusi. Oluvannyuma Odenatasi yeewa ekitiibwa “kabaka wa bakabaka.” Kirabika ng’obuwanguzi buno Odenatasi bwe yatuukako okusingira ddala yabufuna olw’obuvumu n’obukujjukujju bwa Zenobiya.

ZENOBIYA ALUUBIRIRA OKUSSAAWO OBWAKABAKA

Mu 267 C.E., Odenatasi ne mutabani we eyandimusikidde baatemulwa. Zenobiya yatwala ekifo kya bba, olw’okuba mutabani we yali akyali muto nnyo. Olw’okuba yali alabika bulungi, ng’ayagala ettutumu, ng’amanyi okukulembera, ng’akoledde wamu n’omwami we ebbanga eriwera, era ng’amanyi ennimi eziwerako, abantu be yali afuga baamussaamu ekitiibwa era ne bamuwagira. Zenobiya yayagala nnyo okuyiga era yabeeranga nnyo n’abayivu. Omu ku abo abaamuwanga amagezi yali omufirosoofo era nnakinku mu kwogera n’okuwandiika ayitibwa Kasiyasi Longinasi, agambibwa okuba nti yali ‘amanyi ebintu nfaafa.’ Mu kitabo Palmyra and Its Empire​​—⁠­Zenobia’s Revolt Against Rome, omuwandiisi Richard ­Stoneman agamba: “Mu myaka etaano oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Odenatasi . . . , Zenobiya yatuuka okumanyibwa abantu be nga nnaabakyala w’Ebuvanjuba.”

Ku luuyi olumu olw’ettwale lya Zenobiya waaliyo Buperusi, ye ne bbaawe gye baali banafuyizza, ate ku luuyi olulala waaliyo Rooma eyali esereba. Ku bikwata ku mbeera ezaaliwo mu Bwakabaka bwa Rooma mu kiseera ekyo, munnabyafaayo J. M. Roberts agamba: “Ekyasa eky’okusatu kyali . . . kiseera kizibu nnyo eri Rooma ku nsalo ey’ebuvanjuba n’ey’ebugwanjuba, ng’ate mu Rooma mwennyini waali wabaluseewo olutalo olw’omunda n’obukuubagano. Bempura 22 (ng’oggyeko abaali beefuulafuula okuba bempura) be baddiriŋŋana ku bufuzi.” Ku luuyi olulala, nnabakyala w’e Busuuli yali mufuzi asimbye obulungi amakanda mu ttwale lye. “Ng’ali wakati w’obwakabaka bubiri [obwa Buperusi n’obw’Abaruumi],” bw’atyo ­Stoneman bw’agamba, “yandiruubiridde okuteekawo obw’okusatu obwandisinzizza obwo bwombi amaanyi.”

Akakisa ka Zenobiya okugaziya obwakabaka bwe kajja mu 269 C.E., omusajja eyali yeefuula okuba n’obwannannyini ku bufuzi bw’Abaruumi bwe yalabika mu Misiri. Mangu ddala eggye lya Zenobiya lyayolekera Misiri, ne lisaanyawo kyewaggula oyo, era ne liwamba ensi eyo. Nga yeerangiridde okuba kkwini wa Misiri, yakozesa ssente ez’ekyuma eziriko erinnya lye. Kati obwakabaka bwe bwali buva ku mugga Nile okutuuka ku mugga Fulaati. Mu kiseera ekyo Zenobiya n’aba nga ye yali “kabaka w’obukiika obwa ddyo.”​​—⁠Danyeri 11:⁠25, 26.

EKIBUGA KYA ZENOBIYA EKIKULU

Zenobiya yanyweza era n’ayooyoota ekibuga kye ekikulu, Palumayira, ne kituuka okuba ku mutindo gwe gumu n’ebibuga ebinene eby’Abaruumi. Kiteeberezebwa nti kyalimu abantu abasukka mu 150,000. Ebizimbe ebya lukale, yeekaalu, ennimiro z’ebimuli, empagi n’ebibumbe eby’ekijjukizo ebirabika obulungi byali bijjudde mu Palumayira, ekibuga ekyali kyetooloddwa bbugwe wa mayiro 13. Empagi ez’Abakkolinso ezisukka ffuuti 50 obuwanvu, eziwera nga 1,500, zaali ku mabbali g’oluguudo olukulu. Ebibumbe by’abazira ne bannagagga byali bingi mu kibuga. Mu 271 C.E., Zenobiya yassaawo ebibumbe bye n’ebya bbaawe omufu.

Yeekaalu y’Enjuba kye kimu ku bizimbe ebyali birabika obulungi ennyo mu Palumayira, era awatali kubuusabuusa yali nkulu nnyo mu by’eddiini mu kibuga ekyo. Zenobiya kennyini ayinza okuba yasinzanga lubaale akwataganyizibwa ne katonda njuba. Kyokka, ensi ya Busuuli ey’omu kyasa eky’okusatu yalimu eddiini nnyingi. Mu bwakabaka bwa Zenobiya mwalimu abeeyita Abakristaayo, Abayudaaya, era n’abasinza enjuba n’omwezi. Yatunuulira atya ensinza zino ez’enjawulo? Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo Stoneman agamba: “Omufuzi ow’amagezi tabuusa maaso bulombolombo obulabika nga bulungi mu maaso g’abantu be. . . . Kyalowoozebwa nti bakatonda . . . baali ku ludda lwa Palumayira.” Kirabika nga Zenobiya yagumiikiriza eddiini ez’enjawulo.

Olw’engeri ze ezisikiriza, Zenobiya yayagalibwa bangi. Ekikulu ennyo yakiikirira obufuzi obumu obwalagulwa mu bunnabbi bwa Danyeri. Kyokka, obufuzi bwe tebwasukka myaka etaano. Empura Awureliyani Omuruumi yawangula Zenobiya mu 272 C.E., era n’azikiriza Palumayira. Zenobiya yasaasirwa. Kigambibwa nti yafumbirwa omukungu ow’oku lukiiko olukulu olw’Abaruumi era n’awummulira ddala eby’obufuzi.

BIKI BY’OTEGEDDE?

• Engeri za Zenobiya zinnyonnyoddwa zitya?

• Ebimu ku byakolebwa Zenobiya bye biruwa?

• Zenobiya yatunuulira atya amadiini?

[Ekifaananyi]

Kkwiini Zenobiya ng’ayogera eri abaserikale be

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BAKABAKA B’OMU DANYERI 11:20-26

Danyeri 11:20 Agusito

Danyeri 11:21-24 Tiberiyo

Danyeri 11:25, 26 Awuleriyani Kkwini Zenobiya

[Ekifaananyi]

Tiberiyo

[Ekifaananyi]

Awuleriyani

[Ekifaananyi]

Ekibumbe kya Kyalumani

[Ekifaananyi]

Agusito

[Ekifaananyi]

Eryato eddwanyi ery’Abangereza mu kyasa eky’e 17

[Ekifaananyi ekiri ku lupapula 230]

[Ekifaananyi ekiri ku lupapula 233]

Agusito

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Tiberiyo

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Olw’ekiragiro kya Agusito, Yusufu ne Malyamu baagenda e Besirekemu

[Ekifaananyi ekiri ku lupapula 237]

Nga bwe kyalagulwa, Yesu ‘yamenyebwa’

[Ebifaananyi ebiri ku lupapula 245]

1. Kyalumani 2. Napoliyani I 3. Wiriyemu I 4. Abaserikale Abagirimaani mu Ssematalo I