handles, dishes, ointment boxes, chair legs, game boards, statuettes and sculptured works of art. The city of Tyre, in her great sea commerce, inlaid the prows of her boats with ivory. Ivory is also listed among the costly things of ancient Tyre’s traders, as well as in the stock of the “traveling merchants of the earth” who weep over the fall of Babylon the Great.—Ezek. 27:6, 15; Rev. 18:11, 12.

IVVAH

(Ivʹvah).

One of the cities conquered by the Assyrians (2 Ki. 18:34; 19:13; Isa. 37:13), likely the same as Avva, identified by some geographers with Tell Kefr ʽAya on the Orontes River near Riblah.—2 Ki. 17:24.

IYE-ABARIM

(Iʹye-abʹa·rim) [Iyim (heaps, ruins) of the Abarim (borderland, regions beyond); hence called simply “Iyim” at Numbers 33:45].

One of Israel’s wilderness encampments. Its exact location is uncertain, but it was evidently on the southern border of Moab and near the torrent valley of Zered. (Num. 21:11, 12; 33:44) Perhaps Iye-abarim marked the southernmost point of the Abarim region.—Num. 33:47, 48; see ABARIM.

IYIM

(Iʹyim) [heaps, ruins].

Apparently an abbreviated form of Iye-abarim, a site on the border of Moab where the Israelites encamped.—Num. 33:44, 45.

IZHAR

(Izʹhar).

Two names, spelled quite similarly in Hebrew, are transliterated the same way into English but are of different meaning.

1. Yits·harʹ [from a root meaning shine]. The second listed of Kohath’s four sons; therefore a grandson of Levi. (Ex. 6:16, 18; Num. 3:17, 19; 1 Chron. 6:2, 18) One of Izhar’s three sons, Korah, was executed in the wilderness for rebellion.—Ex. 6:21; Num. 16:1, 32.

Izhar founded the Levitical family of Izharites. (Num. 3:27) Under King David, some of the Izharites, whose headman was Shelomith, were appointed singers, officers and judges, while others performed regular Levitical duties.—1 Chron. 6:31-38; 23:12, 18; 24:20-22; 26:23, 29.

2. Yitsʹhhar [possibly, reddish gray]. A descendant of Judah; a son of Ashhur and Helah. (1 Chron. 4:1, 5, 7) In the margin of the Masoretic text and in the Septuagint the name is spelled Zohar.

IZHARITES

(Izʹhar·ites).

A Levite family of the Kohathites that descended from Izhar.—Num. 3:19, 27; 1 Chron. 24:22; 26:23, 29.

IZLIAH

(Iz·liʹah).

A leading Benjamite who lived in Jerusalem; son or descendant of Elpaal.—1 Chron. 8:1, 18, 28.

IZRAHIAH

(Iz·ra·hiʹah) [Jehovah will arise, or, shine].

1. A descendant of Issachar through Tola whose five sons each became heads of populous families.—1 Chron. 7:1-5.

2. An overseer of the singers who helped celebrate the completion of Nehemiah’s rebuilding of Jerusalem’s wall.—Neh. 12:42.

IZRAHITE

(Izʹrah·ite).

The designation of Shamhuth, chief of David’s fifth service division that ministered to him. (1 Chron. 27:8) Shamhuth was of either the town or family of lzrah.

IZRI

(Izʹri) [perhaps, contraction for “Jehovah has formed”].

The leader of the fourth course of twelve musicians at Jehovah’s sanctuary under David’s reorganization. (1 Chron. 25:7, 8, 11) Without the Hebrew letter yohdh at the beginning, his name is spelled “Zeri” in verse 3, where he is identified as a son of Jeduthun.

IZZIAH

(Iz·ziʹah) [may Jah sprinkle].

One of the sons of Parosh who, after hearing Ezra’s counsel, sent away their foreign wives and sons.—Ezra 10:25, 44.

JAAKOBAH

(Ja·a·koʹbah) [may (God) protect].

One of the chieftains of Simeon who, in the days of Hezekiah, extended their territory into the fertile valley of Gedor by striking down its inhabitants.—1 Chron. 4:24, 36-41.

JAALA, JAALAH

(Jaʹa·la[h]) [mountain goat].

The founder of a family of Solomon’s servants, some of whom, along with the Nethinim, returned from the Babylonian exile with Zerubbabel.—Ezra 2:2, 55-58; Neh. 7:7, 57-60.

JAARE-OREGIM

(Jaʹa·re-orʹe·gim).

A name appearing only at 2 Samuel 21:19. It is generally believed that scribal error has given rise to this name and that the correct reading is preserved in the parallel text at 1 Chronicles 20:5. “Jaare” is considered to be an alteration of “Jair,” and “oregim” (ʼor·ghimʹ, “weavers” or “loom workers”) is thought to have been copied inadvertently from a line below in the same verse.

JAARESHIAH

Ja·a·re·shiʹah) [Jehovah plants].

A family head in the tribe of Benjamin; son or descendant of Jeroham. He and his household lived in Jerusalem.—1 Chron. 8:1, 27, 28.

JAASIEL

(Ja·a·siʹel) [God does].

1. One of the mighty men of David, listed only in Chronicles; a Mezobaite.—1 Chron. 11:26, 47.

2. Prince of the tribe of Benjamin during David’s reign. He was the son of Abner, therefore probably a cousin of King Saul.—1 Chron. 27:21, 22.

JAASU

(Jaʹa·su) [Jehovah makes].

A son of Bani and one of the Jews who responded to Ezra’s admonition by putting away their foreign wives and sons.—Ezra 10:34, 37, 44.

JAAZANIAH

(Ja·az·a·niʹah) [Jehovah hears].

Toward the end of the kingdom of Judah it seems that this was a rather common name; all four men mentioned in the Bible by this name lived within the same short period of time. The name has also been found in the Lachish Letters, and on a seal found at Tell en—Nasbeh the words “Yaʼazan·jahu, servant [officer] of the king” appear. There is no direct evidence, however, that such inscription identifies any of the following persons.

1. A leader of the Rechabites when the prophet Jeremiah tested their integrity by offering them wine, which they refused. Jaazaniah was the son of another Jeremiah.—Jer. 35:3, 5, 6.

2. Son of Shaphan; the only individual named in Ezekiel’s vision (612 B.C.E.) of the seventy men who offered incense before carved idolatrous symbols in the temple at Jerusalem.—Ezek. 8:1, 10, 11.

3. Son of Azzur; one of the twenty-five men seen in Ezekiel’s vision standing at the eastern gate of Jehovah’s temple. Jaazaniah and his companions were “scheming hurtfulness and advising bad counsel against this city” and Ezekiel was commanded to prophesy against them.—Ezek. 11:1-4.

4. A military chief of Judah in the brief period immediately following the destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonians. Jaazaniah (Jezaniah, as his name was sometimes spelled) was one of several who readily supported the appointment of Governor Gedaliah. (2 Ki. 25:23; Jer. 40:7, 8) He was presumably included when “all the chiefs of the military forces” warned Gedaliah of Ishmael’s threat on his life and,