“Tichadyeiko?”

ZVOKUDYA uye zvokunwa—izvi zvaigara zvichitaurwa pamusoro pazvo nevanhu Jesu paaiita ushumiri hwake. Chishamiso chake chokutanga chaiva chokuchinja mvura kuiita waini, uye kaviri akaita kuti vanhu vakawanda vadye zvingwa zvishoma nehove vachikwana. (Mateu 16:7-10; Johani 2:3-11) Jesu akanga asingazivikanwi nokudya nevarombo chete asi aizivikanwawo nokudya nevapfumi. Kutaura zvazviri, vaivenga Jesu vakatomupomera kuti aikara uye aidhakwa. (Mateu 11:18, 19) Asi Jesu aisaita zvose izvi. Zvisinei, aiziva kuti zvokudya uye zvokunwa zvaikosheswa zvikuru nevanhu, uye akashandisa zvinhu izvi nounyanzvi mumienzaniso yezvidzidzo zvine chokuita nokunamata.—Ruka 22:14-20; Johani 6:35-40.

Ndezvipi zvokudya uye zvokunwa zvaidyiwa nevakawanda munguva yaJesu? Zvokudya zvacho zvaibikwa sei? Vaishanda zvakadini kuti vazvigadzire kuti zvidyiwe? Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi dzichakubatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani mamwe mashoko nezviitiko zviri muEvhangeri.

“Tipei Nhasi Zvokudya Zvedu Zvanhasi”

Jesu paakadzidzisa vadzidzi vake kunyengetera, akaratidza kuti zvaiva zvakarurama kukumbira Mwari kuti atipe zvatinoda muupenyu—“[zvokudya] zvedu zvanhasi.” (Mateu 6:11) Mumutauro wekutanga, shoko rakashandurwa kuti “zvokudya” rainyatsoreva kuti “chingwa.” Munguva yaJesu, chingwa chaikosha zvikuru pane zvavaidya zvokuti muchiHebheru nemuchiGiriki, mashoko okuti “kudya zvokudya” ainyatsoreva kuti “kudya chingwa.” Zviyo zvaishandiswa kugadzira chingwa, zvakadai segorosi nebhari, nezvimwewo zvakadai semaoats, sipereti, nemhunga, ndizvo zvainyanya kushandiswa nevaJudha vemuzana remakore rokutanga. Vatsvakurudzi vanofungidzira kuti munhu mumwe chete aidya makirogiramu 200 ezviyo pagore, zvichivapa hafu yesimba ravaida.

Chingwa chaigona kutengwa kumusika. Asi mhuri dzakawanda dzaizvibikira—basa raida simba rakawanda. Bhuku rinonzi Bread, Wine, Walls and Scrolls rinotsanangura kuti: “Sezvo zvakaoma kuchengeta furawa kwenguva yakareba isina kuipa, yaikuyiwa zuva nezuva nemadzimai.” Izvi zvaitora nguva yakawanda zvakadini? Munyori wacho anoti, “Muawa rimwe chete rokushanda zvakaoma munhu achikuya nemaoko, 1 kg yegorosi yaibudisa furawa isingapfuuri 0,8 kg. Sezvo munhu mumwe nomumwe aidya 0,5 kg pazuva, amai vemba vaifanira kushanda kwemaawa matatu vachikuya kuitira kuti furawa yacho ikwane mumhuri ine vanhu vashanu kana kuti vatanhatu.”

Chimbofunga nezvaMariya, amai vaJesu. Kuwedzera pamamwe mabasa ake epamba, aifanira kugadzira chingwa chaizokwana murume wake, vanakomana vashanu, uye vanasikana vaviri kana kupfuura. (Mateu 13:55, 56) Pasina mubvunzo, sezvaiitwa nevamwe vakadzi vechiJudha, Mariya aishanda nesimba kuti agadzire ‘zvokudya zvezuva iroro.’

“Uyai Musvusvure”

Jesu amutswa, akaenda kune vamwe vadzidzi vake mumwe musi ari mangwanani. Vadzidzi vacho vakanga vapedza usiku hwose vachiedza kubata hove asi hapana chavakanga vawana. Jesu akabva adana shamwari dzake dzakanga dzaneta, akati, “Uyai musvusvure.” Akabva avapa hove nyoro uye chingwa. (Johani 21:9-13) Kunyange zvazvo apa pari ipo chete muEvhangeri panotaurwa nezvekusvusvura, zvaive zvakajairika kuti mangwanani vanhu vadye chingwa, nzungu uye mazambiringa akaomeswa kana kuti maorivhi.

Zvakadini nokudya kwemasikati? Vanhu vanoshanda vaidyei? Bhuku rinonzi Life in Biblical Israel rinoti: “Zvaidyiwa masikati zvakanga zvisingabati ura, zvaisanganisira chingwa, zviyo, maorivhi, uye maonde.” Izvi ndizvo zvingave zvakatakurwa nevadzidzi pavaibva kuSikari pavakawana Jesu achitaura nemukadzi wechiSamariya patsime. “Yaiva awa inenge yechitanhatu,” kana kuti masikati, uye vadzidzi “vakanga vaenda muguta kunotenga zvokudya.”—Johani 4:5-8.

Manheru, mhuri dzaiungana kuti dzive nokudya kukuru kwezuva racho. Bhuku rinonzi Poverty and Charity in Roman Palestine, First Three Centuries C.E. parinotsanangura nezvokudya uku rinoti: “Vanhu vakawanda vaidya chingwa kana kuti bota rakabikwa nebhari, zviyo zvakasiyana-siyana nembesa, kana kuti apo neapo gorosi. Kakawanda vaisanganisa nemunyu uye mafuta kana kuti maorivhi, pane dzimwe nguva nemuto unotapira, uchi kana kuti zvinwiwa zvinogadzirwa nemuchero unotapira.” Paigona kuvawo nemukaka, chizi, miriwo, uye michero ichangotanhwa kana kuti yakaomeswa. Panguva iyoyo paiva nemhando 30 dzemiriwo—dzakadai sehanyanisi, gariki, radish, makarotsi uye makabheji—uye mhando 25 dzemichero, yakadai se- (1) maonde, (2) michero yemichindwe, uye (3) mapomegraneti, yairimwa munzvimbo iyoyo.

Fungidzira uchiona zvinhu izvi zviri patafura Jesu paaidya naRazaro nehanzvadzi dzake, Mariya naMarita, ari manheru. Iye zvino chinzwa kunhuwirira kwakazadza imba yacho Mariya paakazodza tsoka dzaJesu ne“nadhi chaiyo”—kunhuwirira kwezvokudya kuchivhengana nekwepefiyumu inodhura.—Johani 12:1-3.

“Kana Waita Mabiko”

Pane imwe nguva, paaidya “muimba yomumwe wevatongi vevaFarisi,” Jesu akadzidzisa vanhu vaivapo chidzidzo chinokosha. Akati: “Kana waita mabiko, koka varombo, mhetamakumbo, vanokamhina, mapofu; uye uchafara, nokuti havana chinhu chokukuripa nacho. Nokuti ucharipwa pakumuka kwevakarurama.” (Ruka 14:1-14) Kana muFarisi uyu akateerera zano raJesu, aizoisa zvokudya zvakaita sei pamabiko akadai?

Mupfumi aizoisa chingwa chemhando yepamusoro, chakabikwa chiine shepi dzakasiyana-siyana uye chakaiswa waini, uchi, mukaka, uye zvinonhuwirira. Bhata nechizi zvingangodaro zvaivawo patafura. Hapana mubvunzo kuti paivawo nemaorivhi achangotanhwa, kana kuti akachengetedzwa, kana mafuta emuorivhi. Maererano nebhuku rinonzi Food in Antiquity, “munhu wose aidya makirogiramu 20 emafuta emuorivhi pagore, uye mamwe aishandiswa pakuzora uye pamarambi.”

Kana muFarisi uyu aigara pedyo negungwa, zvimwe iye nevaenzi vake vaizodya hove dzichangobva kubatwa. Vaigara kure negungwa kazhinji vaizodya dzainge dzaiswa muvhiniga kana kuti munyu. Muridzi wemba aigona kupawo vaenzi vake nyama—chinhu chaisawanzoitirwa varombo. Kakawanda varombo vaipiwa mazai. (Ruka 11:12) Zvaidyiwa zvacho zvaigona kuwedzerwa zvinonhuwirira zvakadai semindi, dhiri, kumini, uye masitadhi. (Mateu 13:31; 23:23; Ruka 11:42) Pave paya vaenzi vangangodaro vaizoseredzera negorosi rakakangwa rakaiswa maarumondi, uchi uye zvinonhuwirira.

Vaiva pamabiko vangangodaro vaipiwa mazambiringa—achangotanhwa, akaomeswa, kana kuti waini. Zviuru zvezvisviniro zvaimboshandiswa zvakawanikwa muParestina, zvichiratidza kuti vanhu vakawanda vaifarira waini. Pane imwe nzvimbo muGibhiyoni, nyanzvi dzinoongorora matongo dzakaona nzvimbo 63 dzokuchengetera waini dzaigona kuchengeterwa marita 100 000 ewaini.

“Musambozvidya Mwoyo”

Sezvaunoverenga Evhangeri, ona kuti Jesu akataura kangani nezvokudya kana zvokunwa mumifananidzo yake kana kuti pakudzidzisa kwaaiita zvidzidzo zvinokosha paaidya. Kutaura zvazviri, Jesu nevadzidzi vake vaidya nokunwa zvikurukuru vaine shamwari dzepedyo, asi havana kunyanya kukoshesa zvinhu izvi muupenyu hwavo.

Jesu akabatsira vadzidzi vake kuti vaone zvakanaka kudya uye kunwa paakati: “Naizvozvo musambozvidya mwoyo muchiti, ‘Tichadyeiko?’ kana, ‘Tichanweiko?’ kana, ‘Tichapfekeiko?’ Nokuti zvose izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvinotsvakwa nemamwe marudzi nomwoyo wose. Nokuti Baba venyu vokudenga vanoziva kuti munoda zvinhu zvose izvi.” (Mateu 6:31, 32) Vadzidzi vacho vakagamuchira zano racho uye Mwari akavapa zvavaida. (2 VaKorinde 9:8) Ichokwadi kuti zvaunodya zvingave zvakasiyana nezvevaya vakararama muzana remakore rokutanga. Asi unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti achakupa zvaunoda kana ukaisa zvaanoda pakutanga muupenyu.—Mateu 6:33, 34.