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Pitsogolero Toera Kuthumburuza Bhibhlya
Pakutoma Bhibhlya ikhadalembwa mu cilongero ca Cihebheri, Ciaramaki na Cigerego cakale. Lero iyo isagumanika yonsene peno khundu ibodzi mu pilongero pyakupiringana 3.000. Nakuti anyakuleri azinji nkhabe kwanisa kubvesesa Bhibhlya mu pilongero pyakale, iwo asafuna Bhibhlya yakuthumburuzwa na yakunyindirika. Ndi pitsogolero pipi pinafunika kutowezerwa pakuthumburuza Bhibhlya, pontho pitsogolero pyenepi pyaphedza tani toera kuthumburuza Bhibhlya ya Dziko Ipswa?
Anango asanyerezera kuti kuthumburuza fala na fala kunacitisa anyakuleri kudziwa mphangwa zidalembwa mu pilongero pyakale. Mbwenye undimomwene si unoyu tayu. Onani mathangwi mangasi:
Nkhabepo pilongero piri na gramatika ibodzi ene, malembero mabodzi ene na mapakiro mabodzi ene a mafala. Mpfundzisi Wacihebheri, S. R. Driver, alemba kuti pilongero “nee pisasiyana basi ene gramatika peno matomero, mbwenye pisasiyanambo . . . mapakiro a mafala.” Anthu a pilongero pyakusiyana asanyerezera munjira zakusiyana. Mpfundzisi Driver athimiza: “Natenepa, njira yakupaka mafala ya pilongero isasiyana.”
Cincino nkhabeko cilongero cakuti cisalemba peno kupaka mafala ninga Cihebheri, Ciaramaki na Cigerego. Natenepa, Bhibhlya mbidathumburuzwa fala na fala mbidanentsa kuibvesesa peno mbidabveka mwakuphonyeka.
Mabvekero a fala peno mafala anakwanisa kucinja mwakubverana na pinthu pinalongwa.
Nʼthumburuzi anakwanisa kuthumburuza fala na fala kubulukira mu cilongero cinathumburuza iye, mbwenye asafunika kucita mphole-mphole.
Onani pinthu pinapangiza kuti kuthumburuza fala na fala mʼmidzidzi inango kusapereka mabvekero akuphonyeka:
Mʼmbuto zinango, Bhibhlya isaphatisira fala yakuti “kugona” toera kulonga pya kugona citulo peno kufa. (Mateu 28:13; Juwau 11:11) Fala ineyi ingalonga pya kufa, athumburuzi a Bhibhlya anakwanisa kuphatisira fala yakuti ‘kufa’ toera kucalira kupereka maonero akuphonyeka.—1 Akorinto 7:39; 1 Atesalonika 4:13; 2 Pedhru 3:4.
Pa Aefesi 4:14 mpostolo Paulu aphatisira fala yakuti ingathumburuzwa fala na fala isabveka “kugwiwa cabutha na anthu.” Nsangani unoyu wakale usalonga pyakuphatisira cabutha toera kunyengeza anango. Mu pilongero pizinji, nsangani unoyu ungathumburuzwa fala na fala nee usabveka. Kuthumburuza nsangani unoyu ninga “kucenjera kwa anthu” kusaphedza anthu toera kubvesesa pinalonga iwo.
Pa Aroma 12:11, pana fala Yacigerego yakuti fala na fala isabveka “kuna nzimu wakuwira.” Mafala anewa nee asabveka mwadidi nʼCisena, natenepa mʼBhibhlya ino athumburuzwa “khalani akuwanga mukutsogolerwa na nzimu wakucena.”
Pa Nkhani yace ya Paphiri, Yezu aphatisira mafala akuti kazinji kene asathumburuzwa ‘anyakutsandzaya ndiwo anatcerenga muntima.’ (Mateu 5:3, Biblya Chisena) Mbwenye mafala anewa nee asapangiza mabvekero a cilongero cakutoma, thangwi penepo Yezu nee akhapfundzisa pya kutcerenga, mbwenye akhapfundzisa anthu kuti toera akhale akutsandzaya, nee asafunika kukhala na pinthu pizinji, mbwenye akhafunika kutsogolerwa na Mulungu. (Luka 6:20) Natenepa, mafala akuti “anyakutsandzaya ndi ale anadzindikira kuti asafunika kudziwa Mulungu” peno ‘mbatsandzaye anthu ale asadziwa kunyindira Mulungu’ asabvekesa mwadidi mabvekero a cilongero cakutoma.—Mateu 5:3; Chiverano Chachinchino.
Mʼmbuto zizinji, fala Yacihebheri idathumburuzwa kuti “ntcanje” iri na mabvekero mabodzi ene na ya Cisena yakuti ndi kubvera ntcanje nkazi peno mamuna peno kukhala na bibvu thangwi ya piri na munthu. (Misangani 6:34; Izaiya 11:13) Fala ibodzi ene Yacihebheri irimbo na mabvekero adidi. Mwacitsandzo, iyo isaphatisirwa toera kupangiza “phinga” peno citsidzikizo cinapereka Yahova, peno cifuno cace toera atumiki ace “alambire iye basi.” (Eksodho 34:14; 2 Amambo 19:31; Ezekiyeli 5:13; Zakariya 8:2) Fala ineyi isaphatisirwambo toera kulonga pya “phinga” ya atumiki a Mulungu kuna iye na kuna ulambiri wace, peno iye ‘nee asatawirisa kukhonda kukhulupirika.’—Masalmo 69:9; 119:139; Numero 25:11.
Fala Yacihebheri yakuti kazinji kene isalonga pya djanja ya munthu, iri na mabvekero akusiyana-siyana. Fala ineyi inakwanisa kuthumburuzwa “utongi,” “kupasa . . . mwakudzala manja,” peno “mphambvu.” (2 Samweli 8:3; 1 Amambo 10:13; Misangani 18:21) MʼBhibhlya ya Dziko Ipswa ya Cisena fala ineyi yathumburuzwa munjira zakusiyana-siyana mʼmaulendo akupiringana 40.
Na mathangwi anewa, kuthumburuza Bhibhlya kusaphataniza pizinji tayu kuthumburuza fala basi ene thangwi isalongwa tenepo mu cilongero cinango. Nʼthumburuzi asafunika kunyerezera mwadidi toera asankhule mafala akuti asabvekesa mwadidi pinalonga fala ya cilongero cinango. Kusiyapo pyenepi, asafunika kupaka mafala mwakubvera na gramatika ya cilongero cinathumburuza iye toera mphangwa zikhale zakukhonda nentsa kuleri.
Nʼthumburuzi asafunikambo kucalira kuthimizira mabvekero a mafala. Nʼthumburuzi wakuti ndzidzi onsene asathimizira mafala a mʼBhibhlya mwakubverana na maonero ace, asabvekesa mphangwa mwakuphonyeka. Munjira ipi? Iye anakwanisa kuikha maonero ace mwakuphonyeka peno kusiya pakhundu mphangwa zakufunika kakamwe. Maseze Bhibhlya yakuthumburuzwa mwakubverana na maonero a munthu nee isanentsa kuleri, mbwenye pyenepi pinacitisa anyakuleri kuluza mphangwa zandimomwene.
Pinakhulupira nʼthumburuzi pinakwanisa kukhuya basa yace. Mwacitsandzo, Mateu 7:13 isalonga: “Nseu ukulu usatsogolera anthu toera kufudzwa.” Athumburuzi anango, thangwi ya pinakhulupira iwo, pa vesi ineyi aphatisira fala yakuti “infernu” mʼmbuto mwa fala yakuti mabvekero ace andimomwene Mucigerego ndi “kufudzwa.”
Nʼthumburuzi asafunikambo kudziwa kuti Bhibhlya pakutoma yalembwa mu kuphatisira mafala akukhonda nentsa, akuti alimi, akumbizi na asodzi a mʼmadzi akhaaphatisira ntsiku zonsene. (Neemiya 8:8, 12; Mabasa 4:13) Natenepa, Bhibhlya yakuthumburuzwa mwadidi ndi ire yakuti isaphedza anthu onsene kubva mphangwa, mwakukhonda tsalakana khala apfundza peno nkhabe. Isaphatisira mafala akubveka mwadidi na akudzolowereka, mʼmbuto mwakuphatisira mafala akuti nkhabe longwa.
Athumburuzi azinji a Bhibhlya abulusa mwakusowa mathangwi dzina ya Mulungu, Yahova, mʼMabhibhlya adathumburuza iwo, maseze dzina ineyi ikhagumanika mʼmabukhu peno mʼmipukutu yakutoma. (Onani Apendise A4.) Mabhibhlya mazinji, mbuto zikhabwera dzina ya Mulungu paikhwa cidzo cakuti “Mbuya,” pontho anango nkhabe pangiza kuti Mulungu ali na dzina. Mwacitsandzo, mʼMabhibhlya anango, phembero ya Yezu ya pa Juwau 17:26 iri tenepa: “Ine ndaadziwisa kuti imwe ndimwe ani,” ya pa Juwau 17:6 iri tenepa: “Ine ndacitisa kuti mudziwike kuna ale adandipasa imwe.” Mbwenye phembero ineyi ingathumburuzwa mwadidi isabveka: “Ine ndaadziwisa dzina yanu,” pontho “ine ndadziwisa dzina yanu kuna anthu adabulusa imwe pa dziko mbamundipasa.”
Mafala akutoma a Bhibhlya ya Dziko Ipswa ya Cingerezi asalonga: “Ife nee taphatisira mabvero athu pakuthumburuza Bhibhlya. Mʼmbuto zonsene zakuti kuthumburuza fala na fala nee mbakudabisa mabvekero, ife tawangisira kakamwe toera kuthumburuza fala na fala mule munatawirisa Cingerezi cacincino.” Natenepa, Komiti ya Bhibhlya ya Dziko Ipswa yawangisira toera kuthumburuza mwadidi mafala kuti abveke munjira ibodzi ene na cilongero cakutoma, mbacalira kupaka mafala munjira yakuti inaphonyesa mabvekero andimomwene. Natenepa Bhibhlya isakhala yakukhonda nentsa kuleri, pontho ale anaileri asakhala na cinyindiro consene cakuti mphangwa ziri mwenemu zathumburuzwa munjira yakunyindirika.—1 Atesalonika 2:13.