Rutivi 1

Sayenzi—Kutsvaka Zvokwadi Kunopfuurira Kworudzi Rwomunhu

“MUCHAZIVA zvokwadi, uye zvokwadi ichakusunungurai.” (Johane 8:32, NW) Aya mashoko anowanzonokorwa mashoko ouchenjeri akataurwa nomumwe munhu uyo mamirioni anorangarira kuva munhu mukurusa ati amborarama.a Kunyange zvazvo mukurukuri akanga achinongedzera kuzvokwadi yorudzidziso, mumativi akati zvokwadi murutivi rwupi norwupi rwomubato inogona kusunungura vanhu.

Zvokwadi yesayenzi, somuenzaniso, yakasunungura vanhu mupfungwa dzenhema dzakawanda, dzakadai seiya yokuti pasi rakati chechetere, kuti pasi ndiro musimboti wechisiko chose, kuti kupisa iyerero inonzi caloric, kuti mhepo yakashatswa inoparira hosha, uye kuti atomu kanhu kadukusa kechinhu. Kushandiswa kunobetsera kwezvokwadi yesayenzi munzvimbo dzemabasa dzokugadzira zvinhu, pamwe chete nomune zvekurukurirano nezvokufambisa, kwakasunungura vanhu mubasa rakaoma risiri madikanwa uye, kusvikira kumwero wakati, kwakasunungura vanhu muganhuriro dzenguva nedaro. Zvokwadi dzesayenzi dzinoshandiswa mumishonga inodzivirira uye kutarisirwa kwoutano dzakabetsera kusunungura vanhu murufu rwenguva isati yasvika kana kuti kutyiwa kwakashata kwehosha.

Sayenzi—Chii?

Mukuwirirana nebhuku rinonzi The World Book Encyclopedia, “sayenzi inofukidza rutivi rwakapamhama rwezivo yavanhu ine chokuita namaidi anobatanidzwa pamwe chete nenheyo (mirau).” Nomutoo unonzwisisika, kune marudzi akasiana-siana esayenzi. Bhuku rinonzi The Scientist rinotaura, kuti: “Murondedzero, runenge rudzi rwuri rwose rwezivo rwungaitwa rwesayenzi, sezvo kupfurikidza nerondedzero bazu rezivo rinova sayenzi apo rinofundwa kuchishandiswa mutoo wesayenzi.”

Ikoku kunoparira kuoma kwakati mukurondedzera, noururami hupi nohupi, apo imwe sayenzi inovambira napanogumira imwe. Kutaura idi, mukuwirirana neThe World Book Encyclopedia, “mune zvinoitika zvakati, sayenzi dzinogona kudarikira zvikuru zvokuti mativi anobatanidza mabazu akasiana-siana edzidzo akatangwa ayo anoumba mativi maviri esayenzi kana kuti anopfuura.” Kunyanguvezvo, mabhuku enongedzero mazhinjisa anotaura nezvezvikamu zvina zvikuru: sayenzi dzezvinhu zvinooneka, sayenzi dzezvinhu zvipenyu, sayenzi dzamagariro avanhu, uye sayenzi yamasvomhu uye kurangarira.

Masvomhu isayenzi here? Hungu, kana pasina mutoo wakati wakabatanidzwa wokuyera nawo, nzira yakati kuti yokuwana nayo kuti chakakura sei, chiduku sei, zvingani, zvishoma zvakadini, kure kwakadini, pedyo zvakadini, chinopisa zvakadini, uye chinotonhora zvakadini, kufeyafeya kwesayenzi kune miuyo kwaizove kusingabviri. Naizvozvo nokuda kwechikonzero ichecho, masvomhu akanzi “Mambokadzi noMubatiri weSayenzi.”

Kana dziri sayenzi dzezvinhu zvinooneka, idzi dzinobatanidza ruzivo rwokushanda kwemishonga, ruzivo rwokuitirana kwezvinhu uye simba, uye ruzivo rwokududzira nyeredzi. Sayenzi huru dzoruzivo rwezvinhu zvipenyu ndizvo ruzivo rwezvirimwa noruzivo rwoupenyu hwemhuka, nepo sayenzi dzenzanga dzinobatanidza ruzivo rwamagarire avanhu, ruzivo rweenderero mberi yavanhu, migariro yezvemari, sayenzi yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye ruzivo rwokushanda kwendangariro. (Ona bhokisi riri papeji 8.)

Musiano unofanira kuitwa pakati pesayenzi chaiyo nesayenzi inoshandiswa. Yokutanga inobata chose chose nemaidi esayenzi nemirau imene; yechipiri, nokushanda kwawo chaikoiko. Nhasi sayenzi inoshandiswa inozivikanwawo soruzivo rwamabasa.

Kudzidza Nokuedza Ichi Nechecho

Rudzidziso nesayenzi zvose zviri zviviri mienzaniso yechishuvo chorudzi rwomunhu kuti ruzive zvokwadi. Asi pane musiano une revo pakati pezvokwadi yorudzidziso kuti inotsvakwa sei pana mamwe manyuko uye zvokwadi yesayenzi mumamwe manyuko. Mutsvaki wezvokwadi yorudzidziso zvimwe achatendeukira kuBhaibheri Dzvene, Koran, Talmud, Vedas, kana kuti Tripitaka, kuchitsamira pakuti iye muKristu here, muMuslim, muJudha, muHindu, kana kuti muBuddha. Ikoko achawana chinorangarirwa norudzidziso rwake kuva wadzanyuro yezvokwadi yorudzidziso, zvimwe ichitorwa mumanyuko oumwari uye naizvozvo ichirangarirwa sechiremera chokupedzisira.

Zvisinei, mutsvaki wezvokwadi yesayenzi haana chiremera chakadaro chokupedzisira chokutendeukira kwachiri—zvimwe bhuku kana munhu. Zvokwadi yesayenzi haiwadzanyurwi; inowanwa. Ikoku kunobvirisa gadziriro yokuedza ichi nechecho, mutsvaki wezvokwadi yesayenzi kazhinji kazhinji anozviwana amene ari mukutamburira kusina zvibereko. Asi kupfurikidza nokutevera mutsinhirano nhano ina, anoronda kutsvaka kune miuyo. (Ona bhokisi rinoti “Kuwana Zvokwadi Nenzira Yesayenzi.”) Kunyanguvezvo, rukundo rwesayenzi rwunochengetwa pamatongo orukundo rwesayenzi sezvo mirangariro yaichimbogamuchirwa inorambwa kuti idziurire nzira mitsva inorangarirwa sokunge yakarurama zvikuru.

Pasinei hapo nouyu mutoo unodarika-darika, masayendisiti kwamakore apfuura akavaka chitsama chinoyemurika chezivo yesayenzi. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kazhinji achikanganisa, ave achikwanisa kururamisa mhedziso dzakawanda dzisina kururama ngozi yakakomba isati yaitwa. Kutaura idi, chero bedzi zivo yokukanganisa ichiramba iri pakati penzvimbo yesayenzi chaiyo, ngozi yokuparira kuvadziko yakakomba iduku. Asi apo kuedza kunoitwa kushandura sayenzi chaiyo yakakanganiswa nomutoo wakakomba kuva sayenzi inoshandiswa, miuyo inogona kuva ine ngozi.

Rangarira, somuenzaniso, sayenzi yakabvirisa kutangwa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Iyoyi yakakosheswa zvikuru kutozosvikira kumwezve kunzvera kwesayenzi kwazivisa kuti mimwe yayo inosiya zvisaririra zvinokuvadza kuutano hwavanhu. Mune dzimwe nzanga pedyo negungwa reAral, riri muUzbekistan neKazakhstan, batano yakatangwa pakati pokushandiswa kwakapararira kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakadaro nemwero wekenza yegurokuro unowanziridzwa nakanomwe weavhereji yorudzi.

Nemhaka yeyamuro yayakapa, mishonga yokupfapfaidzira yakava inozivikanwa zvikuru—kutozosvikira kufeyafeya kwesayenzi kwakarakadza kuti yakanga ichiparira ruparadziko rwepasi rweozone layer, nokukurumidza zvikuru, kutaura idi, kupfuura zvakambofungwa. Naizvozvo, kutsvaka zvokwadi yesayenzi muitiro unopfuurira. “Zvokwadi” dzesayenzi yanhasi dzingava pfungwa dzokukanganisa dzamangwana, uye zvimwe dzinotova nengozi, pfungwa dzazuro.

Chikonzero Nei Sayenzi Ichifanira Kutifadza

Sayenzi noruzivo rwamabasa zvakava nezvakawanda zvokuita nokuumba chimiro chenyika yedu yazvino uno. Frederick Seitz, aichimbova purezidhendi weU.S. National Academy of Sciences, akati: “Sayenzi, iyo yakatanga zvikurukuru sechinoitika chinofadza chendangariro, zvino iri kuva imwe yembiru huru dzamararamire edu.” Nokudaro, kunzvera kwesayenzi nhasi kwava kwakafanana mududziro neenderero mberi. Munhu upi noupi anopanikira kubudirira kwesayenzi kwemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi anozvipinza amene mungozi yokuva anonzi “murambi weenderero mberi.” Pashure pokurangarira zvose, icho vamwe vanoidza kuti enderero mberi kwavari ndichinoparadzanisa vakapepuka navasina kupepuka.

Hakushamisi, ipapoka, kuti wezvenhetembwa weBritain womuzana ramakore rechi 20 W. H. Auden akati: “Varume vechokwadi vechiito munguva yedu, avo vanoshandura nyika, havasiri vezvamatongerwe enyika navanhu vehurumende, asi masayendisiti.”

Vanhu vashomanene vangaramba kuti nyika inoda kushandurwa. Asi sayenzi inokwanisa here kugonana nebasa racho? Inogona here kuwana zvokwadi dzesayenzi dzinodikanirwa kugonana nedenho dzechienzi dzinoparirwa nezana ramakore rechi 21? Uye idzi zvokwadi dzinogona kudzidzwa nokukurumidza zvakaringanira kusunungura vanhu mukutyiwa kwengwavaira yapasi rose yoswedera here?

Akawina mubairo weNobel kaviri Linus Pauling akati: “Munhu upi noupi anorarama munyika anoda kuva nenzwisiso yakati yechisiko netapuro dzesayenzi.” Kuri nokuda kwedonzo rokugovera varavi vedu imwe yeiyi nzwisiso iri madikanwa kuti isu tipe nhevedzano ye“Sayenzi—Kutsvaka Zvokwadi Kunopfuurira Kworudzi Rwomunhu.” Iva nechokwadi chokurava Rutivi 2, muchinyorwa chedu chinotevera.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]

KUWANA ZVOKWADI NENZIRA YESAYENZI

1. Cherekedza zvinoitika.

2. Zvakavakirwa pacherekedzo idzodzo, vaka rondedzero mukuwirirana nezvingava chokwadi.

3. Edza rondedzero yacho kupfurikidza nedzimwezve cherekedzo uye kupfurikidza nokunzvera.

4. Tarira kuti uone kana kudeya kuzivisa kwakavakirwa parondedzero kuchizadzika.

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 8]

SAYENZI DZINORONDEDZERWA

ANTHROPOLOGY ifundo yavanhu seinorangarirwa mumirangariro yoruzivo rwezvinhu zvipenyu, nzanga, uye tsika.

ASTRONOMY ifundo yenyeredzi, nyika dzomuchadenga, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvomusikirwo zviri muchadenga.

BIOLOGY ifundo yamashandire anoita zvinhu zvipenyu uye gadziriro yezvirimwa nemhuka.

BOTANY, rimwe ramabazu makuru maviri refundo yamashandire ezvinhu zvipenyu, ifundo youpenyu hwezvirimwa.

CHEMISTRY ifundo yamativi namavara uye musanganiswa wezvinhu uye nzira yazvinoita nayo kune chimwe nechimwe.

MATHEMATICS ifundo yamasvomhu, zviverengero, zvimiro, uye wirirano.

PHYSICS ifundo yamasimba namavara akadai sechiedza, kutinhira, sundo, uye simba rinokweva rapasi.

PSYCHOLOGY ifundo yendangariro yomunhu nokurangarira kwokuzvibata kwomunhu.

ZOOLOGY, bazu guru rechipiri refundo yezvinhu zvipenyu, ifundo youpenyu hwemhuka.