So Ɛyɛ Bible Ɔkyerɛkyerɛ Pefee?

SƐ BAASAKORO no yɛ nokware a, anka ɛsɛ sɛ wɔka ho nsɛm pii pefee wɔ Bible no mu. Dɛn ntia? Efisɛ, sɛnea asomafo no sii so dua no, Bible no yɛ ɔkwan a Onyankopɔn nam so yi ne ho adi kyerɛ adesamma. Na esiane sɛ ɛho hia sɛ yehu Onyankopɔn na yɛatumi asom no yiye nti, ɛsɛ sɛ Bible no ka onii ko a ɔyɛ no ho asɛm kyerɛ yɛn pefee.

Afeha a edi kan gyidifo gyee Kyerɛwnsɛm no toom sɛ Onyankopɔn adiyi a ɛyɛ nokware. Na ɛne wɔn gyidi nnyinaso, tumi a etwa to. Sɛ nhwɛso no, bere a ɔsomafo Paulo kɔkaa asɛm kyerɛɛ nnipa a na wɔwɔ Beroia kurow mu no, “woyii wɔn yam pefee gyee asɛm no, na daa wɔhwehwɛ kyerɛwsɛm no mu sɛ nneɛma no te saa anaa.”—Asomafo no Nnwuma 17:10, 11.

Dɛn na Onyankopɔn nnipa atitiriw de dii dwuma sɛ tumi a wogyinaa so saa bere no? Asomafo no Nnwuma 17:2, 3 ka kyerɛ yɛn sɛ: “Sɛnea Paulo taa yɛ no, . . . ɔne wɔn kɔkaa kyerɛwsɛm no ho asɛm; [ofi Kyerɛwnsɛm no mu] kyerɛkyerɛɛ mu dii ho adanse.”

Yesu ankasa yɛɛ nhwɛso wɔ Kyerɛwnsɛm no a ɔde dii dwuma sɛ nea ne nkyerɛkyerɛ gyina so no mu, na na ɔtaa ka sɛ: “Wɔakyerɛw sɛ.” ‘Ɔkyerɛɛ wɔn kyerɛw nyinaa mu nsɛm a ɛfa ne ho ase.’—Mateo 4:4, 7; Luka 24:27.

Enti Yesu, Paulo, ne afeha a edi kan gyidifo no de Kyerɛwnsɛm no dii dwuma sɛ wɔn nkyerɛkyerɛ fapem. Na wonim sɛ “Kyerɛw nyinaa fi Onyankopɔn home mu, na eye ma ɔkyerɛkyerɛ, ntɛnyi, nteɛso, ne trenee mu yɛn. Na Onyankopɔn nipa ayɛ pɛ a wɔasiesie no koraa ama nnwuma pa nyinaa.”—2 Timoteo 3:16, 17; hwɛ 1 Korintofo 4:6; 1 Tesalonikafo 2:13; 2 Petro 1:20, 21 nso.

Esiane sɛ Bible no betumi ‘atoto nneɛma yiye’ nti, ɛsɛ sɛ ɛda asɛm a ɛyɛ titiriw sɛnea wɔkyerɛ sɛ Baasakoro no yɛ no ho nsɛm adi pefee. Nanso so nyamekyerɛfo ne abakɔsɛm akyerɛwfo ankasa ka sɛ ɛyɛ Bible kyerɛkyerɛ pefee?

So “Baasakoro” wɔ Bible Mu?

PROTESTANTFO nhoma bi kyerɛ sɛ: “Asɛmfua Baasakoro no nni Bible mu . . . Annya ɔfã titiriw biara wɔ asɔre nyamekyerɛ mu besi afeha 4 no mu.” (The Illustrated Bible Dictionary) Na Katolek ɔkyerɛwfo bi se Baasakoro no “nhyɛ da nyɛ . . . Onyankopɔn Asɛm tee.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia.

The Catholic Encyclopedia nso ka sɛ: “Asɛmfua biara nni Kyerɛwsɛm mu a wɔde ka ɔsoro nnipa baasa no ho asɛm sɛ wɔbom. Yehu asɛmfua τρίας [tri΄as] (a ɛno mu na wɔkyerɛ Latin trinitas ase fi) no nea edi kan wɔ Teofilo a ofi Antiokia no nkyerɛwee mu bɛyɛ Y. B. 180 mu. . . . Ɛno akyi bere tiaa bi na epue sɛnea wɔka no Latin mu trinitas no wɔ Tertullian nkyerɛwee mu.”

Nanso, eyi nyɛ adanse bi ankasa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ Tertullian kyerɛkyerɛɛ Baasakoro. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Katolekfo nhoma Trinitas—A Theological Encyclopedia of the Holy Trinity kyerɛ sɛ akyiri yi afoforo de Tertullian nsɛm no mu bi dii dwuma de kyerɛkyerɛɛ Baasakoro mu. Afei ɛbɔ kɔkɔ sɛ: “Nanso wɔrentumi nnya nsɛm a wɔde ba awiei ahopere mu mfi sɛnea ɔde dii dwuma no mu, efisɛ ɔmfa nsɛm no nka Baasakorofo nyamekyerɛ ho asɛm.”

Hebri Kyerɛwnsɛm no mu Adanse

BERE a wonhu asɛm “Baasakoro” no wɔ Bible mu no, so anyɛ yiye koraa no, wɔnkyerɛkyerɛ Baasakoro ho adwene pefee wɔ mu? Sɛ nhwɛso no, dɛn na Hebri Kyerɛwnsɛm (“Apam Dedaw”) no da no adi?

The Encyclopedia of Religion gye tom sɛ: “Nyamekyerɛfo a wɔwɔ hɔ nnɛ adwene hyia sɛ Baasakoro kyerɛkyerɛ nni Hebri Bible Kyerɛwnsɛm no mu.” Na New Catholic Encyclopedia nso se: “Wɔnkyerɛkyerɛ Baasakoro Kronkron kyerɛkyerɛ no wɔ Apam Dedaw no mu.”

Ɔkwan a ɛte saa ara so no, Jesuitni Edmund Fortman gye tom wɔ ne nhoma The Triune God no mu sɛ: “Apam Dedaw no . . . nka Baasakoro Nyankopɔn bi a ɔyɛ Agya, Ɔba, ne Honhom Kronkron ho asɛm pefee anaasɛ ɔkwan bi a ɛkyerɛ saa so . . . Adanse biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔkyerɛwfo kronkron bi de n’ani buu wɔ a [Baasakoro] bi wɔ hɔ wɔ Onyamesu bi mu mpo . . . Sɛ wobehu nnipa bi a wɔyɛ baasakoro ho nyansahyɛ anaa sunsuma anaa ‘sɛnkyerɛnne a wɔakata so’ mpo wɔ [“Apam Dedaw”] no mu no yɛ akyerɛwfo kronkron no nsɛm ne wɔn adwene a wɔatra.”—Yɛn na yɛde nkyerɛwde soronko akyerɛw afa bi no.

Sɛ wohwehwɛ Hebri Kyerɛwnsɛm no ankasa mu a, wubehu sɛ nsɛm yi te saa. Enti, Baasakoro ho nkyerɛkyerɛ pefee biara nni Bible nhoma 39 a edi kan a ɛka bom yɛ Hebri Kyerɛwnsɛm a efi honhom mu no nkyerɛwee a wogye tom sɛ ɛyɛ nokware no mu.

Hela Kyerɛwnsɛm no mu Adanse

WIƐ, ɛnde, so Kristofo Hela Kyerɛwnsɛm (“Apam Foforo”) no ka Baasakoro no ho asɛm pefee?

The Encyclopedia of Religion se: “Nyamekyerɛfo gye tom sɛ wɔnkyerɛkyerɛ Baasakoro kyerɛkyerɛ no mu pefee wɔ Apam Foforo no nso mu.”

Jesuitni Fortman kyerɛ sɛ: “Apam Foforo akyerɛwfo no . . . mma yɛn Baasakoro nkyerɛkyerɛ a wɔahyɛ da de asi hɔ anaasɛ wɔahyehyɛ biara, ɔkyerɛkyerɛ pefee a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔsoro nnipa baasa a wɔyɛ pɛ ka bom yɛ Onyankopɔn biako biara nnim. . . . Yenhu Baasakoro kyerɛkyerɛ a ɛfa ɔsorofo baasa a ɛsono wɔn mu biara ne wɔn dwumadi a wɔwɔ Onyamesu koro no ara mu wɔ baabiara.”

The New Encyclopædia Britannica kyerɛ sɛ: “Asɛm Baasakoro anaasɛ ɔkyerɛkyerɛ no a emu da hɔ biara mpue wɔ Apam Foforo no mu.”

Bernhard Lohse ka wɔ A Short History of Christian Doctrine mu sɛ: “Wɔ Apam Foforo no mu de, obi nhu Baasakoro nkyerɛkyerɛ pɔtee biara wom.”

The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology ka saa ara sɛ: “Sɛ ɛyɛe a Baasakoro nkyerɛkyerɛ no bae no nni Apam Foforo no mu. [Protestantni nyamekyerɛfo Karl Barth kae sɛ] ‘nea wɔpae mu ka pɔtee sɛ Agya, Ɔba, ne Honhom Kronkron yɛ pɛ no nni Bible mu.’”

Yale Sukuupɔn mu ɔkyerɛkyerɛfo E. Washburn Hopkins si so dua sɛ: “Ɛda adi yiye sɛ na Yesu ne Paulo nnim Baasakoro kyerɛkyerɛ no; . . . wɔnka ho hwee.”—Origin and Evolution of Religion.

Abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Arthur Weigall ka sɛ: “Yesu Kristo anka adwene a ɛte saa ho asɛm da, na asɛm ‘Baasakoro’ no mpue wɔ Apam Foforo no mu. Asɔre no gyee nsusuwii no toom yɛn Awurade no wu akyi mfe ahasa nkutoo.”—The Paganism in Our Christianity.

Enti, Hebri Kyerɛwnsɛm mu nhoma 39 no anaasɛ Kristofo Hela Kyerɛwnsɛm mu nhoma 27 a efi honhom mu a ɛyɛ nokware no mfa Baasakoro ho nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛyɛ pefee biara mma.

So Tete Kristofo no Kyerɛkyerɛe?

SO TETE Kristofo no kyerɛkyerɛɛ Baasakoro no? Hyɛ nsɛm a abakɔsɛm akyerɛwfo ne nyamekyerɛfo aka a edidi so yi nsow:

“Na tete Kristosom nni Baasakoro ho nkyerɛkyerɛ a emu da hɔ biara sɛnea akyiri yi wɔkaa ho nsɛm pii wɔ gyidikasɛm ahorow mu no.”—The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology.

“Nanso, tete Kristofo no anni kan ansusuw ho sɛ wɔde [Baasakoro] nsusuwii no bɛka wɔn ankasa gyidi ho. Wɔde wɔn ho maa Agya Nyankopɔn ne Yesu Kristo, Onyankopɔn Ba no, na wogyee . . . Honhom Kronkron no toom; nanso na nsusuwii a ɛkyerɛ sɛ baasa yi yɛ Baasakoro ankasa, wɔyɛ pɛ na wɔaka abom ayɛ Biako biara nni hɔ.”—The Paganism in Our Christianity.

“Mfiase no na Kristofo gyidi nyɛ Baasakoro . . . Na ɛnte saa wɔ asomafo no ne wɔn a wodii asomafo no akyi mmere no mu, sɛnea ɛda adi wɔ Apam Foforo ne tete Kristofo nkyerɛwee afoforo mu no.”—Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics.

“Ná nhyehyɛe a ɛne sɛ ‘Nnipa baasa wɔ Onyame biako mu’ no nni nnyinaso pintinn, na ɛda adi sɛ ansa na afeha a ɛto so 4 reba awiei no, na enni Kristofo asetra ne gyidi mu. . . . Wɔ Asɔre Agyanom no mu no, na biribiara nni hɔ a ɛbɛn adwene anaa nsusuwii a ɛte saa no ho kakra biara mpo.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia.

Nea Agyanom a Wɔtraa Ase Ansa na Wɔreyɛ Nicaea Nhyiam no Kyerɛkyerɛe

NA WOBU Agyanom a wɔtraa ase ansa na wɔreyɛ Nicaea nhyiam no sɛ nyamesom akyerɛkyerɛfo atitiriw wɔ Kristo awo akyi mfehaha no mfiase. Nea wɔkyerɛkyerɛe no yɛ anigye.

Justin Martyr a owui bɛyɛ 165 Y.B. mu no frɛɛ Yesu a ɔtraa ase ansa na ɔrebɛyɛ ɔdesani no sɛ ɔbɔfo a wɔbɔɔ no na “ɔnyɛ Onyankopɔn a ɔyɛɛ ade nyinaa no.” Ɔkae sɛ na Yesu ba fam sen Onyankopɔn na “wanyɛ biribiara gye sɛ nea Ɔbɔadeɛ no . . . pɛ sɛ ɔyɛ na ɔka.”

Irenaeus a owui bɛyɛ 200 Y.B. mu no kae sɛ na ɛsono Yesu a ɔtraa ase ansa na ɔrebɛyɛ ɔdesani no wɔ Onyankopɔn ho na na ɔba fam sen no. Ɔkyerɛe sɛ Yesu ne “nokware Nyankopɔn Biako pɛ” a ɔyɛ “ade nyinaa so pumpuni a n’akyi no obi foforo biara nni hɔ” no nyɛ pɛ.

Clement a ofi Alexandria a owui bɛyɛ 215 Y.B. mu no frɛɛ Onyankopɔn sɛ “nokware Nyankopɔn koro pɛ a wɔammɔ no na ontumi nwu.” Ɔkae sɛ Ɔba no “di Agya a ɔno nkutoo na ɔyɛ ade nyinaa so tumfoɔ no akyi” na mmom ɔne no nyɛ pɛ.

Tertullian a owui bɛyɛ 230 Y.B. mu no kyerɛkyerɛe sɛ Onyankopɔn korɔn. Ɔkae sɛ: “Ɛnyɛ Agya no ne Ɔba (a ɔyɛ obi foforo) no, efisɛ ɔyɛ kɛse; efisɛ ɛsono obi a ɔwo ɔfoforo no wɔ nea ɔwo no no ho; obi a wɔsoma no yɛ soronko wɔ nea ɔsoma no no ho.” Ɔkae nso sɛ: “Bere bi bae a na Ɔba no nni hɔ. . . . Ansa na nneɛma nyinaa bɛba no, Onyankopɔn nkutoo na na ɔwɔ hɔ.”

Hippolytus a owui bɛyɛ 235 Y.B. mu no kae sɛ Onyankopɔn yɛ “Onyankopɔn biako, Nea odi kan na ɔno nkutoo na ɔwɔ hɔ, nnipa nyinaa Yɛfo ne wɔn Awurade” a “obiara ne no nyɛ pɛ [wɔ mfe mu] . . . Na mmom na ɔyɛ biako, ɔno nkutoo na ɔwɔ hɔ; ɔpɛ nti, ɔde wɔn a wonni baabiara baa asetra mu,” te sɛ Yesu a wɔbɔɔ no na ɔtraa ase ansa na ɔrebɛyɛ ɔdesani no.

Origen a owui bɛyɛ 250 Y.B. mu no kae sɛ “Agya no ne Ɔba no yɛ nneɛma ahorow abien . . . nneɛma abien wɔ wɔn su mu,” ne sɛ “sɛ wɔde [Ɔba no] toto Agya no ho a, ɔyɛ hann ketewaa bi koraa.”

Alvan Lamson rebɔ abakɔsɛm mu adanse no mua no, ɔkae wɔ The Church of the First Three Centuries no mu sɛ: “Nnɛyi Baasakoro kyerɛkyerɛ a agye din no nni akyigyina biara wɔ Justin [Matyr] kasa mu: na yebetumi atrɛw eyi a yɛka no mu ma aka Agyanom a wɔtraa ase ansa na wɔreyɛ Nicaea nhyiam no nyinaa; kyerɛ sɛ, Kristofo akyerɛwfo a wɔtraa ase Kristo awo akyi mfeha abiɛsa nyinaa ka ho. Ɛyɛ nokware sɛ wɔka Agya, Ɔba, ne . . . honhom kronkron ho asɛm, nanso ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔyɛ pɛ, ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔyɛ biako wɔ dodow mu, ɛnyɛ Baasa a wɔka bom yɛ Biako, ɛnyɛ sɛnea Baasakorofo gye tom nnɛ no mu biara mu. Nea ɛne no bɔ abira mmom na ɛyɛ nokwasɛm no.”

Enti, Bible no mu adanse ne abakɔsɛm ma emu da hɔ pefee sɛ na wonnim Baasakoro wɔ Bible mmere mu ne ɛno akyi mfehaha pii.

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 7]

“Adanse biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔkyerɛwfo kronkron bi de n’ani buu wɔ a [Baasakoro] bi wɔ hɔ wɔ Onyamesu bi mu mpo.”—The Triune God