remainders were completely disposed of). It is notable also that no leaven was in the cakes.—Lev. 8:31, 32; Ex. 29:31-34.

COMPLETION OF THE INSTALLATION

The installation took seven days, before the end of which the priesthood could not officiate in the fullest sense. On each of the six days succeeding their investiture and ordination through the mediator Moses, sacrifices were to be offered as follows: a young ram in the morning, with a grain offering and a drink offering of wine, and a like sacrifice in the evening, as burnt offerings. During the entire seven days, day and night, the newly ordained priests had to man posts of duty at the entrance of the tent of meeting, keeping “the obligatory watch of Jehovah,” that they might not die.—Lev. 8:33-36; Ex. 29:35-42.

On the eighth day, fully equipped and installed in office, the priesthood officiated (without Moses’ assistance) for the first time, performing an atonement service for the nation of Israel, especially in need of cleansing, not only because of their natural sinfulness, but also because of their recent disobedience in connection with the golden calf, which had brought Jehovah’s displeasure. (Lev. 9:1-7; Ex. 32:1-10) At the conclusion of this first service by the newly installed priesthood, Jehovah manifested his approval and confirmation of them in office by sending miraculous fire out from the pillar of cloud above the tabernacle, devouring the remainder of the sacrifice on the altar.—Lev. 9:23, 24.

The Bible gives no record of an installation ceremony for the successors of Aaron. Evidently the one installation service was sufficient to place the Aaronic house and all its male offspring in their priestly office once and for all, to continue to time indefinite, down until the installation in office of the true and everlasting high priest Jesus Christ.—Heb. 7:12, 17; 9:11, 12; see HIGH PRIEST; PRIEST.

INSTRUCTION

[From a form of the Hebrew ya·rahʹ, to instruct or teach; Gr., pai·deuʹo, to instruct, correct, chastise, discipline; ka·te·kheʹo, to teach orally, inform, instruct].

Jehovah is the Source of instruction. (Isa. 2:3; Mic. 4:2) The Bible is his written instruction Book. (Ps. 119:105; 2 Tim. 3:16; Rom. 15:4) Jesus Christ is “the way and the truth and the life,” instructing those who approach the Father through him.—John 14:6.

What might be called the “book of divine creation” also instructs, when properly studied. (Ps. 19:1-4; Rom. 1:20; 10:18) Job told his companions they could get instruction by going to the animal creation. (Job 12:7, 8) But such instruction from the physical creation in itself cannot give the wisdom of God unless the searcher has the fear of Jehovah, which is ‘the beginning of knowledge and wisdom,’ and accompanies his study of created things with a consideration of God’s Word.—Job 28:13-28; Prov. 1:7; Ps. 111:10; Prov. 30:5; Isa. 8:20.

Instruction, to benefit one fully, includes correction, chastisement, discipline, as the Hebrew and Greek words imply. Discipline is not always easy to take, but, when one responds to such instruction, it will yield “peaceable fruit, namely, righteousness.” (Heb. 12:7-11) The instruction of a loving teacher will include training through example. But if hire is the chief incentive of the instructor, as was the case with the priests of Micah’s day, there will be neither example nor proper training. (Mic. 3:11) And the most unreliable source of all is instruction sought at the feet of idols, or from spiritists, magicians, fortune-tellers and the like, for one is thereby seeking instruction from God’s enemies the demons. (Hab. 2:19; 1 Cor. 10:20; Isa. 8:19; 2:6; Rev. 22:15) The Scriptures warn against turning to such sources of instruction as well as to worldly philosophy.—Col. 2:8; 1 Tim. 6:20.

The Bible indicates that, during Christ’s 1,000-year reign, scrolls of instruction will be opened up for the judgment of mankind.—Rev. 20:12; see EDUCATION.

INTEGRITY

The Hebrew terms relating to integrity (tom, tum·mahʹ, tam, ta·mimʹ) have the root meaning of that which is “complete” or “whole.” (Compare Leviticus 25:30; Joshua 10:13; Proverbs 1:12.) Ta·mimʹ is used several times to refer to physical completeness or soundness and freedom from impairment, for example, regarding sacrificial animals. (Ex. 12:5; 29:1; Lev. 3:6) But more frequently these terms describe moral soundness and completeness, one’s being blameless and faultless.

When applied to God, ta·mimʹ may properly be translated “perfect,” as in describing Jehovah’s activity and works, his way, knowledge and law. (Deut. 32:4; Job 36:4; 37:16; Ps. 18:30; 19:7) All these divine qualities and expressions manifest such unmatchable completeness and fullness, are so sound and free from defect or fault, that they clearly identify their Source as the one true God.—Rom. 1:20; see PERFECTION.

SIGNIFICANCE OF HUMAN INTEGRITY

In a few cases the Hebrew tom conveys simply the idea of honest motive, innocence as to wrong intention. (Compare Genesis 20:5, 6; 2 Samuel 15:11) But mainly these related Hebrew terms describe unswerving devotion to righteousness. While the English word “integrity” is commonly applied to an ‘uncompromising adherence to some moral or ethical code,’ the Biblical usage and examples present unbreakable devotion to a person, Jehovah God, and to his expressed will and purpose—rather than to a mere code—as the course of vital importance.

Involved in the supreme issue

The first human pair were given the opportunity to manifest integrity in Eden. The restriction regarding the tree of knowledge put to the test their devotion to their Creator. Under the pressure of outside influence from God’s adversary and his appeal to selfishness, they gave way to disobedience. Their shame, their reluctance to face their Creator and their lack of candor in responding to his questions all gave evidence of their lack of integrity. (Compare Psalm 119:1, 80.) Obviously, however, they were not the first to break integrity, since the spirit creature who led them into a rebellious course had already done so.—Gen. 3:1-19; compare his course with the dirge pronounced against the king of Tyre at Ezekiel 28:12-15; see SATAN.

Satan’s rebellion, visibly initiated in Eden, produced an issue of universal importance—that of the rightfulness of God’s sovereignty over all his creatures, his right to require full obedience of them. Since the issue was not one of superiority of power but, rather, a moral issue, it could not be settled merely by the exercise of power, as by God’s immediately crushing Satan and the human pair out of existence. This fact is an aid to understanding why wickedness and its author, Satan, have been allowed to continue so long. (See WICKEDNESS.) Since God’s adversary first drew upon humans for support and endorsement of his rebel course (the earliest evidence for any siding with Satan on the part of spirit sons of God not appearing until sometime prior to the Flood; Gen. 6:1-5; compare 2 Peter 2:4, 5), this made the question of man’s integrity to God’s sovereign will an essential part of the overall issue (though Jehovah’s sovereignty is not itself dependent on the integrity of his creatures). Proof of this is seen in the case of Job.

Job

Job, who evidently lived in the period between the death of Joseph and the time of Moses (see JOB), is described as a man who had “proved to be blameless [Heb., tam] and upright, and fearing God and turning aside from bad.” (Job 1:1) That human integrity