Engeri Bayibuli Gye Yatutuukako

Ebigambo ebyo bituufu nnyo wadde nga mu kiseera kino tewakyaliwo muzingo na gumu ogw’Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya n’Olulamayikia oba ogw’Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Oluyonaani ku egyo egyasookera ddala. Kati olwo tuyinza tutya okukakasa nti ebyo ebiri mu Bayibuli leero bikyali nga bwe byali mu mizingo egy’Ebyawandiikibwa ebitukuvu egyasookera ddala?

Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya byasobola okukuumibwa kubanga Katonda yalagira bikoppololwe.b Ng’ekyokulabirako, Yakuwa yalagira bakabaka ba Isirayiri kinnoomu okukoppolola Amateeka. (Ekyamateeka 17:18) Okugatta ku ekyo, Katonda yalagira Abaleevi okukuuma ekitabo ky’Amateeka ga Musa era bayigirize abantu Amateeka. (Ekyamateeka 31:26; Nekkemiya 8:7) Oluvannyuma lw’Abayudaaya okuva mu buwambe e Babulooni, wajjawo ekibinja ky’abakoppolozi oba abawandiisi (Abasoferimu). (Ezera 7:6, obugambo obuli wansi) Abawandiisi abo baakola kopi nnyingi ez’ebitabo 39 eby’Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya.

Ebyasa bwe byagenda biyitawo, abawandiisi beeyongera okukoppolola ebitabo ebyo. Wakati w’omwaka 1000 E.E. ne 1400 E.E. abawandiisi Abayudaaya abayitibwa Abamasoleti nabo baakoppolola Ebyawandiikibwa. Ekiwandiiko ky’Abamasoleti ekisingayo obukadde kiyitibwa Leningrad Codex, era kyawandiikibwa mu 1008/1009 E.E. Kyokka awo nga mu makkati g’ekyasa 20, waliwo ebiwandiiko bya Bayibuli nga 220 ebyazuulibwa mu Mizingo gy’Ennyanja Enfu. Ebiwandiiko ebyo byali byawandiikibwa emyaka nga 1,000 nga Leningrad Codex tennawandiikibwa. Oluvannyuma lw’okugeraageranya Emizingo gy’Ennyanja Enfu ne Leningrad Codex kyakakasibwa nti: Wadde ng’ebigambo ebimu ebyakozesebwa mu Mizingo gy’Ennyanja Enfu byawukanamu ku ebyo ebyakozesebwa mu Leningrad Codex, amakulu gaasigala ge gamu.

Ate ebitabo 27 eby’Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Oluyonaani? Ebitabo ebyo byawandiikibwa abatume ba Yesu Kristo n’abamu ku bayigirizwa be abalala abaasooka. Okufaananako abawandiisi Abayudaaya, Abakristaayo abaasooka baakola kopi eziwerako ez’ebitabo ebyo. (Abakkolosaayi 4:16) Wadde nga empula wa Rooma ayitibwa Diocletian n’abalala baagezaako okusaanyaawo ebiwandiiko byonna eby’Abakristaayo abaasooka, waliwo ebiwandiiko bingi eby’edda bye bataasobola kusaanyaawo era ebikyaliwo n’okutuusa leero.

Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Oluyonaani byavvuunulwa ne mu nnimi endala. Ezimu ku nnimi Bayibuli mwe yasooka okuvvuunulwa mwalimu Olumeniya, Olukoputiki, Olwesiyopiya, Olujoogiya, Olulattini, n’Olusuuli.

Tekiri nti buli kiwandiiko kya Bayibuli eky’edda kifaanaganira ddala ne binnaakyo. Kati olwo tuyinza tutya okumanya ebyo ebyali mu byawandiikibwa ebyasookera ddala?

Ekyo kiyinza okugeraageranyizibwa ku musomesa alagira abayizi 100 okubaako essuula gye bakoppolola okuva mu kitabo ekimu. Wadde ng’ekitabo mwe baakoppa kiyinza okubula, kisoboka okumanyira ddala ebyo ebyali mu ssuula eyo oluvannyuma lw’okugeraageranya ebyo abayizi 100 bye baakoppa. Wadde nga buli muyizi ayinza okukolayo ensobi ng’akoppolola essuula eyo, kiba kizibu nnyo abayizi bonna okukola ensobi y’emu. Mu ngeri y’emu, abeekenneenya Bayibuli bwe bageraageranya ebiwandiiko bya Bayibuli eby’edda, basobola okumanya ensobi abakoppolozi ze baakola ekyo ne kibayamba okumanya ebyo ebyali mu biwandiiko bya Bayibuli ebyasooka.

Tuyinza tutya okuba abakakafu nti leero ebyo ebiri mu Bayibuli by’ebyo byennyini ebyali mu biwandiiko bya Bayibuli ebyasooka? Ng’ayogera ku Byawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya, omwekenneenya wa Bayibuli ayitibwa William H. Green yagamba nti: “Mu biwandiiko byonna eby’edda, tewali kiwandiiko na kimu kikuumiddwa bulungi era mu butuufu bwakyo nga Byawandiikibwa ebyo.” Ng’ayogera ku Byawandiikibwa eby’Oluyonaani, abamu bye bayita Endagaano Empya, omwekenneenya wa Bayibuli ayitibwa F. F. Bruce yagamba nti: “Waliwo obukakafu bwa maanyi obulaga nti ebyo ebiri mu Ndagaano Empya byesigika nnyo okusinga ebyo ebiri mu biwandiiko by’abantu abatwalibwa okuba abayivu, kyokka ng’ate ebiwandiiko ng’ebyo abantu bangi tebabiwakanya.” Era yagamba nti: “Singa ebyo ebiri mu Ndagaano Empya byali biwandiikiddwa abantu abatwalibwa okuba abayivu, tewandibaddewo muntu n’omu abiwakanya.

Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya: Abo abavvuunula Enkyusa ey’Ensi Empya ey’Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya ey’Olungereza (1953-​1960) beesigama ku Biblia Hebraica, eya Rudolf Kittel. Okuva olwo, wabaddewo okunoonyereza okulala okukoleddwa ku Byawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya nga kwesigamiziddwa ku Mizingo egy’Ennyanja Enfu n’ebiwandiiko ebirala eby’edda, ekyo ne kiyamba mu kufulumizibwa kw’enkyusa ya Bayibuli eyitibwa Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia ne Biblia Hebraica Quinta. Ebigambo ebiri mu nkyusa za Bayibuli ezo bifaanagana n’ebyo ebiri mu Leningrad Codex naye enkyusa za Bayibuli ezo zigattamu obugambo obwa wansi obulaga ebyo ebiri mu mizingo emirala, gamba nga Samaritan Pentateuch, Emizingo gy’Enyanja Enfu, Septuagint, Aramaic Targums, Latin Vulgate, ne Syriac Peshitta. Enkyusa ey’Ensi empya ey’Olungereza (2013) bwe yali evvuunulwa, abavvuunuzi baakozesa ne Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia ne Biblia Hebraica Quinta.

Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Oluyonaani: Ekyasa ekya 19 bwe kyali kinaatera okuggwaako, omwekenneenya wa Bayibuli ayitibwa B. F. Westcott ne F.J.A. Hort baageraageranya emizingo egy’Ebyawandiikibwa egyaliwo mu kiseera ekyo bwe baali bateekateeka ekiwandiiko ekikulu eky’Oluyonaani ekitwalibwa okuba nga kye kyoleka obulungi ebyo ebyali mu mizingo egyasookera ddala. Mu makkati g’ekyasa ekya 20, abo abavvuunula Enkyusa ey’Ensi Empya ey’Olungereza, beesigama ku kiwandiiko ekyo ekikulu eky’Oluyonaani. Ate era baakozesa n’ebiwandiiko ebirala ebisuubirwa okuba nga byawandiikibwa mu kyasa eky’okubiri n’eky’okusatu E.E. Okuva mu kiseera ekyo, wabaddewo ebiwandiiko ebirala eby’edda ebizuuliddwa. Ate era ebiwandiiko ebikulu, gamba ng’ebyo ebyategekebwa Nestle ne Aland awamu n’ebyo ebyategekebwa United Bible Societies biraga ebintu ebirala ebyazuulibwa gye buvuddeko awo. Ebimu ku ebyo ebyazuulibwa byateekebwa mu Nkyusa ey’Ensi Empya ey’Olungereza eya 2013, kwe twesigama okuvvuunula enkyusa eno ey’Oluganda.

Okwekenneenya ebiwandiiko ebyo ebikulu kituyambye okukiraba nti waliwo ennyiriri ezimu eziri mu Byawandiikibwa eby’Oluyonaani ebiri mu nkyusa za Bayibuli ezimu enkadde, gamba nga King James Version, ezaagattibwamu obugattibwa abakoppolozi abajjawo oluvannyuma era nga teziri mu Byawandiikibwa ebyaluŋŋamizibwa. Kyokka, okuva bwe kiri nti ensengeka y’ennyiriri mu Bayibuli yali yateekebwawo dda mu kyasa 16, enkyusa za Bayibuli nnyingi eziggyeemu ennyiriri ezo, zitaddewo akasaze ennyiriri ezo we zibadde. Ennyiriri ezo ze zino: Matayo 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; Makko 7:16; 9:44, 46; 11:26; 15:28; Lukka 17:36; 23:17; Yokaana 5:4; Ebikolwa 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29; ne Abaruumi 16:24. Mu nkyusa eno, we tuggye ennyiriri ezo tukiraze mu bugambo obuli wansi.

Ate era kyazuulibwa nti okufundikira okuwanvu okwa Makko 16 (olunyiriri 9-20), okufundikira okumpi okwa Makko 16, n’ebigambo ebisangibwa mu Yokaana 7:53–8:11, nabyo tebyali mu biwandiiko bya Bayibuli ebyasookera ddala. Eyo ye nsonga lwaki ennyiriri ezo teziteekeddwa mu nkyusa ya Bayibuli eno.c

Waliwo n’enkyukakyuka endala ezaakolebwa mu Nkyusa ey’Ensi Empya ey’Olungereza oluvannyuma lw’okwetegereza ebyo abeekenneenya Bayibuli bangi bye bazudde ku ebyo ebyali mu biwandiiko bya Bayibuli ebyasookera ddala. Ng’ekyokulabirako, okusinziira ku biwandiiko ebimu, Matayo 7:13 wagamba nti: “Muyingire mu mulyango omufunda, kubanga omulyango oguyingira mu kuzikirira mugazi n’ekkubo erituukayo ddene.” Mu Nkyusa ey’Ensi Empya ey’Olungereza enkadde temwalimu bigambo ‘omulyango mugazi.’ Naye, oluvannyuma lw’okwongera okwekenneenya ebiwandiiko bya Bayibuli, kyazuulibwa nti mu biwandiiko bya Bayibuli ebyasookera ddala, mwalimu ebigambo ‘omulyango omugazi.’ Eyo ye nsonga lwaki byateekebwa mu Nkyusa ey’Ensi Empya eya 2013. Waliwo n’enkyukakyuka endala ezifaananako ng’ezo ezaakolebwa. Kyokka, okutwalira awamu, enkyukakyuka ezo tezikyusa makulu agali mu Kigambo kya Katonda.