Complutensian Polyglot Wan Tul Blong Wokem Ol Baebol

RAONABAOT long yia 1455, wan bigfala jenis i kamaot long fasin blong wokem ol Baebol. Johannes Gutenberg i faswan man blong wokem Baebol long wan mesin we i save prentem ol buk. Bifo long samting ya, ol man oli no save wokem plante Baebol from we oli mas raetem olgeta long prapa hanraet blong olgeta. Be long niufala mesin ya, oli save wokem plante Baebol mo i no sas tumas blong wokem olgeta. I no longtaem, oli stap seremaot moa Baebol i winim olgeta narafala buk long wol.

Baebol blong Gutenberg i stap long lanwis Latin. Be i no longtaem, ol man blong hae save long Yurop oli luksave se oli nidim wan Baebol we oli save trastem, long olfala lanwis Hibru mo Grik. Katolik Jos i ting se Latin Vulgate nomo i wan gudfala Baebol. Be i gat tu bigfala trabol long saed blong Baebol ya. Afta long yia 1500, bighaf blong ol man oli no moa kasem save long lanwis Latin. Mo tu, long taosen yia we i pas finis, Vulgate i bin jenis lelebet, from we ol man we oli mekem ol kopi blong hem oli mestem sam samtaem.

Ol man blong tanem Baebol i go long narafala lanwis mo ol man blong stadi long Baebol, tugeta oli nidim wan Baebol long tufala olfala lanwis, mo oli nidim tu, wan Baebol long Latin we i moagud. Ale long yia 1502, kadinol Jiménez de Cisneros, we i stap givim advaes long saed blong politik mo jos long Kwin Isabella 1 blong Spen, hem i mekemap tingting blong hem blong wokem wan buk, we insaed long hem bambae i gat olgeta samting ya we ol man ya oli nidim. Buk ya we i kam wan gudfala tul blong ol man we oli tanem Baebol, oli kolem Complutensian Polyglot. Cisneros i wantem wokem wan Polyglot, hemia wan Baebol long plante lanwis wantaem. Hem i wantem se Baebol ya i beswan long Hibru, Grik, mo Latin lanwis, mo hem i wokem sam haf blong hem long lanwis Aramaek. From we ol man oli jes stat blong prentem ol buk long mesin, ale wok ya we hem i wantem mekem bambae i wan niufala samting tu long ol man blong prentem buk.

Blong statem bigfala wok ya, Cisneros i pem sam olfala Hibru hanraet, we oli plante long Spen. Mo tu, hem i hivimap ol defdefren hanraet long Grik mo Latin. Olgeta ya oli kam ol stamba hanraet blong Polyglot. Cisneros i givim wok long wan grup blong man we oli stadi long niufala Yunivesiti blong Alcalá de Henares, long Spen, blong oli rerem ol hanraet ya mo putum olgeta long stret oda. Wan long ol man blong stadi ya we hem i singaot olgeta, hemia Erasmus blong Rotterdam. Nating se man ya i gat bigfala save long ol lanwis, hem i no wantem mekem wok ya.

Ol man ya blong stadi oli tekem ten yia blong rerem ol hanraet ya. Mo i tekem fo moa yia bakegen blong oli prentem Baebol ya. Wan trabol se, ol mesin blong ol man Spen oli no save prentem Hibru, Grik, mo Aramaek raeting. Taswe, Cisneros i givim wok long wan bigfala man blong prentem ol buk, Arnaldo Guillermo Brocario, blong wokem ol raeting ya. Ale, long yia 1514, oli stat prentem Baebol ya. I gat sikis buk blong hem we oli finisim long Julae 10, 1517, hemia fo manis bifo we kadinol i ded. Oli wokem sikis handred kopi blong Baebol ya. Samting we yumi sapraes long hem se wok ya i gohed long taem we jos blong Spen i stap panisim ol man we oli mekem samting we jos i no givim raet blong mekem.a

Plan Blong Polyglot

I gat fulap save long evri pej blong Polyglot. Long fo buk ya we Hibru haf blong Baebol (Oltesteman) i stap long olgeta, ol tok blong Vulgate i stap long medel blong ol wanwan pej, stat antap i kamdaon. Klosap long hem, i gat Grik hanraet we oli raetem Latin aninit long ol wanwan wod blong hem. Klosap long saed blong pej, i gat Hibru hanraet i stap. Mo long saed blong pej olgeta, i gat plante wod we Hibru tok i kamaot long olgeta. Long botom blong ol wanwan pej we oli raetem ol faef faswan buk blong Baebol (Pentateuch) long olgeta, oli putum Targum of Onkelos (i min se, oli raetem Pentateuch long isi fasin long lanwis Aramaek) mo oli raetem hemia long Latin tu.

Namba faef buk blong Polyglot i gat Grik haf blong Baebol (Niutesteman) long hem. Long buk ya, oli seraotem ol pej long tu haf, stat antap i kamdaon. Long wan saed oli raetem tok long Grik, long narasaed oli raetem Latin olsem i stap long Vulgate. Blong soem wod long Grik mo wod long Latin we tufala i laenap, oli putum wan smol mak long tufala wod ya. Grik hanraet long Polyglot, hem i faswan taem we oli prentem olgeta haf blong Grik Baebol no “Niutesteman” tugeta. I no longtaem biaen, Erasmus tu i mekem wan Baebol olsem.

Ol man we oli wokem namba faef buk ya oli jekemgud, mekem se i gat 50 mastik nomo long ol tok we oli prentem. From we oli lukaotgud olsem, plante man we oli traem faenem poen long wok blong olgeta tede, oli talem se buk ya i moagud i bitim Grik Baebol blong Erasmus we plante moa man oli save long hem. Fasin blong raetem ol leta long Grik lanwis i luk naes wetem ol olfala raeting blong bifo. R. Proctor, we i raetem buk ya The Printing of Greek in the Fifteenth Century, i talem se: “Bigfala ona i mas go long Spen, from we faswan Grik raeting we oli wokem long kantri ya i beswan Grik raeting we man i bin wokem samtaem.”

Long namba sikis buk blong Polyglot, i gat sam samting blong halpem ol man we oli wantem stadi Baebol, olsem: wan diksonari long Hibru mo Aramaek, mining blong ol nem long Grik, Hibru, mo Aramaek, ol rul we oli folem long Hibru blong joenem ol wod, mo wan Latin indeks blong Hibru mo Aramaek diksonari ya. Yumi luksave from wanem plante man oli leftemap Complutensian Polyglot se hem i “nambawan eksampol blong naesfala raeting mo ol tul blong mekem dip stadi long Baebol.”

Cisneros i wantem se Polyglot i “pulum ol man blong stadi Baebol bakegen.” Be hem i no gat tingting blong mekem Baebol i goaot long olgeta man. Hem i ting se “Tok blong God i mas stap olsem wan tok haed we ol man olbaot oli no save kasem save long hem.” Mo tu, hem i ting se “Baebol i mas stap long trifala olfala lanwis ya nomo, hemia trifala lanwis we God i letem ol man oli raetem long wud ya we oli nilim Pikinini blong hem long hem.”b From samting ya, hem i no putum lanwis blong Spen insaed long Complutensian Polyglot.

Skelem Vulgate Wetem Ol Olfala Lanwis

Sam man blong hae save oli rao from Polyglot ya. Wan man Spen we i skulgud, nem blong hem Antonio de Nebrija,c hem nao i bos long wok ya blong stadi long ol tok blong Vulgate mo mekem i stret blong putum long Polyglot. Nating se Katolik Jos i ting se Vulgate we Jerome i wokem hem nomo i stret Baebol blong yusum, be Nebrija i luk se oli nidim blong skelem Vulgate wetem ol olfala hanraet long Hibru, Aramaek, mo Grik. Hem i wantem stretem ol mastik we sloslo oli bin kam haf blong Vulgate.

Blong stretem sam haf blong Vulgate we oli no laenap wetem ol olfala lanwis, Nebrija i talem long Cisneros se: “Laetem bakegen tufala laet ya we oli ded long jos blong yumi, hemia Hibru mo Grik lanwis. Givim pei long olgeta we oli strong long wok ya.” Mo hem i givim advaes ya tu se: “Taem yumi faenem wan samting we i no stret long ol Latin hanraet blong Niutesteman, yumi mas luklukbak long ol hanraet long Grik. Taem ol defdefren Latin hanraet oli no laenapgud, no Latin i no laenap wetem Grik hanraet blong Oltesteman, yumi mas lukaot ol tok we i stret long olfala Hibru hanraet.”

?Wanem ansa we Cisneros i givim long hem? Long fastok we hem i raetem long Polyglot Baebol, Cisneros i talemaot tingting blong hem se: “Yumi putum Latin Baebol blong gudfala Jerome bitwin long Haos Prea blong Ol Man Jiu [Hibru hanraet] mo Jos blong Orien [Grik hanraet], olsem we ol man oli nilim Jisas, we i wok long nem blong Jos blong Rom no Latin Jos, bitwin long tufala stilman.” Ale, Cisneros i no letem Nebrija i stretem ol mastik long Latin Vulgate folem ol olfala hanraet. Biaen, Nebrija i lego wok ya from we hem i no wantem spolem gudnem blong hem mo rerem wan buk we i gat plante mastik long hem.

Comma Johanneum

Nating se Polyglot blong Alcalá de Henares i givhan bigwan blong mekem wan gudfala Baebol long ol olfala lanwis, sam samtaem oli bin folem kastom i bitim we oli folem trufala save we oli faenem. Ol man oli tinghae tumas long Vulgate, mekem se ol man we oli wokem Polyglot oli jenisim sam samting long Grik hanraet blong “Niutesteman” blong mekem i laenap wetem Latin, oli no jenisim Latin blong mekem i laenap wetem olfala Grik hanraet. Wan jenis we oli mekem, hemia vas ya we plante man oli save se i no stret, we oli kolem comma Johanneum.d I no gat wan olfala Grik hanraet we vas ya i stap long hem. I klia se oli putum vas ya long Baebol plante handred yia afta we Jon i raetem leta blong hem. Vas ya i no stap long ol faswan Latin hanraet blong Vulgate tu. Ale, Erasmus i tekemaot vas ya long “Niutesteman” we hem i wokem long Grik.

Ol man we oli raetem Polyglot oli no wantem tekemaot wan vas we i bin stap long hanraet blong Vulgate blong plante handred yia. Taswe, oli livim vas ya i stap long lanwis Latin mo oli tanem i go long Grik tu blong mekem se tufala lanwis ya i laenap.

Stamba Hanraet Blong Plante Niufala Baebol

I tru se, insaed long Complutensian Polyglot i gat faswan Grik Baebol mo faswan Septuagint Baebol we oli prentem long mesin. Be i no samting ya nomo we i mekem se hem i wan gudfala Baebol. Hibru haf blong Polyglot i kam olsem stamba hanraet blong Hibru-Aramaek Baebol. Hemia i olsem “Niutesteman” blong Erasmus we i kam Received Text blong Grik haf blong Baebol (stamba hanraet we oli yusum blong tanem Baebol ya i go long plante narafala lanwis).e William Tyndale i yusum Hibru haf blong Polyglot ya olsem stamba hanraet blong tanem Baebol i go long Inglis.

Taswe, gudfala wok blong grup ya we oli mekem Complutensian Polyglot i givhan bigwan blong mekem save blong Baebol i kam antap. Oli wokem Baebol ya long taem ya we ol man Yurop oli wantem save moa long saed blong Baebol, ale samting ya i pulum samfala blong wantem tanem Polyglot ya i go long prapa lanwis blong ol man. Yes, Polyglot i kam wan wok we i givhan bigwan blong stretem mo holem i stapgud, Grik mo Hibru hanraet blong Baebol. Samting ya i laenap wetem tingting blong God se ‘tok blong hem we man i save trastem,’ “bambae i stap olwe, gogo i no save finis.”​—Ol Sam 18:30; Aesea 40:8; 1 Pita 1:25.

[Ol Futnot]

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Kadinol Jiménez de Cisneros

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Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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Antonio de Nebrija

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Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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Biblioteca Histórica. Universidad Complutense de Madrid