Mutemo waKristu
“Ndiri . . . pasi pomurayiro waKristu.”—1 VAKORINTE 9:21.
1, 2. (a) Zhinji dzemhosho dzerudzi rwemunhu dzingadai dzakadziviswa sei? (b) ChiKristudhomu chakundikana kudzidzei munhau yechiJudha?
“MARUDZI nehurumende havana kutongodzidza chinhu chipi nechipi munhau, kana kuti kuita chiito pamusoro penheyo dzinowanwa mairi.” Akadaro mumwe muzivi weGermany wezana ramakore rechi19. Zvirokwazvo, kuitika kwenhau yemunhu kwakarondedzerwa se“kufora kweufuza,” nhevedzano yemhosho nenjodzi zvinotyisa, zhinji dzadzo dzaigona kuva dzakadziviswa kudai rudzi rwemunhu rwakanga rwuchidisa bedzi kudzidza muzvikanganiso zvemunguva yakapfuura.
2 Kuramba kumwe cheteko kudzidza muzvikanganiso zvemunguva yakapfuura kunotanhamara mukurukurirano ino yemutemo waMwari. Jehovha Mwari akatsiva Mutemo waMosesi neunotova nani—mutemo waKristu. Bva, vatungamiriri vechiKristudhomu, avo vanotaura kuti vanodzidzisa uye vanorarama maererano nemutemo uyu, vakakundikana kudzidza muufuza hunotyisa hwevaFarise. Naizvozvo chiKristudhomu chakamonyanisa ndokushatsa mutemo waKristu kungofanana nezvakaita chiJudha Mutemo waMosesi. Ikoko kungagona sei kuva kwakadaro? Kutanga, ngatikurukurei mutemo uyu umene—chauri, waunodzora uye sei, uye chinousiyanisa neMutemo waMosesi. Ipapo tichanzvera nzira iyo chiKristudhomu chakaushatsa nayo. Nokudaro ngatidzidze munhau ndokubetserwa nayo!
Sungano Itsva
3. Chipikirwai icho Jehovha akaita maererano nesungano itsva?
3 Ndiani kunze kwaJehovha Mwari aigona kunatsa Mutemo wakakwana? Sungano yeMutemo waMosesi yakanga yakakwana. (Pisarema 19:7) Pasinei zvapo naikoko, Jehovha akapikira, kuti: “Tarirai, namazuva anouya . . . andichaita sungano itsva neimba yaIsraeri, uye neimba yaJudha. Haingafanani nesungano yandakaita namadzibaba avo.” Mirayiro Gumi—musimboti weMutemo waMosesi—yakanyorerwa pamahwendefa amabwe. Asi nezvesungano itsva, Jehovha akati: “Ndichaisa murayiro wangu mukati mavo, ndichaunyora pamwoyo yavo.”—Jeremia 31:31-34.
4. (a) NdiIsraeri upi anobatanidzwa musungano itsva? (b) Ndivanaanizve kunze kwevaIsraeri vomudzimu vari pasi pemutemo waKristu?
4 Ndivanaani vaizopinzwa musungano itsva iyi? Zvirokwazvo kwete “imba yaIsraeri” chaiyoiyo, avo vakaramba Murevereri wesungano iyi. (VaHebheru 9:15) Aiwa, uyu “Israeri” mutsva aizova “Israeri waMwari,” rudzi rwevaIsraeri vomudzimu. (VaGaratia 6:16, NW; VaRoma 2:28, 29) Iri boka duku revaKristu, rakazodzwa nemudzimu gare gare raizokumbanirwa ne“vazhinjizhinji” vanobva kumarudzi ose avo vaizotsvakawo kunamata Jehovha. (Zvakazarurwa 7:9, 10; Zekaria 8:23) Nepo vasiri rutivi musungano itsva, ivavawo vaizosungwa nemutemo. (Enzanisa naRevhitiko 24:22; Numeri 15:15.) Se“boka rimwe” pasi po“mufudzi mumwe,” vose vaizova “pasi pomurayiro waKristu,” sezvakanyora muapostora Pauro. (Johane 10:16; 1 VaKorinte 9:21) Pauro akadana iyi sungano itsva kuti “sungano inopfuura nokunaka.” Nei? Kutanga, yakavakirwa pazvipikirwa zvakazadzikwa panzvimbo pemimvuri yezvinhu zvichauya.—VaHebheru 8:6; 9:11-14.
5. Ndechipi chiri chinangwa chesungano itsva, uye nei chichabudirira?
5 Ndechipi chiri chinangwa cheiyi sungano? Ndechekubudisa rudzi rwamadzimambo nevaprista kuti vakomborere rudzi rwose rwomunhu. (Eksodho 19:6; 1 Petro 2:9; Zvakazarurwa 5:10) Sungano yeMutemo waMosesi haina kutongobudisa rudzi urwu mupfungwa yakazara zvikurusa, nokuti Israeri wose akapandukira ndokurasikirwa nemukana wavo. (Enzanisa naVaRoma 11:17-21.) Sungano itsva, zvisinei, ine chokwadi chokubudirira, nokuti yakabatanidzwa nerudzi rwakasiyana zvikuru rwemutemo. Yakasiyana munzirai?
Mutemo Werusununguko
6, 7. Mutemo waKristu unopa sei rusununguko rukuru zvikuru kupfuura zvaiita Mutemo waMosesi?
6 Mutemo waKristu unobatanidzwa wabatanidzwazve nerusununguko. (Johane 8:31, 32) Unonongedzerwa kwauri se“mutemo werudzi rwakasununguka” uye “mutemo wakakwana worusununguko.” (Jakobho 1:25; 2:12, NW) Chokwadika, rusununguko rwose pakati pavanhu haruna kukwana. Zvisinei, mutemo uyu unopa rusununguko rwakakura zvikuru kupfuura wakautangira, Mutemo waMosesi. Sei?
7 Kutanga, hapana anoberekerwa mumutemo waKristu. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai serudzi nenzvimbo yokuberekerwa hazvikoshi. VaKristu vechokwadi vanosarudza vakasununguka mumwoyo yavo kugamuchira joko rekuteerera mutemo uyu. Mukuita saizvozvo, vanowana kuti ijoko remutsa, mutoro wakareruka. (Mateo 11:28-30) Kana ukayeuka, Mutemo waMosesi wakanga wakagadzirirwawo kudzidzisa munhu kuti anotadza uye anoda zvikuru chibayiro chorudzikinuro kuti chimudzikinure. (VaGaratia 3:19) Mutemo waKristu unodzidzisa kuti Mesiya akauya, akabhadhara mubhadharo werudzikinuro neupenyu hwake, uye akatizarurira nzira yokuti tisunungurwe mudzvinyiriro inotyisa yechivi nerufu! (VaRoma 5:20, 21) Kuti tibetserwe, tinofanira ku‘shandisa kutenda’ muchibayiro ichocho.—Johane 3:16.
8. Mutemo waKristu unobatanidzei, asi nei kurarama maererano nawo kusingadi kudzidza nomusoro mazana emirau yepamutemo?
8 Ku“tenda” kunobatanidza kurarama maererano nemutemo waKristu. Ikoko kunobatanidza kuteerera mirayiro yose yaKristu. Ikoku kunoreva kuziva nemusoro mazana emitemo nemirau here? Aiwa. Nepo Mosesi, murevereri wesungano yekare, akanyora Mutemo waMosesi, Jesu, Murevereri wesungano itsva, haana kutongonyora mutemo mumwe chete. Panzvimbo pezvo, akararama maererano nemutemo uyu. Kupfurikidza neupenyu hwake hwakakwana, akagadza muenzaniso wokuti vose vatevere. (1 Petro 2:21) Zvichida ndicho chikonzero nei kunamata kwevaKristu vapakuvamba kwakanongedzerwa kwakuri se“Nzira.” (Mabasa 9:2; 19:9, 23; 22:4; 24:22) Kwavari, mutemo waKristu wakaratidzirwa muupenyu hwaKristu. Kutevedzera Jesu kwakanga kuri kuteerera mutemo iwoyu. Kumuda kwavo kukuru kwakareva kuti mutemo uyu zvirokwazvo wakanga wakanyorwa pamwoyo yavo, sezvakaporofitwa. (Jeremia 31:33; 1 Petro 4:8) Uye uyo anoteerera nemhaka yerudo haatongonzwi adzvinyirirwa—chimwe chikonzero nei mutemo waKristu ungadanwa kunzi “mutemo wevanhu vakasununguka.”
9. Ndechipi chinokosha chimene chemutemo waKristu, uye munzirai umo mutemo uyu unobatanidza murayiro mutsva?
9 Kana rudo rwakanga rwuchikosha muMutemo waMosesi, ndirwo chinokosha chimene chemutemo wechiKristu. Mutemo waKristu nokudaro unobatanidza murayiro mutsva—vaKristu vanofanira kuva nerudo rwekurega zvimwe zvinhu nokuda kwemumwe nomumwe. Vanofanira kuda sezvakaita Jesu; akarega nokudisa upenyu hwake nokuda kweshamwari dzake. (Johane 13:34, 35; 15:13) Naizvozvo kungataurwa kuti mutemo waKristu kuratidzirwa kwakatokwirira zvikuru kweubati ushe hwaMwari kupfuura zvakanga zvakaita Mutemo waMosesi. Sezvo magazini ino yakaonesa pakuvamba: “Ubati ushe hwaMwari kutonga kwaMwari; Mwari rudo; naizvozvo ubati ushe hwaMwari kutonga kwerudo.”
Jesu nevaFarise
10. Dzidziso yaJesu yakapesana sei neiya yevaFarise?
10 Hakutongoshamisi, ipapo, kuti Jesu akapinda murwisano nevatungamiriri verudzidziso vechiJudha vezuva rake. “Mutemo wakakwana werusununguko” wakanga usitongori mundangariro dzevanyori nevaFarise. Vakaedza kudzora vanhu kupfurikidza nemirau yakaitwa nevanhu. Dzidziso yavo yakava inodzvinyirira, inoshora, yakashata. Mukupesana kukuru, dzidziso yaJesu yaivaka uye yakanga yakanaka zvikuru! Aiita zvinoshanda uye akataura zvinodikanwa chaizvoizvo nefunganyo zvavanhu. Akadzidzisa zvakapfava uye nemurangariro wapachokwadi, achishandisa mienzaniso yemuupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye achishandisa zvaibva muchiremera cheShoko raMwari. Nokudaro, “vanhu vazhinji vakashamiswa nokudzidzisa kwake.” (Mateo 7:28) Hungu, dzidziso yaJesu yakasvika mwoyo yavo!
11. Jesu akaratidzira sei kuti Mutemo waMosesi unofanira kuve wakashandiswa nekuva nemufungo nengoni?
11 Panzvimbo pokuwedzera mirau mizhinji kuMutemo waMosesi, Jesu akaratidza nzira iyo vaJudha vaifanira kuva vachishandisa nayo Mutemo nguva yose—nekuva nemufungo nengoni. Yeuka, somuenzaniso, nhambo apo akasvikwa nemumwe mukadzi akanga achitambudzwa nekuerera kweropa. Maererano neMutemo waMosesi, upi neupi waaibata aizova asina kuchena, naizvozvo zvirokwazvo aisafanira kuvhengana neboka ravanhu! (Revhitiko 15:25-27) Asi akanga achidisa zvikuru kuporeswa zvokuti akapinda nomuboka racho ndokubata nguo yokunze yaJesu. Kubuda ropa kwacho kwakamira kamwe kamwe. Akamutuka nokuda kwokuputsa Mutemo here? Aiwa; panzvimbo pezvo, akanzwisisa mamiriro ake ezvinhu okupererwa nezano rose ndokuratidzira murayiro mukurusa weMutemo—rudo. Nokunzwira tsitsi akamuudza, kuti: “Mukunda, kutenda kwako kwakuponesa; enda norugare, upore pakurwara kwako.”—Marko 5:25-34.
Mutemo waKristu Ndewemadiro Here?
12. (a) Nei tisingafaniri kufungidzira kuti Kristu ndewemadiro? (b) Chii chinoratidza kuti kuitwa kwemitemo mizhinji kunotungamirira kukuitwa kwemabudire mazhinji?
12 Tinofanira kugumisa here, ipapo, kuti nemhaka yekuti mutemo waKristu ndewe“rusununguko,” ndewemadiro, nepo vaFarise, nemagamuchidzanwa avo ose aitaurwa, vaitombochengeta mufambiro wevanhu vavo mukati memiganhu yerumano? Aiwa. Masangano eMutemo nhasi anoratidzira kuti kazhinji kazhinji mitemo ikawanda zvikuru, vanhu vanowana mabudire zvikuru.a Muzuva raJesu kuwanda kwemitemo yevaFarise kwakakurudzira kutsvakwa kwemabudire, kuitwa kwekusaitira hanya kwemabasa asina rudo, uye kusakurirwa kwechimiro chokunze chokuzviruramisa kuti vavanze ushati huri mukati.—Mateo 23:23, 24.
13. Nei mutemo waKristu uchiguma nemupimo wakakwirira zvikuru wemufambiro kupfuura bumbiro remutemo ripi neripi rakanyorwa?
13 Mutemo waKristu, mukupesana, hauchengeti zvimiro zvendangariro zvakadaro. Kutaura idi, kuteerera mutemo wakavakirwa pakuda Jehovha uye unoteererwa kupfurikidza nokutevedzera kuda Kristu kwekurega zvimwe zvinhu nokuda kwavamwe kunoguma nemupimo wetsika wakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura zvinoita kutevera bumbiro remutemo renguva dzose. Rudo harutsvaki mabudire; runotidzivisa kuita zvinhu zvinokuvadza izvo bumbiro romutemo ringasarambidza zvakajeka. (Ona Mateo 5:27, 28.) Nokudaro, mutemo waKristu uchatisunda kuitira vamwe zvinhu—kuratidza rupo, mutsa, uye rudo—munzira idzo pasina mutemo wenguva dzose ungagona kutiitisa.—Mabasa 20:35, 2 VaKorinte 9:7; VaHebheru 13:16.
14. Kurarama maererano nemutemo waKristu kwakava netapuroi paungano yechiKristu yezana ramakore rekutanga?
14 Kusvikira kumwero uyo mitezo yayo yairarama maererano nemutemo waKristu, ungano yapakuvamba yechiKristu yaifarikanya mugariro woushamwari, worudo, usina zvikuru zvimiro zvendangariro zvakaoma, zvekutonga, uye zvekunyengera zvakanga zvakapararira kwazvo mumasinagoge ezuva racho. Mitezo yeidzi ungano itsva zvirokwazvo inofanira kuva yakaziva kuti yakanga ichirarama maererano ne“mutemo wevanhu vakasununguka”!
15. Ndedzipi dzakanga dziri dzimwe dzenhamburiko dzaSatani dzapakuvamba dzokushatisa ungano yechiKristu?
15 Zvisinei, Satani akanga achidisa kushatisa ungano yechiKristu kuvambira mukati, kungofanana nezvaakanga ashatisa rudzi rwaIsraeri. Muapostora Pauro akanyevera nezvevanhu vakaita samapere avo vaizo“taura zvinopesanisa” ndokudzvinyirira boka raMwari. (Mabasa 20:29, 30) Aifanira kurwisana nevaitendeutsira kuchiJudha, avo vaitsvaka kutsinhana rusununguko rusina kukwana rwemutemo waKristu nekuiswa muuranda hweMutemo waMosesi, uyo wakanga wazadzikwa muna Kristu. (Mateo 5:17; Mabasa 15:1; VaRoma 10:4) Pashure pekunge wekupedzisira wavaapostora afa, pakanga pasisinazve chinodzivisa kuramba kutenda kwakadaro. Naizvozvo ushati hwakava hwakapararira.—2 VaTesaronika 2:6, 7.
ChiKristudhomu Chinoshatisa Mutemo waKristu
16, 17. (a) Ushati hwakava namativii muchiKristudhomu? (b) Mitemo yeChechi yeKaturike yakatsigira sei murangariro wakamonyaniswa wevatano?
16 SenechiJudha, ushati hwakava nechinopfuura chimiro chimwe muchiKristudhomu. Ichowo chakava nyajambwa wedzidziso dzenhema netsika dzakashata. Uye nhamburiko dzacho dzokudzivirira boka racho papesvedzero dzokunze dzaiwanzobvumikisa kuva dzinoparadza zvisaririra zvipi nezvipi zvekunamata kwakachena. Mitemo yakaoma uye isiri yepaMagwaro yakawedzera.
17 Chechi yeKaturike yave iri hurusa mukuita uwandu hukuru hwemutemo wechechi. Mitemo iyi yaidzongonyedzwa zvikurukuru panhau dzine chokuita nevatano. Maererano nebhuku rinonzi Sexuality and Catholicism, chechi yakagamuchira uzivi hwechiGiriki hwechiStoiko, uhwo hwainyumwira zvimiro zvose zvemufarwa. Chechi yakasvika pakudzidzisa kuti mufarwa wose wevatano, kubatanidza uya wevatano yeroorano yenguva dzose, wakanga uri wekutadza. (Siyanisa naZvirevo 5:18, 19.) Vatano yaitaurwa kuva yekubereka, pasina chimwezve. Mutemo wechechi wakashora chimiro chipi nechipi chekudzivirira kubata pamuviri sechivi chakakomba zvikuru, pane dzimwe nguva uchida makore mazhinji echirango. Uyezve, vaprista vairambidzwa kuroora, murayiro wakaparira kuwedzera kukuru kwevatano isiri pamutemo, kubatanidza kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwevana.—1 Timotio 4:1-3.
18. Chii chakabva mukuwanda kwemitemo yechechi?
18 Sezvo mitemo yechechi yakawedzera, yakarongwa kuva mabhuku. Iwaya akavamba kuvanza uye kutsiva Bhaibheri. (Enzanisa naMateo 15:3, 9.) Kufanana nechiJudha, chiKaturike chaisavimba mabhuku enyika uye chairangarira mazhinji awo setyisidziro. Uyu murangariro wakakurumidza kupfuura nyevero ine mufungo yeBhaibheri panhau yacho. (Muparidzi 12:12; VaKorose 2:8) Jerome, mumwe munyori wechechi wezana ramakore rechina C.E., akataura, kuti: “Haiwa Ishe, kana ndikazova zvakare nemabhuku enyika kana kuti kuarava, ndakurambai.” Pashure penguva yakati, chechi yakavamba basa rekuongorora mabhuku—kunyange aye aive enhau dzenyika. Nokudaro nyanzvi yemitumbi yemuchadenga yezana ramakore rechi17 Galileo akatsiurwa nokuda kwekunyora kuti pasi rinotenderera zuva. Kuomerera kwechechi pakuva chiremera chokupedzisira pachinhu chiri chose—kunyange pamibvunzo yeunyanzvi hwemitumbi yemuchadenga—pakupedzisira zvaizoita kuti kutenda Bhaibheri kurerutswe.
19. Misha yemamongi yakatsigira sei udzori hwakaoma?
19 Kuita mitemo kwechechi kwakabudirira mumisha yemamongi, umo mamongi aizviparadzanisa amene nenyika ino kuti ararame mukuzviramba. Misha yemamongi yeKaturike mizhinjisa yakaomerera ku“Mutemo waMusande Benedict.” Abbot (zita rakawanwa mushoko rechiAramaiki nokuda kwa“baba”) aitonga nechiremera chakakwana. (Enzanisa naMateo 23:9.) Kana mumongi akagamuchira chipo kuvabereki vake, abbot aisarudza kana mumongi iyeye kana kuti mumwewo achifanira kuchigamuchira. Kunze kwekushora kutaura zvakaipa, mumwe mutemo wairambidza kurukuriranowo zvayo nemajee, uchiti: “Hakuna mudzidzi achataura zvinhu zvakadaro.”
20. Chii chinoratidza kuti chiPurotesitendi chakabvumikisawo kuva nyanzvi yeudzori husiri hwapaMagwaro?
20 ChiPurotesitendi, icho chakatsvaka kuchinja kunyanyisa kusiri kwapaMagwaro kwechiKaturike, chakakurumidza kuva nounyanzvi zvakaenzana pakuita mitemo yekuraira isina hwaro mumutemo waKristu. Somuenzaniso, muchinji mukuru John Calvin akasvika pakudanwa kuti “muiti wemutemo weChechi yakavandudzwa.” Aidzora Geneva nemitemo mizhinji yakakomba yakaitwa kuti iteererwe ne“Vakuru” vaiva ne“basa,” Calvin akadaro, “rokutarira upenyu hwemunhu ari wose.” (Siyanisa na2 VaKorinte 1:24.) Chechi yaidzora dzimba dzevaeni ndokudzora nhau dzekurukurirano dzaibvumirwa. Kwakanga kune zvirango zvakakomba zvemhosva dzakadai sekuimba nziyowo zvadzo kana kuti kutamba.b
Kudzidza Muzvikanganiso zvechiKristudhomu
21. Ndeipi yave iri migumisiro yose zvayo yechimiro chendangariro chechiKristudhomu choku‘pfuura zvinhu zvakanyora’?
21 Mirau yose iyi nemitemo yakashanda kudzivirira chiKristudhomu paushati here? Zvakapesana zvikuru! Nhasi chiKristudhomu chakakamuka kuva mazana emasekete, kuvambira pane ane rumano zvikurusa kusvikira kune emadiro zvikuru. Ose zvawo, munzira yakati, ‘akapfuura zvinhu zvakanyorwa,’ achibvumira kufunga kwemunhu kudzora boka ndokudzongonyedza mutemo waMwari.—1 VaKorinte 4:6.
22. Nei kutsauka kwechiKristudhomu kusina kureva kuguma kwemutemo waKristu?
22 Zvisinei, nhau yemutemo waKristu haisi ngwavaira. Jehovha Mwari haasati achizotongobvumira vanhuwo zvavo kuparadza mutemo waMwari. Mutemo wechiKristu unoshanda zvikuru nhasi pakati pavaKristu vechokwadi, uye ivava vane ropafadzo huru yokurarama maererano nawo. Asi pashure pekunzvera izvo chiJudha nechiKristudhomu zvakaita nemutemo waMwari, tingashamisika zvikuru kuti, ‘Tinorarama sei maererano nemutemo waKristu tichidzivisa musungo wekushatisa Shoko raMwari nekurangarira kwemunhu nemitemo inosekesa revo imene yemutemo waMwari? Murangariroi wakadzikama uyo mutemo waKristu unofanira kuroverera matiri nhasi?’ Nyaya inotevera ichakurukura mibvunzo iyoyi.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a VaFarise vakaparira zvikuru chimiro chechiJudha chiriko nhasi, naizvozvo hakushamisi kuti chiJudha chichiri kutsvaka mabudire muganhuriro dzacho zhinji dzakawedzerwa dzeSabata. Somuenzaniso, mushanyi kune chimwe chipatara chechiJudha cheOrthodox paSabata angawana kuti chikwidzo chinongoerekana chamira pauriri huri hwose kuitira kuti vakwiri vagogona kudzivisa kuita “basa” rekutadza rekudzvanya bhatani rechikwidzo. Vamwe vanachiremba veOrthodox vanonyora mishonga neingi inopera mumazuva mashomanene. Nei? Mishnah inoronga kunyora se“basa,” asi inorondedzera “kunyora” sekusiya chiratidzo chinogara.
b Servetus, uyo akapokanidza mimwe yemirangariro yaCalvin yerudzidziso, akapiswa padanda semupanduki.
Ungapindura Sei?
◻ Ndechipi chiri chinokosha chimene chemutemo waKristu?
◻ Mutoo waJesu wokudzidzisa wakasiyana sei neuya wevaFarise?
◻ Satani akashandisa sei mudzimu wakaoma, wokuita mitemo kuti ashatise chiKristudhomu?
◻ Ndeipi iri mimwe migumisiro yakanaka yekurarama maererano nemutemo waKristu?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 16]
Jesu akashandisa Mutemo waMosesi nenzira ine mufungo uye nenzira ine ngoni