Nyika iri Kupererwa Nemvura Here?
“Kukwanisa kuwana mvura yakachena, isina kusviba uye inokwana chinhu chinokosha kuti tirarame, tigare zvakanaka uye tivandudzike mune zvoupfumi. Asi tiri kuramba tichiita sokuti kune mafasha-fasha asingaperi emvura yakachena. Hazvina kudaro.”—KOFI ANNAN, MUNYORI MUKURU WESANGANO ROMUBATANIDZWA WENYIKA DZEPASI POSE.
MASIKATI omusi weChina woga woga kwemakore chiuru adarika, rimwe dare rave richiungana muguta rokuSpain reValencia. Basa raro nderokugadzirisa makakatanwa ane chokuita nemvura.
Varimi vanogara mubani rakaorera reValencia vanoita zvokudiridza, uye kudiridza kunoda mvura yakawanda—nguva dzose yave iri shoma munharaunda iyi yeSpain. Varimi vacho vanogona kutsvaka rutsigiro rwedare rinoona nezvemvura chero pavanofunga kuti havasi kuwana yakakwana. Makakatanwa pamusoro pemvura haasi matsva, asi haawanzogadziriswa zvakanaka sezvaanoitwa muValencia.
Anenge makore 4 000 akapfuura, kupopotedzana kukuru kwakatanga pakati pevafudzi pamusoro pokushandisa tsime raiva pedyo neBeeri-sheba muIsraeri. (Genesi 21:25) Uye zvinetso zvemvura muMiddle East zvakatowedzera kubvira ipapo. Vatungamiriri vaviri vakakurumbira vomunzvimbo yacho vakati mvura ndiyo imwe nhau ingangoita kuti vatange hondo nenyika yakavakidzana nayo.
Munyika dzepasi dzinonaya mvura shoma, mvura yagara ichiita kuti pave nokusanzwisisana. Chikonzero chacho chiri pachena: Mvura inokosha kuti tirarame. Sezvakataurwa naKofi Annan, “mvura yakachena inokosha: hatigoni kurarama kana isipo. Haigoni kutsiviwa. Uye inokurumidza kushatiswa: mabasa evanhu ane zvakakura zvaanoita pauwandu nokuchena kwemvura iripo.”
Zvisina kumboitika kare, uwandu nokuchena kwemvura yepasi redu zviri pangozi. Hatifaniri kunyengedzwa nedzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika dzine mvura yakawanda.
Madhamu ari Kupwa
“Chimwe chinhu chisinganzwisisiki zvikuru chatinoita ndechokuti tinokoshesa zvinhu pazvinenge zviri zvishoma chete,” anodaro Elizabeth Dowdeswell, Mutevedzeri Womunyori Mukuru weUN. “Tinoona kukosha kwemvura painopera chete. Uye matsime ari kuoma kwete chete munzvimbo dzisinganayi mvura asiwo munharaunda dzisingawanzoshayikwa mvura.”
Zvinosuruvarisa kuti vaya vanoshaya mvura zuva nezuva ndivo vanonyatsonzwisisa chinetso chacho. Asokan, mushandi womuhofisi muMadras, kuIndia, anofanira kukurumidza kumuka nemaawa maviri kunze kuchakasviba mangwanani oga oga. Anoenda papombi inoshandiswa nevoruzhinji, paanofamba maminitsi mashanu, akatakura migomo mishanu. Sezvo mvura ichiwanikwa pakati pa4:00 na6:00 magwanani, anofanira kukurumidza kuva pamutsetse. Mvura yaanoenda nayo kumba mumigomo yake inofanira kushandiswa kwezuva rose. Vamwe vanhu vokuIndia vakawanda—uye vamwe vanhu bhiriyoni pasi pose—vanototi uyu ari nani. Havana pombi, rwizi, kana tsime pedyo nomusha wavo.
Abdullah, mukomana anogara mudunhu reSahel muAfrica, ndiye mumwe waivava. Chikwangwani chomumugwagwa chinozivisa musha wake muduku chinourondedzera senzvimbo yakasvibira inozorodza; asi mvura yacho yakanyangarika kare kare, uye hapana kana kamuti zvako. Abdullah ane basa rokuchera mvura yemhuri patsime riri kure neinopfuura kiromita.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi, mvura yakachena yava shoma pane inodiwa yacho. Chikonzero chacho chiri pachena: Vanhu vakawanda vanogara munzvimbo dzisinganayi mvura kana kuti dzinonaya mvura shoma, uko mvura yave ichishayikwa kwenguva refu. (Ona mepu iri papeji 19.) Maererano neStockholm Environment Institute, chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevagari vepasi chinotogara munharaunda dzinowanikwa mvura shoma kana kuti dzisina zvachose. Uye kudiwa kwemvura—kwakawedzera zvinopfuura kuwedzera kwevanhu zvakapetwa kaviri.
Asi, mvura inowanikwa haigoni kuwedzerwa. Matsime akadzika matsva nemadhamu zvingamboti pedzei chinetso, asi uwandu hwemvura inonaya pasi pano nehwemvura iri pasi pevhu hunoramba hwakangodaro. Nokudaro, vanamazvikokota vezvemamiriro okunze vanofungidzira kuti mumakore 25, uwandu hwemvura inokwanisa kuwanikwa nomunhu mumwe nomumwe pasi pano hunogona kukamurwa nehafu.
Zvinoitika Kuutano Nezvokudya
Kushayikwa kwemvura kunoitei pavanhu? Chokutanga, kunokuvadza utano hwavo. Hakusi kuti vanofa nenyota; asi kusviba kwemvura yokubikisa neyokunwa kungavaita kuti varware. Elizabeth Dowdeswell anoti “inenge 80 muzana yehosha dzose uye chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenzufu dzose munyika dzichiri kubudirira zvinokonzerwa nemvura yakasviba.” Munyika dzichiri kubudirira dzinonaya mvura shoma, mvura inosvibiswa netsvina yevanhu kana yemhuka, mishonga yokuuraya zvipukanana, fetiraiza, kana kuti makemikari omumaindasitiri. Mhuri ine urombo ingasava nechimwe chokuita asi kutoshandisa mvura yakasviba yakadaro.
Sokungoda mvura yakawanda kunoita miviri yedu kuti ibvise zvinhu zvisingadiwe, mvura yakawanda inodiwa pakuraswa kwetsvina kwakafanira—mvura iyo vanhu vakawanda vasingatombowani. Nhamba yevanhu vasina masiweji okurasa tsvina yakakwira kubva pamabhiriyoni 2,6 muna 1990 kusvikira pamabhiriyoni 2,9 muna 1997. Vanenge hafu yevanhu vanogara pasi pano. Uye nhau youtsanana ndeyoupenyu norufu. Vakuru vakuru veSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose Carol Bellamy naNitin Desai vakanyevera kuti: “Vana pavanoshaya mvura yakakodzera yokunwa uye yokugeza tsvina, zvose zvine chokuita noutano hwavo nokukura zviri pangozi.”
Kugadzirwa kwezvokudya kunoda mvura. Zvechokwadi, zvirimwa zvakawanda zvinodiridzwa nemvura inonaya, asi munguva ichangopfuura kudiridza kwazova kunokosha pakugovera zvokudya kuvagari vepasi vari kuramba vachiwedzera. Nhasi 36 muzana yezvinokohwewa pasi pose zvinoita zvokudiridzwa. Asi nhamba yepamusorosoro yeminda yose inoita zvokudiridzwa yakasvikwa makore 20 adarika, uye yave ichiderera zvishoma nezvishoma kubvira ipapo.
Kana mvura yakawanda ichibuda mupombi yose iri mumusha wedu uye kana tiine chimbudzi chakachena chinonyatsorasa tsvina yose, zvingava zvakaoma kubvuma kuti nyika iri kupererwa nemvura inonyatsokwana. Zvisinei, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti 20 muzana chete yevanhu ine zvinhu izvozvo zvomutambarakede. MuAfrica vakadzi vakawanda vanopedza anosvika maawa matanhatu pazuva vachichera mvura—uye kakawanda kacho yakasviba. Vakadzi ava vanonyatsonzwisisa zvakajeka chokwadi chokuti: Mvura yakachena, isina kusvibiswa iri kupera, uye iri kuramba ichipera.
Unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu hungagadzirisa chinetso chacho here? Mvura inogona kuchengetedzwa here? Mvura yose yakaenda kupi? Nyaya dzinotevera dzichapindura mibvunzo iyi.
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]
KUNE MVURA YAKACHENA
Inenge 97 muzana yemvura iri mumakungwa uye ine munyu wakawandisa zvokuti haishandiswi pakunwa, pakurima, uye pakugadzira zvinhu.
Inenge 3 muzana yemvura yose pasi pano ndiyo chete yakachena. Asi, yakawanda yacho haiwaniki zviri nyore, sezviri kuratidzwa.
[Mufananidzo]
(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
Matombo echando nesinou 68,7%
Mvura yepasi pevhu 30,1%
Mvura yakaoma kuita chando, chando chepasi pevhu 0,9%
Madhamu, nzizi, uye matoro 0,3%
[Bhokisi riri papeji 21]
DAMBUDZIKO REMVURA
◼ KUSVIBISWA MuPoland 5 muzana chete yemvura yomunzizi yakakodzera kunwiwa, uye 75 muzana yakasviba kunyange kuti ishandiswe mumaindasitiri.
◼ MVURA YOMUMAGUTA MuMexico City, guta rechipiri pakukura pasi pose, mwero wemvura iri pasi pevhu, unogovera 80 muzana yemvura yomuguta racho uri kuramba uchidzikira nokukurumidza. Mvura inonaya ishoma ne50 muzana pane iri kushandiswa. Beijing, guta guru reChina, rinewo chinetso chakadaro. Zvisipiti zvayo zvepasi zvine mvura zvakadzikira neinopfuura mita imwe pagore, uye tsime rimwe chete pamatatu oga oga rakaoma.
◼ KUDIRIDZA Chisipiti chikuru chepasi chinonzi Ogallala muUnited States chakapera zvokuti nzvimbo inoita zvokudiridzwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweTexas yava duku nechikamu chimwe muzvitatu nemhaka yokushayikwa kwemvura. China neIndia, nyika dziri munzvimbo yechipiri neyechitatu pakurima zvokudya munyika yose, dziri kutarisanawo nedambudziko rakadaro. Muruwa rwokumaodzanyemba kweIndia rweTamil Nadu, kudiridza kwakakonzera kuti mwero wemvura iri pasi pevhu uderere nemamita 23 mumakore gumi.
◼ NZIZI DZIRI KUNYANGARIKA Munguva yakunenge kusinganayi, rwizi rukuru rweGanges haruchasviki kunyanza, sezvo mvura yarwo ichitsaudzirwa isati yasvika ikoko. Izvi ndizvo zviri kuitikawo kuColorado River muNorth America.
[Mepu iri papeji 19]
(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
NZVIMBO DZINE MVURA SHOMA
Nzvimbo dzine mvura shoma