5:6

You have condemned: Continuing to address “rich men,” James here rebukes wealthy opposers of Christianity who used the legal system to oppress and persecute not only Christ but also his innocent and righteous followers.​—Jas 2:6; 5:1; Mt 27:1-3; Ac 4:27; see also Ac 6:8-14; 8:3.

you have murdered the righteous one: When James mentions “the righteous one” being murdered by “rich men,” he likely had in mind Jesus himself, since that expression is used to describe Jesus several times. (Jas 5:1; Ac 3:14, 15; 7:52; 22:14) Jesus was unjustly condemned to death by the Sanhedrin, which included a number of wealthy, influential men. (Mt 26:59, 66; compare study note on Joh 2:16.) In addition, when Saul of Tarsus was persecuting Jesus’ followers, Jesus told him: “Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?” (Ac 9:4) Therefore, by extension, James may also have had in mind the condemnation and murder of Jesus’ righteous disciples.​—Mt 24:9; Joh 16:2.

Is he not opposing you?: The idea of this rhetorical question seems to be that “the righteous one” mentioned in this verse, likely Jesus Christ, sees all the acts of oppression that James describes in this passage. As Jehovah’s righteous Judge, Jesus opposes those guilty of mistreating his faithful followers and will ultimately execute judgment on them.​—Joh 5:22, 27; 2Th 1:7, 8; compare Ac 9:4.