Girisi NeRoma Dzakambotonga VaJudha

UMAMBO hweGirisi hwakatanga kuva nesimba mumakomo eMakedhoniya. Ari ikoko Alexander akafunga kuwedzera Umambo hwake achienda nechokumabvazuva paakanga ava nemakore okuma20. Muna 334 B.C.E., akatungamirira uto rake achipfuura nemuHellespont (Dardanelles), yaiganhura Europe neAsia. VaGiriki vachitungamirirwa naAlexander vakatanga kukunda dzimwe nyika vachikurumidza “seingwe.” (Dha 7:6) Alexander akakurira vaPezhiya pedyo neTroy, pamapani eRwizi rwaGranicus, ndokuvakunda zvisina kana mubvunzo paIssus.

VaGiriki vakarwisa Siriya neFenikiya, vachitora guta ravo reTire pashure pemwedzi minomwe. (Eze 26:4, 12) Alexander akasiya Jerusarema akanokunda Gaza. (Zek 9:5) Asvika kuIjipiti, akavaka guta reArekizandriya, iro rakazova muzinda wedzidzo newezvokutengeserana. Akapfuurazve nomuNyika Yakapikirwa, akarakashazve vaPezhiya paGaugamela, pedyo nematongo eNinivhi.

Alexander akananga kumaodzanyemba akanokunda Bhabhironi, Shushani (Susa), nePersepolis, muzinda wePezhiya. Haana kumbomira, akabva apfuura nomuPezhiya, ndokusvika kuRwizi rweIndus, rwuri kune yava kunzi Pakistan. Mumakore masere chete, Alexander akakunda nyika dzakawanda dzepanguva iyoyo. Asi muna 323 B.C.E., ava nemakore 32, akafa nemarariya muBhabhironi.—Dha 8:8.

Tsika nemaitiro zvechiGiriki zvakanga zvakazara muNyika Yakapikirwa. Vamwe vaimbova masoja aAlexander vakabva vangogara munharaunda yacho. Pakazotanga chiKristu, pakanga pava nomubatanidzwa wemaguta aitaura chiGiriki (Dhekaporisi). (Mt 4:25; Mk 7:31) Magwaro echiHebheru akanga ava kuwanikwa muchiGiriki. Koine (chiGiriki chaitaurwa nevoruzhinji) ndiwo waiva mutauro waishandiswa nevanhu munyika dzose pakuparadzira dzidziso dzechiKristu.

Umambo hweRoma

Chii chakanga chichiitika kumadokero? Roma, yaimbova tumisha tushomanana twaiva pedyo neRwizi rwaTiber yakatanga kuonekerawo. Kubudirira kwakapedzisira kwaita uto reRoma uye kutonga kwayaiita kwakabatsira kuti ikunde nharaunda dzaimbotongwa nevatungamiriri vana vaAlexander. Pakazosvika 30 B.C.E., zvakanga zvava pachena kuti Umambo hweRoma hwakanga hwava kutanga kuva nesimba, uye hwava kutanga kuratidza kuti ndihwo ‘mhuka inotyisa’ yakaonekwa naDhanieri pane zvaakaratidzwa.—Dha 7:7.

Umambo hweRoma hwaitonga kubva kuBritain huchidzika kusvika kuNorth Africa, huchibva kuAtlantic Ocean kunosvika kuPersian Gulf. Sezvo umambo hwacho hwakanga hwakapoteredza gungwa reMediterranean, vaRoma vairiti Mare Nostrum (Gungwa Redu).

Roma yakatongawo vaJudha, sezvo nyika yavo yakanga iri pasi peumambo hwayo. (Mt 8:5-13; Mab 10:1, 2) Jesu akabhabhatidzwa uye akafa panguva yaitonga Mambo Tibheriyo. Vamwe vatongi veRoma vakatambudza zveutsinye vaKristu asi hazvina kumisa kunamata kwechokwadi. Pashure pemakore 1 300 umambo hwacho hwakakundwa pahwakarwiswa nemarudzi eGermany aiva kuchamhembe uye vanhu vaipamba vachitama-tama nechokumabvazuva.

[Mepu iri papeji 26]

(Kana uchida kuona zvayakaita, ona bhuku racho)

Umambo hweGirisi

Alexander afa, vatungamiriri vake vehondo vana vakatanga kutonga umambo hwacho hwose

▪ Cassander

▫ Lysimachus

○ Ptolemy I

• Seleucus I

A2 ▪ GIRISI

A2 ▪ Atene

A2 ▪ AKAYA

A3 ○ Kurini

A3 ○ RIBHIYA

B2 ▫ Byzantium

B3 ○ KUPRO

B4 ○ No-amoni (Thebes)

C3 Palmyra (Tadmori)

C3 ○ Gerasa

C3 ○ Firadhefiya

C3 ○ Jerusarema

C5 ○ Siene

G2 • Arekizandriya Margiana

Nzira yaArekizanda

A2 ▪ MAKEDHONIYA

A2 ▪ Pera

A2 ▫ THRACE

B2 ▫ Troy

B2 ▫ Sadhisi

B2 ▫ Efeso

B2 ▫ Gordium

C2 ▫ Ankara

C3 • Taso

C3 • Issus

C3 • Andiyoki (yeSiriya)

C3 ○ Tire

C4 ○ Gaza

B4 ○ IJIPITI

B4 ○ Memfisi

B4 ○ Arekizandriya

A4 ○ Chitubu cheSiwa

B4 ○ Memfisi

C4 ○ Gaza

C3 ○ Tire

C3 ○ Dhamasiko

C3 • Aleppo

D3 • Nisibis

D3 • Gaugamela

D3 • Bhabhironi

E3 • Shushani

E4 • PEZHIYA

E4 • Persepolis

E4 • Pasargadae

E3 • MEDHIYA

E3 • Ekibhatana

E3 • Rhagae

E3 • Hecatompylos

F3 • PATIYA

G3 • ARIA

G3 • Arekizandriya Areion

G3 • Alekizandria Prophthasia

F4 • DRANGIANA

G4 • ARACHOSIA

G4 • Arekizandriya Arachosiorum

H3 • Kabul

G3 • Drapsaca

H3 • Arekizandriya Oxiana

G3 • Drapsaca

G3 • BACTRIA

G3 • Bactra

G2 • Derbent

G2 • SOGDIANA

G2 • Maracanda

G2 • Bukhara

G2 • Maracanda

H2 • Arekizandriya Eschate

G2 • Maracanda

G2 • Derbent

G3 • Bactra

G3 • BACTRIA

G3 • Drapsaca

H3 • Kabul

H3 • Taxila

H5 • INDIA

H4 • Arekizandriya

G4 • GEDROSIA

F4 • Pura

E4 • PEZHIYA

F4 • Arekizandriya

F4 • CARMANIA

E4 • Pasargadae

E4 • Persepolis

E3 • Shushani

D3 • Bhabhironi

[Dzimwe nzvimbo]

A3 KRETE

D4 ARABHIYA

[Mvura zhinji]

B3 Gungwa reMediterranean

C5 Gungwa Dzvuku

E4 Persian Gulf

G5 Gungwa reArabhiya

[Nzizi]

B4 Nire

D3 Yufuratesi

D3 Tigrisi

G4 Indus

[Mepu iri papeji 27]

(Kana uchida kuona zvayakaita, ona bhuku racho)

Umambo hweRoma

A1 BRITAIN

A3 SPEINI

B1 GERMANIA

B2 GAUL

B2 ITARI

B2 Roma

B3 Carthage

C2 IRIRIKUMU

C3 GIRISI

C3 Actium

C3 Kurini

D2 Byzantium (Constantinople)

D3 ASIA MINOR

D3 Efeso

D3 Aleppo

D3 Andiyoki (yeSiriya)

D3 Dhamasiko

D3 Gerasa (Jarash)

D3 Jerusarema

D3 Arekizandriya

D4 IJIPITI

[Mvura zhinji]

A2 Atlantic Ocean

C3 Gungwa reMediterranean

D2 Gungwa Dema

D4 Gungwa Dzvuku

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 26]

Paakavakazve Rabha, Ptolemy II akaitumidza kuti Firadhefiya. Matongo eimba huru yemitambo yeRoma achiripo

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 27]

Guta reDhekaporisi rainzi Gerasa (Jarash)

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 27]

Migwagwa yeRoma, yakadai souyu uri pedyo neAleppo, yainopinda muEurope, kuNorth Africa, uye kuMiddle East. VaKristu vaifamba nemigwagwa iyi kuti vaparadzire chokwadi cheBhaibheri