Apo Makemikari Anokurwarisa

ZVINHU zvizhinji zvokusawirirana namakemikari akawanda-wanda (MCS) zvinonetsa kunzwisisa. Zvinonzwisisika kuti vezvokurapa havanyatsobvumirani pamusoro pezvakaita dambudziko racho. Vamwe vanachiremba vanodavira kuti MCS inokonzerwa nezvakaita muviri wake, vamwe vanodavira kuti inokonzerwa nemafungiro, uyewo vamwe vanoti inokonzerwa nezvose zviri zviviri muviri uye mafungiro. Vamwe vanachiremba vanotaura kuti MCS ingatomirira boka rezvirwere zvakawanda-wanda.a

Varwere vazhinji vane MCS vanoti kutanga kwavakaita kushandisa makemikari anokuvadza akadai semishonga yezvipembenene ndiko kwakavarwarisa; vamwe vanoti kuramba vachishandisa makemikari mashoma anokuvadza. Kana MCS yangotanga chete, vane dambudziko racho vanobva vava nezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvokurwariswa nemamwewo makemikari akasiyana aisambovarwarisa, akadai sezvinonhuhwirira nemishonga yokuchenesa. Ndicho chikonzero nei chichinzi “multiple chemical sensitivity” [kusawirirana namakemikari akawanda-wanda]. Funga nezvezvakaitika kuna Joyce.

Joyce akava nenda dzomumusoro paakanga achiri kuchikoro. Musoro wake wakabva wapfapfaidzwa nomushonga unouraya zvipembenene. Utano hwaJoyce hwakabva hwaipa, uye akatanga kurwariswa namakemikari aisambomurwarisa kare. Aya aisanganisira mishonga yokuchenesa mumba, zvinoita kuti mumba munhuhwirire, zvinonhuhwira, sipo dzevhudzi nepeturu. “Maziso angu anozvimba zvokuvharika,” Joyce anodaro, “uye mutandamhuno wangu unobva wava noutachiona, zvichiita kuti nditemwe nomusoro uye ndisvotwe zvakanyanya zvokuti ndinorwara kwamazuva. . . . Ndarwara nemabayo kakawanda chaizvo zvokuti mapapu angu ava namavanga kufanana neomunhu akasvuta kwemakore 40—asi ini handina kumbosvuta!”

Kuramba uchiva pane makemikari mashomanana anokuvadza, ayo akanzi anokonzerawo MCS, kunogona kuitika panze kana mumba. Chokwadi, mumakumi emakore achangopfuura kuwanda kwezvirwere kuri kukonzerwa nokushatiswa kwemhepo yomumba kwakaita kuti paumbwe mashoko okuti “sick-building syndrome” [zviratidzo zvokurwariswa nechivako chine utachiona].

Zviratidzo Zvokurwariswa Nechivako Chine Utachiona

Zviratidzo zvokurwariswa nechivako chine utachiona zvakatanga kuonekwa muma1970 apo dzimba dzakawanda, zvikoro namahofisi zvakanga zvine maburi anopinza mhepo zvakatsiviwa nezvisingapindi mhepo, zvine michina inodziyisa kana kutonhodza mhepo, kuitira kuti kudziya kwomuzvivako kuchengetedzwe. Zvinodzivirira kupisa, mapuranga akaiswa mushonga, mishonga inokurumidza kuenda nemhepo, uye machira akagadzirwa namakemikari nemakapeti zvaiwanzoiswa muzvivako izvi uye pafanicha yazvo.

Kunyanya kana zvinhu izvi zviri zvitsva, zvizhinji zvezvinhu izvi zvinoisa makemikari mashoma angangokuvadza, akadai seformaldehyde (gasi rinokachidza rinoshandiswa kuuraya utachiona), mumhepo inoramba ichingotenderedzwa. Makapeti anowedzera dambudziko racho nokuti anonwa mishonga yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa pakuchenesa nezvinonyungudutsa kwava kuzozvibudisa kwenguva yakareba. “Minhuwi inobva muzvinonyungudutsa yakawanda ndiyo mimwe yezvinonyanya kushatisa mhepo inenge iri mumba,” rinodaro bhuku rinonzi Chemical Exposures—Low Levels and High Stakes. Ukuwo “zvinonyungudutsa zviri pakati pemakemikari anonyanya kupomerwa mhosva navarwere vasingawirirani namakemikari,” rinodaro bhuku racho.

Nepo vanhu vazhinji vachiita sevanogona kurarama muzvivako zvakadaro, vamwe vanova nezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana kubva paasima uye zvimwe zvinetso zvokufema nokutemwa nomusoro uye kupera simba. Zviratidzo izvi kazhinji zvinopera kana vanhu vacho vakabva panzvimbo iyi. Asi mune zvimwe zviitiko, “varwere vangatanga kusawirirana namakemikari akawanda-wanda,” inodaro magazini yezvokurapa yokuBritain inonzi The Lancet. Asi nei vamwe vachirwariswa namakemikari vamwe vasingarwari? Uyu mubvunzo unokosha nokuti vamwe vanoita sevasingarwariswi zvingavaomera kunzwisisa vaya vanorwariswa nawo.

Tose Takasiyana

Zvakanaka kuyeuka kuti tose tinoita zvakasiyana-siyana patinosangana nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvingava makemikari, utachiona huduku kana kuti hukuru. Zvinotema kuti zvii zvichaitika zvinosanganisira ropa, zera, kuti tiri murume here kana kuti mukadzi, utano, mishonga ingave iri kushandiswa, zvirwere zvagara zviripo, uye mararamire akadai sokunwa doro, kusvuta fodya kana kuti kushandisa zvinhu zvinodhaka.

Somuenzaniso, pakushandisa mishonga, zvauri zvinotaura kuti “mushonga uchashanda here kana kuti zvii zvaungakonzera,” inodaro magazini inonzi New Scientist. Zvimwe zvingakonzerwa izvi zvinogona kuva zvakanyanya zvichiguma norufu. Kazhinji kacho, mapuroteni anonzi maenzayimu (enzyme) anobvisa mumuviri makemikari anenge asingazivikanwi nomuviri, akadai semakemikari ari mumishonga nezvimwe zvinosvibisa mhepo zvinowanika mumabasa ezuva nezuva. Asi kana aya maenzayimu “anochenesa” asingashandi zvakanaka, zvichida nemhaka yokuberekwa takadaro, kukuvadzwa kwaanenge akamboitwa namakemikari anokuvadza, kana kuti zvokudya zvisingavaki muviri, makemikari anobva kunze anogona kuungana kusvika awanda zvisina kunaka.b

MCS yakafananidzwa nemhando yezvinetso zveropa zvinokonzerwa nemaenzayimu inonzi porphyrias. Kazhinji zvinoitwa navanhu vane imwe mhando yeporphyrias kumakemikari, anobva kuchiutsi chemotokari kusvika kukunhuhwirira, zvakafanana nezvinoitwa navanhu vane MCS.

Pfungwa Dzine Zvadzinoitwawo

Mumwe anorwara neMCS akaudza veMukai! kuti mamwe makemikari anoshandiswa nevakawanda anoita kuti adhakwe. Akati: “Unhu hwangu hwakachinja—kutsamwa, kusagadzikana, kugumbuka, kutya, kupera simba. . . . Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kugara kubvira pamaawa mashomanana kusvika kumazuva anoverengeka.” Pashure pacho, anonzwa aine bhabharasi uye akaora mwoyo.

Zvinhu izvi zvakajairika kuvanhu vane MCS. Dr. Claudia Miller vanoti “nyika dzinopfuura gumi nembiri dzinoshuma zvinetso zvepfungwa pashure pokuva pane makemikari zvinonyatsozivikanwa, angave anouraya zvipembenene kana kuti [zviratidzo] zvokurwariswa nezvivako zvine utachiona. . . . Tinoziva kuti vashandi vanova pane zvinonyungudutsa vanonyanyova pangozi yokuvhuduka-vhunduka uye kuora mwoyo. . . . Saka tinofanira kuva vanofungisisa zvikuru toyeuka kuti zvichida nhengo inonyanya kuvhiringidzwa namakemikari pamuviri ipfungwa.”

Kunyange zvazvo kuva pane makemikari kuchigona kuita kuti munhu ave nezvinetso nemupfungwa, vanachiremba vakawanda vanodavira kuti zvakasiyana neizvi ndezvechokwadiwo—zvinetso zvepfungwa zvinogonawo kukonzera kusawirirana namakemikari. Dr. Miller, vataurwa pamusoro apa, naDr. Nicholas Ashford, vanodavira zvakasimba kuti MCS inokonzerwa nomuviri, vanobvuma kuti “zvinoitika muupenyu, zvakadai sokufa kwomudiwa kana kuti kurambana, zvinogona kudzvinyirira simba rinodzivirira muviri uye zvingaita kuti vamwe vanhu vanyanye kurwariswa namakemikari mashoma kupfuura vamwe. Chaizvoizvo, kubatana kwakaita mafungiro namashandiro omuviri kunonetsa kunzwisisa.” Dr. Sherry Rogers, mumwe anodavira kuti MCS inokonzerwa nomuviri anoti, “kufunganya kunogona kuita kuti munhu arwariswe namakemikari.”

Pane icho vane MCS vangaita here kuti vavandudze utano hwavo kana kuti kuderedza zviratidzo zvacho?

Kubatsirwa Kwevaya Vane MCS

Kunyange zvazvo pasina mushonga unorapa MCS unozivikanwa, vazhinji vanorwara nayo vakakwanisa kuderedza zviratidzo zvavo, uye vamwe vakatokwanisa kudzokerazve zvine mwero kumararamiro ekare. Chii chakavabatsira kuti vararame nayo? Vamwe vanoti vakabatsirwa nokuteerera zvavakaudzwa nachiremba wavo zvokuti vasashandisa makemikari anogona kuita kuti zviratidzo izvi zvitange, nepavanogona napo pose.c Judy ane MCS anowana kuti kurega kunomubatsira chose. Paakanga ari kupora pachirwere chakakonzerwa noutachiona hunonzi Epstein-Barr, Judy akanga ari paiva nomushonga wezvipembenene unoshandiswa mumba make wakanyanya kuwanda pakupedzisira akava neMCS.

Kufanana nevakawanda vane MCS, Judy anorwariswa namakemikari akawanda anoshandiswa mudzimba. Saka anoshandisa sipo isina makemikari nesoda pakuchenesa nokuwacha. Anoona kuti vhiniga inoshanda zvakanaka kuita kuti mbatya dzipfave. Muwadhiropu make nomumba make mokurara mune zvinhu zvakagadzirwa neshinda uye micheka chete. Murume wake haaisi mbatya dzake dzinowachwa kudhirayi kirini muwadhiropu mavo kusvikira dzapera munhuhwi wadzinenge dzinawo muvhiki dzakati kuti dziri munzvimbo inopinda mhepo yakawanda.

Chokwadi, munyika yanhasi zvingasabvira kuti vanorwara neMCS vadzivise kushandisa zvachose makemikari ose anokonzera zvirwere. American Family Physician inoti: “Dambudziko guru riripo neMCS kazhinji nderokuva zindoga uye rokudzivisa zvimwe zvinhu sezvo murwere anoedza kudzivisa kuva pane makemikari.” Nyaya yacho inoti vachiongororwa nevarapi varwere vanofanira kushanda nokusonganira navamwe, vachiwedzera mabasa avo zvishoma nezvishoma. Uyewo vanofanira kushandira kuti vasanyanya kurohwa nehana kana kutadza kufema zvakanaka nokudzidza kuzorora uye nzira dzokudzora kufema zvakanaka. Chinangwa ndechokubatsira varwere kuti vawirirane namakemikari zvishoma nezvishoma pane kuedza kudzivisa makemikari muupenyu hwavo zvachose.

Kumwe kurapa kunobatsira zvikuru kurara zvakanaka usiku. David, ane MCS uyo pari zvino asisina kana chiratidzo chimwe chete chokurwara, anoti chimwe chinhu chakaita kuti akurumidze kupora kwakanga kuri kurara mumba mune mhepo yakanaka yakawanda. Ernest nomudzimai wake, Lorraine, vose vane MCS, vakawana kuti “kurara zvakanaka usiku kunoti batsirei zvikuru kurarama namakemikari atisingagoni kudzivisa muswere wezuva.”

Chokwadi, zvokudya zvakanaka zvinodiwa nguva dzose mukuchengeta kana kuti kuwanazve utano hwakanaka. Chaizvoizvo, zvakanzi “ndicho chinhu chakanakisisa chinochengetedza utano hwakanaka.” Saka zvine musoro kuona kuti, kuti muviri uwanezve utano hwakanaka, kusvika panokwanisika, nhengo dzawo dzinofanira kuva dzichishanda zvakanaka. Zvimwe zvokudya zvokuwedzera zvinogona kubatsirawo.

Kurovedza muviri kunobatsirawo kuva noutano hwakanaka. Uyezve, paunodikitira unoita kuti muviri wako ubudise zvinhu zvinokuvadza zviri mumuviri nepaganda rako. Zvimwe zvinokosha kuva nepfungwa dzakanaka uye kuseka, pamwe chete nokudiwa uye kuda vamwe. Chaizvoizvo, “rudo nokuseka” ndiwo mushonga uyo mumwe chiremba anorumbidza kuvarwere vake vose vane MCS. Hungu, “mwoyo wakafara unobatsira munhu kupora.”—Zvirevo 17:22.

Zvisinei, kuva noukama hunofadza, hune rudo kunogona kuva chinetso chikuru kuvarwere vane MCS vasingakwanisi kuwirirana nezvinonhuhwirira, mishonga yokuchenesa, nezvinonhuhwiririsa nemamwe makemikari ayo vazhinji vedu tinoshandisa mumabasa edu ezuva nezuva. Vanhu vane MCS vanorarama sei mumamiriro ezvinhu aya? Zvinokoshawo ndezvokuti, chii icho vamwe vangaita kubatsira vaya vane MCS? Nyaya inotevera ichakurukura mibvunzo iyi.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 23]

Unofanira Kushandisa Makemikari Akawanda Zvakadaro Here?

Tose zvedu tinofanira kudzivisa mikana yokuva pane makemikari anogona kukuvadza. Izvi zvinosanganisira makemikari atinochengeta pamusha. Bhuku rinonzi Chemical Exposures rinoti: “Zvinhu zvinokanganisa mhepo mumba ndizvo zviri pamberi pakuita kuti vanhu vazotadza kuwirirana namakemikari. Misanganiswa yezvinhu zvakawanda ine mazana etwumakemikari twakasiyana-siyana twunotorwa nyore-nyore nemhepo inoitikira mumba.”d

Saka zvibvunze kana chaizvoizvo uchifanira kushandisa makemikari akawanda seauri kushandisa, kunyanya mishonga inouraya zvipembenene nezvinhu zvine zvinonyungudutsa zvinotorwa nemhepo nyore-nyore. Wati waedza kushandisa zvinhu zvisina makemikari anokuvadza here? Zvisinei, kana uchifanira kushandisa makemikari anogona kuva nengozi zvikuru, iva nechokwadi chokuti hauashandisi usina kuita zvose zvaunofanira kuita kuti uzvidzivirire. Uyewo, iva nechokwadi kuti unoachengeta panzvimbo isingasviki vana uye apo munhuhwi wacho usingakuvadzi. Yeuka, kunyange makemikari ari mumagaba akavharika anogona kubudisa munhuhwi.

Kuziva nezvenjodzi dzamakemikari kunorevawo kuti tinofanira kuziva zvatinozora kana kurasira paganda redu. Makemikari mazhinji, kusanganisira zvinonhuhwirira, anopinda muropa nepaganda. Ndokusaka mimwe mishonga ichiiswa nepaganda. Saka kana ukarasikirwa namakemikari anokuvadza paganda rako, “chinhu chokutanga uye chinokosha chaunofanira kuita kugeza makemikari acho abve paganda,” ndizvo zvinotaura bhuku rinonzi Tired or Toxic?

Vanhu vazhinji vasingawirirani namakemikari mazhinji vanorwariswa nezvinonhuhwirira. Makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu muzana amakemikari anoshandiswa muzvinonhuhwirira misanganiswa yemishonga inotorwa mupetroleum. Acetone, camphor, benzaldehyde, ethanol, g-terpinene, nemamwe makemikari akawanda anoshandiswa. Njodzi dziripo pakushandisa zvinhu izvi dzakaziviswa—muUnited States, somuenzaniso, neEnvironmental Protection Agency. Ndizvo zvakaitawo zvinoshandiswa pazvinonhuhwiririsa mumba. Apo vasayendisiti vezvakatipoteredza vanodzidza nezvezvinonhuhwiririsa mumba, vanozvi“dzidza sezvinhu zvinokanganisa mhepo iri mudzimba, kwete zvinoita kuti ichene,” inodaro University of California at Berkeley Wellness Letter. Zvinhu zvinonhuhwiririsa mumba hazvibvisi hwema hwakaipa, zvinongohuvhara.

Bhuku rinonzi Calculated Risks rinoti “chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mukudzidza nezvezvinhu zvinokuvadza [ndechokuti] makemikari ose anokuvadza kana akava pachena nenzira yakati.”

[Mashoko Omuzasi]