2

Apphia . . . Archippus: Besides Philemon, only these two members of the congregation that met in Philemon’s house are mentioned by name in this letter. Many scholars have thus suggested that Apphia was Philemon’s wife and that Archippus was their son. Some further suggest that Paul mentions them because Onesimus had been their domestic slave. In such a case, all three would have been involved in the matter that Paul was writing about. Whatever their family status, both Apphia and Archippus were considered worthy of mention. Paul dignifies Apphia by calling her our sister. Archippus is likely the same man named in Paul’s letter to the Colossians. (See study note on Col 4:17.) And here Paul calls Archippus our fellow soldier, emphasizing a close relationship as well as Archippus’ loyal and brave service to Christ.​—Compare Php 2:25.

and to the congregation that is in your house: Paul addresses this letter primarily to Philemon but also to Apphia, Archippus, and the entire congregation. The first-century Christians often met together in private homes. (Col 4:15; see study note on 1Co 16:19.) Even though Paul speaks most directly to Philemon throughout the letter, it is noteworthy that he uses the Greek plural pronouns for “you” and “your” in verses 3, 22, and 25. So it is possible that Paul meant for the letter to be read aloud to the entire congregation. The valuable thoughts and principles in the letter would surely benefit them all.