Zita Rokuti Jehovha Rinofanira Kuva muTestamende Itsva Here?

ZVINOKOSHA here kuti zita raMwari rive muBhaibheri? Zviri pachena kuti Mwari akaona zvichikosha. Zita rake, rinonyorwa nemavara mana echiHebheru anonzi Tetragrammaton, rinowanika ka7 000 mumagwaro okutanga echiHebheru ayo anowanzonzi Testamende Yekare.a

Nyanzvi dzeBhaibheri dzinobvuma kuti zita raMwari rinowanikwa muTestamende Yekare kana kuti muMagwaro echiHebheru. Zvisinei, vakawanda vanofunga kuti rakanga risingawaniki muzvinyorwa zvechiGiriki zvinozivikanwa seTestamende Itsva.

Saka, chii chinoitika kana munyori weTestamende Itsva akatora chikamu chemashoko chinenge chiine Tetragrammaton kubva muTestamende Yekare? Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai vashanduri vakawanda vanoshandisa shoko rokuti “Ishe” pane kushandisa zita raMwari chairo. Shanduro yeNyika Itsva yeMagwaro Matsvene haitevedzeri izvi zvinogara zvichiitwa. Inoshandisa zita rokuti Jehovha ka237 muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, kana kuti muTestamende Itsva.

Matambudziko api anotarisana nevashanduri veBhaibheri kana vosarudza kuti vangashandisa here zita raMwari muTestamende Itsva? Pane zvazvakanakira here kushandisa zita raMwari muchikamu ichi cheMagwaro Matsvene? Uye kushandiswa kwezita raMwari muBhaibheri kunokubatsirei?

Zvinyorwa zveTestamende Itsva zvatinazvo mazuva ano, hazvisi izvo zvokutanga. Zvinyorwa zvokutanga zvakanyorwa naMateu, Johani, Pauro nevamwewo zvakashandiswa chaizvo ndokubva zvakurumidza kusakara. Saka, mamwe makopi akaitwa uye iwayo paakasakarawo, pakaitwazve mamwe. Pazviuru zvemakopi eTestamende Itsva zviripo nhasi, zvakawanda zvacho zvakaitwa papfuura makore anenge mazana maviri pashure pokunge zvinyorwa zvokutanga zvanyorwa. Zvinoita sokuti panguva iyoyo vaikopa zvinyorwa izvi vangangodaro vaitsiva Tetragrammaton neshoko rechiGiriki, Kuʹri·os kana kuti Kyʹri·os, rinoreva kuti “Ishe,” kana kuti vakakopa zvinyorwa zvainge zvakatobvisa zita raMwari.b

Achiziva izvi, mushanduri anofanira kuona kuti pane uchapupu hunotsigira here kuti Tetragrammaton yaiwanikwa zvechokwadi muzvinyorwa zvokutanga zvechiGiriki. Pane uchapupu hwakadaro here? Chimbofunga nezvepfungwa dzinotevera:

• Jesu paaishandisa mashoko kana kuverenga kubva muTestamende Yekare, aishandisa zita raMwari. (Dheuteronomio 6:13, 16; 8:3; Pisarema 110:1; Isaya 61:1, 2; Mateu 4:4, 7, 10; 22:44; Ruka 4:16-21) Mumazuva aJesu nevadzidzi vake, Tetragrammaton yaiwanikwa mumagwaro echiHebheru echikamu chinowanzonzi Testamende Yekare, uye ichiri kuwanikwa nanhasi. Zvisinei, kwemazana emakore nyanzvi dzaifunga kuti Tetragrammaton yakanga isingawaniki muzvinyorwa zveshanduro yeGreek Septuagint yeTestamende Yekare uyewo muzvinyorwa zveTestamende Itsva. Zvadaro, pakati pezana remakore rechi20, chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa chakawanikwa nenyanzvi ndechokuti pakawanikwa zvidimbu zvekare-kare zveshanduro yeGreek Septuagint zvaivapo munguva yaJesu. Zvidimbu izvozvo zvine zita raMwari, rakanyorwa nemavara echiHebheru.

• Jesu aishandisa zita raMwari uye akaita kuti rizivikanwe. (Johani 17:6, 11, 12, 26) Akataura pachena kuti: “Ndakauya muzita raBaba vangu.” Akasimbisawo kuti mabasa ake ose aiaita “muzita raBaba [vake].” Kutaura chokwadi, zita raJesu chairo rinoreva kuti, “Jehovha Anoponesa.”—Johani 5:43; 10:25.

• Zita raMwari rakapfupiswa rinowanikwa muMagwaro echiGiriki. Pana Zvakazarurwa 19:1, 3, 4, 6, zita raMwari rinowanikwa mumashoko okuti “Hareruya.” Mashoko aya anoreva kuti, “Rumbidzai Jah, imi vanhu!” Jah, kupfupiswa kwezita rokuti Jehovha.

• Zvakanyorwa pakutanga nevaJudha zvinoratidza kuti vaKristu vechiJudha vaishandisa zita raMwari mune zvavainyora. The Tosefta, mitemo yaiita zvokutaurwa ikanyorwa pasi muna 300 C.E., nezvezvinyorwa zvevaKristu zvakapiswa paSabata inoti: “Mabhuku evaEvhangeri uye mabhuku evanhu vaifungidzirwa kuti vaiva vaKristu vechiJudha, vanoarega achitsva mumoto. Asi vanobvumirwa kuapisa, . . . iwo nemashoko anenge achitaura nezveZita raMwari.” The Tosefta inotaurawo mashoko aRabbi Yosé wokuGarireya, akararama zana remakore rechipiri C.E. richangotanga, achitaura kuti pamamwe mazuva epakati pevhiki “munhu anofanira kubvarura pane mashoko anotaura nezveZita raMwari [muzvinyorwa zvechiKristu] ochengeta zvaanenge abvarura uye opisa zvose zvinenge zvasara.” Saka, pane uchapupu hwakasimba hunoratidza kuti vaJudha vairarama muzana remakore rechipiri C.E. vaidavira kuti vaKristu vaishandisa zita raJehovha mune zvavainyora.

Shanduro yeNyika Itsva ndiro Bhaibheri chete rinodzorera zita raMwari panoshandurwa Magwaro echiGiriki here? Kwete. Maererano nouchapupu hwambotaurwa, vashanduri vemaBhaibheri vakawanda vakagumisa kuti zita raMwari rinofanira kudzorerwa kana vava kushandura Testamende Itsva.

Somuenzaniso, shanduro dzakawanda dzeTestamende Itsva dzokuAfrica, America, Asia, uye dzezvitsuwa zvePacific, dzinoshandisa zita raMwari kakawanda. (Ona chati iri papeji 21.) Dzimwe dzacho dzichangobva kushandurwa, dzakadai seBhaibheri rechiRotuman (1999), rinoshandisa zita rokuti Jihova ka51 mundima 48 dzeTestamende Itsva, uye Bhaibheri rechiBatak-Toba (1989) rokuIndonesia, rinoshandisa zita rokuti Jahowa ka110 muTestamende Itsva. Zita raMwari rakawanikawo mushanduro dzechiFrench, German, uye Spanish. Somuenzaniso, Pablo Besson akashandura Testamende Itsva achiisa muSpanish kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Shanduro yake inoshandisa zita rokuti Jehová pana Judha 14, uye kanoda kusvika ka100 mashoko omuzasi anotaura kuti zita raMwari ringave raishandiswa.

Pasi apa pane mienzaniso yeshanduro dzine zita raMwari muTestamende Itsva:

• The Holy Bible in Ndau, rakashandurwa neThe Bible Societies In Mozambique and Zimbabwe (1986)

• A Literal Translation of the New Testament . . . From the Text of the Vatican Manuscript, rakashandurwa naHerman Heinfetter (1863)

• The Emphatic Diaglott, rakashandurwa naBenjamin Wilson (1864)

• The Epistles of Paul in Modern English, rakashandurwa naGeorge Barker Stevens (1898)

• St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, rakashandurwa naW. G. Rutherford (1900)

• The Christian’s Bible—New Testament, rakashandurwa naGeorge N. LeFevre (1928)

• The New Testament Letters, rakashandurwa naJ.W.C. Wand, Bishop of London (1946)

Misi ichangobva kupfuura, Bhaibheri rakabudiswa muna 2004 reshanduro yakakurumbira yeNew Living Translation, rine mashoko ari mumashoko aro okusuma pasi pomusoro unoti, “Kushandura Mazita aMwari”: Tave tichishandura zvakafanana tetragrammaton (YHWH) tichiti ‘ISHE,’ tichishandisa mavara makuru anonyanyoshandiswa nevashanduri veChirungu. Izvi zvicharisiyanisa nezita rokuti ʹadonai, ratinoshandura tichiti ‘Ishe,’ nemavara maduku.” Zvadaro, rava kutaura nezveTestamende Itsva, rinoti: “Shoko rechiGiriki rokuti kurios rinoshandurwa zvakafanana kuti ‘Ishe,’ kunze kwepaya parinoshandurwa kuti ‘ISHE’ kana Testamende Itsva yava kutora zvakananga mashoko kubva muTestamende Yekare, apa ndipo parinenge rava kunyorwa nemavara makuru.” (Tisu tatsveyamisa mabhii.) Saka vashanduri veBhaibheri iri vanobvuma kuti Tetragrammaton (YHWH) inofanira kuratidzwa mundima idzi dzeTestamende Itsva.

Zvinotonakidza ndezvokuti pasi pomusoro unoti, “Tetragrammaton muTestamende Itsva,” rimwe duramanzwi reBhaibheri rinonzi The Anchor Bible Dictionary rinoti: “Pane uchapupu hunoratidza kuti Tetragrammaton, Zita raMwari, Yawe, raiwanika pane dzimwe ndima kana kuti dzose zvadzo dzeTestamende Yekare dzakatorwa mashoko neTestamende Itsva pakatanga kunyorwa Testamende Itsva.” Uye imwe nyanzvi inonzi George Howard inoti: “Sezvo Tetragram yakanga ichiri kunyorwa mumakopi eBhaibheri rechiGiriki [Septuagint] iro raiva neMagwaro aishandiswa nechechi yepakutanga, zvine musoro kudavira kuti vanyori veTestamende Itsva paivatora mashoko muMagwaro, vakashandisa Tetragram yaiva muBhaibheri.”

Saka zviri pachena kuti Shanduro yeNyika Itsva yakanga isiri Bhaibheri rokutanga kuva nezita raMwari muTestamende Itsva. Somutongi anodanwa kuti azopa mutongo panyaya isisina zvapupu zvipenyu, Dare reBhaibheri reShanduro yeNyika Itsva rakanyatsoongorora uchapupu hwose hwaidiwa. Richishandisa chokwadi, rakasarudza kushandisa zita raJehovha mushanduro yaro yeMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki. Ona zvikonzero zviviri zvakasimba zvinoratidza kuti nei rakadaro.

(1) Vashanduri vanodavira kuti sezvo Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki akafuridzirwa kuwedzera kuMagwaro echiHebheru matsvene, kungoerekana zita raJehovha risisipo hakuenderani nezvaigara zvichiitwa.

Nei zvine musoro kuti tidaro? Panenge pakati pezana remakore rokutanga C.E., mudzidzi Jakobho akati kuvakuru vaiva muJerusarema: “Simiyone akarondedzera kwazvo kuti Mwari kwenguva yokutanga akafunga nezvemamwe marudzi kuti atore maari vanhu vezita rake.” (Mabasa 15:14) Zvine musoro kwauri here kuti Jakobho aizotaura mashoko iwayo kudai pakanga pasina munhu aiziva kana kushandisa zita raMwari muzana remakore rokutanga?

(2) Pakawanika makopi eSeptuagint aishandisa zita raMwari akanga asingashandisi Kyʹri·os (Ishe), zvakava pachena kuvashanduri kuti muzuva raJesu makopi ose epakutanga eMagwaro echiGiriki pamwe chete neechiHebheru aiva nezita raMwari.

Zvinoita sokuti tsika iyi isingakudzi Mwari yokubvisa zita rake kubva muzvinyorwa zvechiGiriki yakazovapo gare gare. Unofungei? Jesu nevaapostora vaizokurudzira tsika yakadaro here?—Mateu 15:6-9.

Chaizvoizvo, Magwaro pachawo ane mashoko anoita “sechapupu chakaona” kuti vaKristu vekare chokwadi vaishandisa zita raJehovha mune zvavainyora, kunyanya pavaishandisa ndima dzaibva muTestamende Yekare dzaiva nezita raMwari. Saka hapana mubvunzo kuti Bhaibheri reShanduro yeNyika Itsva rine zvikonzero zvakajeka zvokudzorera zita raMwari rokuti Jehovha, muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki.

Mashoko aya anokubatsira sei? Achitora mashoko muMagwaro echiHebheru, muapostora Pauro akayeuchidza vaKristu vomuRoma kuti: “Munhu wose anodana zita raJehovha achaponeswa.” Akabva abvunzazve kuti: “Vachadana sei pana iye wavasina kutenda maari? Uyewo, vachatenda sei maari iye wavasina kunzwa?” (VaRoma 10:13, 14; Joeri 2:32) Shanduro dzeBhaibheri dzinoshandisa zita raMwari pakakodzera dzinokubatsira kuti uswedere pedyo naMwari. (Jakobho 4:8) Chaizvoizvo kukudzwa kuti tibvumirwe kuziva uye kudana Mwari nezita rake rokuti Jehovha.