Ingqopha-mlando Engokomoya!
Ukukhululwa Kwe-Nguqulo Yezwe Elisha YemiBhalo Engcwele NgesiZulu
NGOMHLA KA-29 November 2002, kwaqopheka umlando ongokomoya: Kwakhululwa Inguqulo Yezwe Elisha YemiBhalo Engcwele ngesiZulu.
INguqulo Yezwe Elisha manje isiyatholakala njengawo wonke amaBhayibheli osekuyisikhathi eside esetshenziswa abantu abesaba uNkuIunkulu eNingizimu Afrika. Nokho, kungani kube nesidingo senye inguqulo yeBhayibheli? Ihunyushwe obani? Futhi ungaqiniseka kanjani ukuthi INguqulo Yezwe Elisha ithembekile?
Kungani Ziziningi Kangaka Izinguqulo ZeBhayibheli?
Eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwakhishwa izinguqulo zeBhayibheli eziningi ezintsha. Ezinye izinguqulo ezintsha zenze iZwi likaNkulunkulu latholakala ngokokuqala ngqa ngezinye izilimi. Nokho, kukhona izinguqulo ezintsha eziphuma ngezilimi esezinawo kakade amaBhayibheli. Kwenziwa yini lokhu? Incwadi ethi So Many Versions?, kaSakae Kubo noWalter Specht, ithi: “Ayikho inguqulo yeBhayibheli okungathiwa eyokugcina. Izinguqulo zeBhayibheli kumelwe zihambisane nokukhula kolwazi lweBhayibheli nokuguquka kolimi.”
Kuleli khulu leminyaka elidlule kuye kwakhula kakhulu ukuqondwa kwezilimi iBhayibheli elalibhalwe ngazo ekuqaleni, isiHebheru, isi-Aramu nesiGreki. Futhi, kuye kwatholakala imibhalo yeBhayibheli yesandla emidala nenembe kakhulu kunaleyo eyayisetshenziswa abahumushi beBhayibheli bangaphambili. Ngakho, namuhla iZwi likaNkulunkulu lingahunyushwa ngokunembe kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili!
Lapho ikhuluma ngabanyathelisi abenza imali, i-Atlantic Monthly ithi: “Ukunyathelisa iBhayibheli kuyibhizinisi elenza izindodla zemali.” Futhi ngezinye izikhathi isifiso sokukhiqiza (iBhayibheli) elithengwa kakhulu sibonakala sikugqiba ukukhathalela ukunemba kwalo. Enye inguqulo entsha yeBhayibheli ize isuse izindima abanyathelisi bayo abazibheka ‘njengeziyisicefe.’ Enye ishintsha amagama noma amazwi okungenzeka angehli kahle kubafundi banamuhla. Ngokwesibonelo, izama ukuzenza ithandeke kubashisekeli bamalungelo abesifazane ngokubiza uNkulunkulu ngokuthi “uBaba-Mama.”
Ukufihla Igama LikaNkulunkulu
Mhlawumbe umkhuba okhathaza nakakhulu uhilela igama likaNkulunkulu—elithi Jehova. (Ezinye izazi zilihumusha ngokuthi “Yahweh.”) Emakhophini eBhayibheli asendulo, igama likaNkulunkulu libhalwa ngezinhlamvu ezine zesiHebheru ezingase zibhalwe ngokuthi YHWH noma JHVH. Leli gama okungelakhe yedwa livela izikhathi ezicishe zibe ngu-7 000 kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi iThestamente Elidala kuphela. (Eksodusi 3:15; IHubo 83:18) Kusobala-ke ukuthi uMdali wethu wayeqonde ukuba abakhulekeli bakhe balazi futhi balisebenzise lelo gama!
Nokho, emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, ukwesaba okubangelwa izinkolelo-ze kwenza amaJuda ayeka ukubiza igama likaNkulunkulu. Kamuva, leyo mibono esekelwe ezinkolelweni eziyize yangena nasebuKristwini. (Qhathanisa nezEnzo 20:29, 30; 1 Thimothewu 4:1.) Kwaba umkhuba ovamile ukuba abahumushi beBhayibheli basebenzise isiqu esithi “Nkosi” esikhundleni segama likaNkulunkulu. Namuhla, iningi lamaBhayibheli alinalo nhlobo igama likaNkulunkulu. Ezinye izinguqulo zanamuhla zamaBhayibheli esiNgisi zize ziyeke nokusebenzisa elithi “igama” kuJohane 17:6, lapho uJesu ethi khona: “Ngilibonakalisile igama lakho.” l-Today’s English Version ilihumusha kanje leli vesi: “Ngikwenze waziwa.”
Lizondelwani kangaka igama likaNkulunkulu? Cabanga ngalokho okwashiwo iphephabhuku i-Practical Papers for the Bible Translator. (Umqulu 43, inombolo 4, 1992) Leli phephabhuku likhishwa i-United Bible Societies (UBS), engumxhumanisi wengxenye enkulu yomsebenzi wokuhumusha iBhayibheli emhlabeni wonke. Esinye isihloko salo sathi: “Njengoba kusobala ukuthi elithi YHWH liyibizoqho, eqinisweni ukulibhala njengoba linjalo iyona ndlela enengqondo yokulihumusha.” Kodwa lesi sihloko saxwayisa: “Nokho, kunamaqiniso okufanele kubhekanwe nawo.”
Ayiqiniso kangakanani lawo “maqiniso”? Ngokwaleli phephabhuku, ezinye izazi zithi: “Uma siqhamuka negama elinjengelithi Yahweh [kubantu abangewona amaKristu], kungase kunikeze umqondo ongewona . . . , kusikisele ukuthi ‘uYahweh’ nguNkulunkulu wezinye izizwe, noma uNkulunkulu omusha nongaziwa, ohlukile kuNkulunkulu abamaziyo.” Nokho, iBhayibheli lifundisa ligcizelele ukuthi vele uJehova uNkulunkulu uhlukile konkulunkulu abakhulekelwa abantu abangewona amaKristu!—Isaya 43:10-12; 44:8, 9.
Ezinye izazi zithi, ngokusebenzisa isiqu esithi “NKOSI” esikhundleni segama likaNkulunkulu zimane nje zilandela isiko. Kodwa uJesu wakulahla ukulandelwa kwamasiko angamhloniphi uNkulunkulu. (Mathewu 15:6) Ngaphandle kwalokho, imiBhalo ayiwusekeli kwawona nje umqondo wokusebenzisa isiqu esikhundleni segama. UJesu Kristu uneziqu eziningi ezinjengesithi “uLizwi KaNkulunkulu” nesithi “iNkosi yamakhosi.” (IsAmbulo 19:11-16) Ingabe-ke sekufanele kusetshenziswe esinye salezi ziqu esikhundleni segama likaJesu?
Esinye isihloko kuleli phephabhuku esikhulume ngalo sithi: “Ngokuvamile indlela ethi ‘Jehova’ kufanele igwenywe.” Isizathu? “Izazi ngokuvamile zikholelwa ukuthi, ukuthi ‘Yahweh’ iyona ndlela efaneleka kangcono yokubhala lokho okwakuphimiselwa ekuqaleni.” Noma kunjalo, amagama avamile aseBhayibhelini anjengelithi Jeremiya, Isaya nelithi Jesu nawo abhalwa ngokuhluke ngokuphelele ezindleleni ayebizwa ngazo ngesiHebheru sakuqala (u-Yir-meyah’, u-Yesha-ya’hu no-Yehoh-shu’a). Njengoba indlela ethi “Jehova” kuyindlela eyamukelekayo yokubhala igama likaNkulunkulu—futhi yaziwa ngabantu abaningi—izizathu zokungayisebenzisi azizwakali. Ngempela, ukungathandi ukusebenzisa igama likaNkulunkulu kubonakala kusekelwe emizwelweni nasobandlululweni, hhayi olwazini.
Nokho, le ndaba ayihileli nje kuphela ulwazi oluphakeme. Ngokwesibonelo, umeluleki we-UBS eNdiya wabhala ngemiphumela yokususwa kwegama likaNkulunkulu ezinguqulweni elalivela kuzo ngaphambili. Uyavuma: “AmaHindu awasikhathalele isiqu sikaNkulunkulu; afuna ukwazi igama lakhe, futhi uma engalazi igama awakwazi ukuzihlobanisa nomninilo.” Empeleni kungashiwo okufanayo ngabo bonke abafuna uNkulunkulu. Ukwazi igama likaNkulunkulu kubalulekile ukuze siqonde ukuthi akawona amandla angeyena umunru, kodwa ungumuntu—othile esikwaziyo ukumazi. (Eksodusi 34:6, 7) Ngakho iBhayibheli lithi: “Wonke umuntu obiza igama likaJehova uyosindiswa.” (Roma 10:13) Abamkhulekelayo babophekile ukusebenzisa igama lakhe!
Inguqulo Edumisa UNkulunkulu
Ngakho kwaba isenzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando lapho ngo-1950 kukhishwa ngokokuqala INguqulo Yezwe Elisha YemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki ngesiNgisi. Eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela, kancane kancane kwakhishwa izingxenye zalokho okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi iThestamente Elidala, noma imiBhalo YesiHebheru. Ngo-1961 kwakhululwa iBhayibheli eliphelele ngesiNgisi eliwumqulu owodwa. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi i-New World Translation isebenzisa igama likaNkulunkulu elithi Jehova kuzo zonke izindawo ezicishe zibe ngu-7 000 elivela kuzo “eThestamenteni Elidala.” Okuphawuleka nakakhulu ukubuyisela kwayo igama likaNkulunkulu ezindaweni ezingu-237 “eThestamenteni Elisha,” noma emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki.
Ukubuyisela lelo gama akudumisi uNkulunkulu nje kuphela kodwa futhi kunikeza ukukhanya okusha ekuqondweni kwezinto. Ngokwesibonelo, izinguqulo eziningi zihumusha uMathewu 22:44 ngokuthi: “INkosi yathi eNkosini yami.” Kodwa ubani okhuluma nobani? l-New World Translation ihumusha leli vesi ngokuthi, “UJehova wathi eNkosini yami,” okuyingcaphuno enembile yeHubo 110:1. Kanjalo abafundi bayakwazi ukuwubona lo mehluko obalulekile phakathi kukaJe-hova uNkulunkulu neNdodana yakhe.
Ihunyushwe Obani?
I-New World Translation ikhishwa yi-Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, inhlangano engokomthetho emelela oFakazi BaJehova. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu le Nhlangano inyathelisa futhi isakaza amaBhayibheli emhlabeni wonke. Le nguqulo yethulwa eNhlanganweni yiqembu lamaKristu elaziwa ngokuthi iKomiti Yezwe Elisha Yokuhumusha IBhayibheli. Engafuni ukuvelela, amalungu ale komiti acela ukuba amagama awo ahlale engaziwa ngisho noma esashona.—Qhathanisa neyoku-1 Korinte 10:31.
Kodwa kungani le nguqulo yabizwa ngokuthi i-New World Translation? Lokhu kwabonisa ukuthi isintu ‘sesisemngceleni wezwe elisha’ elithenjiswe kweyesi-2 Petru 3:13. Njengoba nayo le komiti yabhala, phakathi nalesi “sikhathi sokusuka ezweni elidala,” kubalulekile ukuba izinguqulo zeBhayibheli zivumele “iqiniso elimsulwa leZwi likaNkulunkulu” likhanye.—Bheka iSandulela sohlelo luka-1950.
Inguqulo Enembile
Ngakho kwagcizelelwa kakhulu ukunemba. Abahumushi bohlelo lwesiNgisi babethathela ngokuqondile ezilimini zokuqala zesiHebheru, isi-Aramu nesiGreki, besebenzisa imibhalo engcono kunayo yonke eyayitholakala.a Kwakuqikelelwa ngendlela engavamile ukuba kuhunyushwe umbhalo wakudala ngokwezwi nezwi ngangokunokwenzeka—kodwa ngolimi olwaluzoqondwa kalula abafundi banamuhla.
Akumangalisi ukuthi ezinye izazi ziye zayitusa i-New World Translation ngokuthembeka nokunemba kwayo. Ngo-1989, uProfesa Benjamin Kedar, isazi sesiHebheru kwa-Israyeli wathi: “Lapho ngicwaninga izilimi ngokuqondene neBhayibheli lesiHebheru nezinguqulo zaso, ngivame ukubheka uhlelo lwesiNgisi lwalokho okuthiwa i-New World Translation. Lapho ngenza kanjalo, kuye kufakazeleke umuzwa enginawo wokuthi le nguqulo ibonisa umzamo oqotho wokuqonda umbhalo ngokunembe ngangokunokwenzeka.”
Ukuyihumushela Kwezinye Izilimi
Ngokufanelekayo-ke, i-Watch Tower Society iye yenza i-New World Translation yatholakala nangezinye izilimi ngaphandle kwesiNgisi. Kumanje nje inyatheliswa iphelele noma iyizingxenye ngezilimi ezingu-45. Ukuze yenze lo msebenzi ube lula, iNhlangano yasungula indlela yokuhumusha iBhayibheli ehlanganisa ukucwaningwa kwamagama eBhayibheli nobuchwepheshe bama-computer. INhlangano yamisa ne-Translation Services, manje esePatterson, eNew York, ukuze isize abahumushi. INdikimba Ebusayo YoFakazi Bakajehova iwuqondisa ngeso elibukhali umsebenzi wokuhumusha iBhayibheli isebenzisa iKomiti Yokubhala. Kodwa wenziwa kanjani nje ngempela lo msebenzi?
Okokuqala, kumiswa iqembu lamaKristu azinikezele ukuba lihumushe. Kuye kwabonakala ukuthi lapho abahumushi besebenza ndawonye njengeqembu kunokuba basebenze ngabodwa, kuphuma inguqulo engcono nezwakala kuwo wonke umuntu. (Qhathanisa nezAga 11:14.) Ngokuvamile, ilungu ngalinye leqembu lisuke linolwazi lokuhumusha izincwadi zeNhlangano. Iqembu libe selifundiswa ngokugcwele izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuhunyushwa kweBhayibheli nokusetshenziswa kwama-programme e-computer akhelwe lo msebenzi ngokukhethekile.
Leli qembu labahumushi liyalwa ukuba lihumushe iBhayibheli (1) ngokunembile, (2) ngokungaguquguquki, (3) ngokwezwi nezwi uma ulimi luvuma, kodwa (4) ngendlela ezoqondakala kalula kubantu abavamile. Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu? Thatha ngokwesibonelo leli Bhayibheli elisanda kukhululwa. Iqembu labahumushi laqala ngokukhetha amagama esiZulu ahumusha wonke amagama eBhayibheli ayinhloko akuyi-New World Translation yesiNgisi. I-computer yayenziwe ukuba iveze amagama esiNgisi aseBhayibhelini ahlobene nalawa namqondo-munye nawo. Yayiveza namagama esiGreki noma esiHebheru sakuqala okuthathelwe kuwo awesiNgisi ukuze umhumushi akwazi ukuhlola indlela lawo magama esiGreki noma esiHebheru ahunyushwe ngayo kwezinye izindawo. Konke lokhu kwasiza kakhulu ekukhetheni amagama esiZulu ahumusha awesiNgisi. Kwathi iqembu lingavumelana ngalawo magama, laqala ukuhumusha iBhayibheli, lisebenzisa i-computer ukuba iveze amagama esiZulu njengoba lihumusha ivesi ngalinye.
Nokho, ukuhumusha akukona nje ukufaka amagama athile esikhundleni samanye. Mkhulu umsebenzi okwakumelwe wenziwe ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi lawo magama esiZulu akhethiwe anikeza umqondo wemiBhalo onembile emongweni ngamunye. Kwadingeka nokuba kuqikelelwe ukuthi ulimi namazwi kuhlelwe kahle nangendlela engokwemvelo. Kuyazisho ukuthi mkhulu umsebenzi owenziwe kule nguqulo. Uhlelo lwesiZulu lwe-Nguqulo Yezwe Elisha luhumusha iZwi likaNkulunkulu ngendlela efundeka kalula, ecacile neqondakalayo futhi enamathela embhalweni wakudala.
Siyakukhuthaza ukuba uzihlolele ngokwakho INguqulo Yezwe Elisha YemiBhalo Engcwele. Ungayithola kubanyathelisi balo magazini noma ebandleni loFakazi BakaJehova elisendaweni yakini. Ungayifunda uqiniseka ukuthi iwadlulisela njengoba enjalo amazwi kaNkulunkulu ngolimi lwakho. Ngokuqinisekile uzovuma ngokushesha ukuthi ukukhululwa kwayo ngempela kuyingqopha-mlando engokomoya!
[Umbhalo waphansi]
a I-New Testament in the Original Greek, kaWestcott noHort, yayiwumbhalo wesiGreki oyisisekelo. l-Biblia Hebraica kaR. Kittel yayiwumbhalo oyisisekelo wemiBhalo yesiHebheru.
[Ibhokisi/Izithombe emakhasini 28]
Ezinye Zezici Zenguquko Yezwe Elisha
Amagama Acacile Nafundeka Kalula
Amavesi Ahlanganiswe Aba Izigaba: Kunokuba ivesi ngalinye libe isigaba esizimele, amavesi ahlanganiswe aba izigaba. Lokhu kusiza umfundi akwazi ukulandela umqondo wabalobi beBhayibheli.
Izihloko Zezindaba: Zivela phezulu cishe kuwo wonke amakhasi, zisiza ekutholeni ngokushesha izindaba zeBhayibheli.
Izikhombo: Ikhasi ngalinye linezikhombo ezikuyisa ezindimeni zeBhayibheli ezihlobene naleyo oyifundayo.
Ikhonkodensi: Kukhona ingxenye ngasekugcineni kweBhayibheli ebizwa ngokuthi “Izikhombo Zamagama AseBhayibhelini.” Kunohlu lwamagama akhethiwe namavesi atholakala kuwo eBhayibhelini, ngokuvamile ahambisana nengcaphuno emfushane ebonisa umongo.
Isithasiselo: Uchungechunge lwezihloko ezimfushane ezikhuluma ngezimfundiso eziyisisekelo zeBhayibheli nezindaba ezihlobene nazo.