Vanamukoti—Nei Tichivada?
“Ukoti rimwe remabasa ounyanzvi akaoma zvikuru. Kunzwira tsitsi kungagona kutituma, asi zivo ndiro chete simba redu rinoshanda.”—Mary Adelaide Nutting, 1925, purofesa wokutanga wezvoukoti mupasi rose.
UKOTI huri nyore hwakatanga kare makore anosvika zviuru—kunyange munguva inotaurwa muBhaibheri. (1 Madzimambo 1:2-4) Kubvira kare, vakadzi vakawanda vakakurumbira vakatarisira vanorwara. Somuenzaniso, funga nezvaElizabeth wokuHungary (1207-31), mwanasikana waMambo Andrew II. Akaronga kugoverwa kwezvokudya panguva yenzara muna 1226. Pashure paizvozvo, akaronga kuti zvipatara zvivakwe, uye akatarisira vane maperembudzi imomo. Elizabeth akafa pazera remakore 24 bedzi, apedza nguva zhinji youpenyu hwake hupfupi achitarisira vanorwara.
Hazvibviri kutaura nezvenhau youkoti pasina kutaura nezvaFlorence Nightingale. Neboka ravanamukoti 38, mukadzi uyu akashinga wechiRungu akarongazve chipatara chemauto paScutari, musha weConstantinople, panguva yeHondo yokuCrimea ya1853-56. Paakasvika ikoko, mwero wokufa kwevanhu wakanga uchida kusvika 60 muzana; paakabva muna 1856, wakanga wava pasi pe2 muzana.—Ona bhokisi riri papeji 22.
Chimwe chakachinja zvoukoti zvikuru yaiva Institution of Protestant Deaconesses paKaiserswerth, kuGermany, kwakadzidza Nightingale asati aenda kuCrimea. Nokufamba kwenguva, mamwe mapoka oukoti akakurumbira akatanga. Somuenzaniso, muna 1903, Agnes Karll akatanga Professional Organization for German Nurses.
Nhasi, vanamukoti vanoumba boka renyanzvi rinonzi rakakura zvikuru kudarika mamwe ose mugadziriro yedu yezvoutano. Sangano Routano Pasi Pose (World Health Organization) rinoshuma kuti pari zvino kune vanamukoti navananyamukuta vanopfuura 9 000 000 vari kushanda munyika 141. Uye ibasa rinokosha zvakadini ravanoita! The Atlantic Monthly inoti vanamukoti “vanobatanidza kutarisira, zivo, uye kuvimba kunokosha pakupora kwevarwere.” Nokudaro, tinogona kubvunza zvakarurama nezvevanamukoti kuti, Taizoitei dai vasipo?
Basa Romukoti Pakupora
Imwe enisaikoropidhiya inorondedzera ukoti so“mutoo uyo murwere anobatsirwa nawo nomukoti kupora paurwere kana kuti kukuvara, kana kuti kuwanazve rusununguko rukuru sezvinobvira.”
Chokwadi, zvakawanda zvinobatanidzwa mumutoo iwoyo. Zvinopfuura kungoitawo miitiro yokuongorora, yakadai sokuongorora kurova kwemwoyo uye kufamba kweropa. Mukoti anoita basa rinokosha pakupora kwomurwere. Maererano neThe American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine, “mukoti ane hanya zvikuru nezvose zvinoitwa nomurwere nemhaka yourwere hwake panzvimbo pourwere hwacho pachahwo, uye akazvipira kudzora kurwadziwa, uye kupedza kutambudzika kwepfungwa, uye pazvinokwanisika, kudzivisa zvimwe zvirwere zvingamuka.” Uyezve, mukoti anopa “tarisiro yokunzwisisa, inosanganisira kuteerera nokushivirira kufunganya nokutya, uye kupa kutsigira mupfungwa nokunyaradza.” Uye enisaikoropidhiya iyi inoti kana murwere ava kufa, basa romukoti ndero“kubatsira murwere kusangana norufu asina kunyanya kupera mwoyo uye aine chiremera sezvinokwanisika.”
Vanamukoti vakawanda vanoita zvakawanda kupfuura zvavanotarisirwa kuita pabasa. Somuenzaniso, Ellen D. Baer akanyora nezvezvakaitika kwaari paMontefiore Medical Center muNew York City. Akanga asingadi kungokurumidzisa basa rake ramangwanani nechikwata chokuvhiya. “Ndaida kugara nevarwere,” akanyora kudaro. “Ndaida kushanda navo pakufema kwavo, kuvabatsira kufamba-famba, kuchinja mabhandeji zvakanaka, kupindura mibvunzo yavo, kuvatsanangurira zvinhu, uye kunyaradza munhu mumwe panguva. Ndaida kuva pedyo uye kutanga ushamwari nevarwere.”
Hapana mubvunzo kuti chero upi akapedza nguva ari muchipatara achirwara anogona kuyeuka mukoti ainzwira tsitsi akanga achida kuita sezvataurwa izvi. Asi chii chinodiwa kuti uve mukoti ane unyanzvi?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 19]
Florence Nightingale
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Courtesy National Library of Medicine