Yitso 13

Jamɔ Saamɔ Lɛ—Nitaomɔ lɛ Tsɔ Gbɛ Kroko Nɔ

1, 2. (a) Te wolo ko ni wieɔ Reformation loo Saamɔ lɛ he lɛ tsɔɔ bɔ ni teŋgbɛ afii lɛ amli Roma Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ ji lɛ mli ehaa tɛŋŋ? (b) Mɛɛ sanebimɔi ateeɔ amɛ shi yɛ shihilɛ ni Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ yɔɔ mli lɛ he?

“OSHARA diɛŋtsɛ ni ba teŋgbɛ afii lɛ amli sɔlemɔ lɛ nɔ ji akɛ enyɛɛɛ ekɛ bei lɛ anyiɛ. . . . Akɛni enyɛɛɛ eshwere kɛya ehiɛ kwraa, enyɛɛɛ ekɛ mumɔŋ gbɛtsɔɔmɔ aha kwraa hewɔ lɛ, ebafee nɔ ni yaa sɛɛsɛɛ ni fiteɔ, emlibii lɛ fɛɛ kpɔtɔ.” Nɛkɛ ji bɔ ni wolo, The Story of the Reformation lɛ wie Roma Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ ni he wa, ni ye Europa maji pii anɔ kɛjɛ afii ohai 5 lɛ mli kɛbashi afii ohai 15 Ŋ.B. lɛ mli lɛ he.

² Te fee tɛŋŋ ni Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ gbee shi kɛjɛ ehewalɛ-fɛɛ gbɛhe mli ni eyɔɔ lɛ ni ebatsɔ ‘nɔ ni efite ni ekpɔtɔ’ lɛ? Te fee tɛŋŋ ni paapai lɛ, ni kɛɔ akɛ amɛ amɛyeɔ bɔfoi lɛ asɛɛ lɛ nyɛɛɛ amɛkɛ “mumɔŋ gbɛtsɔɔmɔ” aha lɛ? Ni mɛni jɛ nɔ ni enyɛɛɛ efee nɛɛ mli ba? Bɔni afee ni wɔna hetooi lɛ, ehe miihia ni wɔpɛi nɔ sɔlemɔ ni ebatsɔ kɛ nɔ ni etsu yɛ anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ sɛɛ gbɛ ni adesai taoɔ lɛ mli lɛ mli fioo wɔkwɛ.

Sɔlemɔ lɛ Shɛ He ni Eba Shi Kwraa

3. (a) Mɛɛ heloo gbɛfaŋ ninamɔ shihilɛ Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ yɔɔ mli yɛ afii ohai 15 lɛ naagbee mli? (b) Sɔlemɔ lɛ bɔ mɔdɛŋ ni ehiɛ egbojee kɛ ewulamɔ nɛɛ mli yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?

³ Beni shɛɔ afii ohai 15 lɛ naagbee lɛ, Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ, kɛ esafoi, mɔ kome shihilɔi ashihilɛ hei, osɔfoyei ashihilɛ hei ni yɔɔ enɔyeli hei fɛɛ lɛ, ebatsɔ shikpɔŋtsɛ ni fe fɛɛ yɛ Europa fɛɛ. Abɔ amaniɛ akɛ France kɛ Germany maji ashikpɔji lɛ fa kpotoo ji enɔ̃ ni Sweden kɛ England shikpɔji lɛ amlijaa enumɔ mli enyɔ loo nɔ ni fe nakai ji enɔ̃. Mɛni jɛ mli ba? Wolo, A History of Civilization lɛ kɛɛ, “Roma anunyam lɛ da babaoo diɛŋtsɛ yɛ afii 1400 lɛ naagbee gbɛ kɛ 1500 lɛ shishijee mli, ni bɔ ni ehe hiaa yɛ maŋkwramɔŋ lɛ shwere yɛ be kuku ko mli.” Shi enunyam lɛ fɛɛ ba kɛ nyɔmɔbɔɔ, ni bɔni afee ni ebaa fɛɛ yi lɛ, esa akɛ paapa nitsumɔ he lɛ atao shika kɛjɛ he kroko. Yɛ be mli ni etsɔɔ gbɛi sɔrɔtoi anɔ ni atsɔ atsu enɛ he nii lɛ mli lɛ, yinɔsane-ŋmalɔ Will Durant ŋma akɛ:

“Esa akɛ mɔ fɛɛ mɔ ni sɔlemɔ lɛ ehala lɛ lɛ kɛ nɔ ko amaje paapa lɛ Nɔyeli he lɛ—paapa lɛ nitsumɔ nɔkwɛmɔ gbɛjianɔtoi lɛ—shika ni baa enitsumɔ he lɛ yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afi lɛ mli (“annates”) lɛ fã, ni yɛ no sɛɛ daa afi lɛ mlijaa nyɔŋma mli ekome. Esa akɛ osɔfonukpa hee awo shika ni fa aha paapa lɛ yɛ ekuɛnii lɛ hewɔ—too he tsɔi yɛŋ ni akɛfee mama ni ekɛfɔ̃ɔ ekuɛ, ni maa ehalamɔ nɔ mi, ní eji ehegbɛ kɛ gbɛhe he okadi lɛ. Kɛji osɔfo titri ko, loo osɔfonukpa ko loo nɔ gbo lɛ, lɛ diɛŋtsɛ enibii ni eyɔɔ lɛ kuɔ sɛɛ ebaa paapa lɛ dɛŋ. . . . Akpaa gbɛ akɛ akɛ nikeenii aaato kojomɔ kpakpa loo duromɔ ko ni akɛaajɛ Paapa lɛ Nitsumɔ he lɛ akɛha lɛ najiaŋ, ni yɛ bei komɛi amli lɛ nikeenii lɛ nɔ adamɔɔ akɛ kojomɔ haa.”

4. Ninamɔ ni baa sɔlemɔ lɛ mli lɛ sa paapa nitsumɔ hé lɛ he yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?

⁴ Yɛ naagbee lɛ shika babaoo ni baa paapa lɛ shika adekai amli daa afi lɛ ha amɛye shika lɛ ni amɛju bɔ ni amɛaanyɛ. Awie akɛ, ‘paapa lɛ po nyɛŋ amɔ blɛgi mli ni ekpaŋ ewaobii ahe,’ ni sɔlemɔ lɛ he yinɔsane yɛ nɛkɛ be nɛɛ mli lɛ na nɔ ni yinɔsane-ŋmalɔ ko tsɛ lɛ “paapai ni ji jeŋbii diɛŋtsɛ ni ye nɔ kɛtsara nɔ” lɛ. Mɛi ni fata mɛnɛɛmɛi ahe ji Sixtus IV (paapa, 1471-84), ni fite shika babaoo ekɛma Sistine Sɔlemɔtsu lɛ, ni ekɛ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ egbɛi wo tsu nɛɛ, ni eha ewɔfaasei babaoo ni ji hii kɛ yei fɛɛ na shika babaoo; Alexander VI (paapa, 1492-1503), Rodrigo Borgia, ni hé gbɛi gbonyo, ni kpɛlɛ ajwamaŋbii ni efɔ lɛ nɔ yɛ faŋŋ mli ní eha amɛ hegbɛi hu lɛ; kɛ Julius II (paapa, 1503-13), Sixtus IV wɔfaase, ni tuu ehe eha tawuu, maŋkwramɔ, kɛ nitɛŋmɔ babaoo fe esɔfoi-anitsumɔi lɛ. Bembuu diɛŋtsɛ yɛ nɔ ni Dutch Katolek woloŋlelɔ Erasmus ŋma yɛ 1518 lɛ mli, akɛ: “Roma Paapa lɛ Nitsumɔ he lɛ hiɛ ni gbooo nɔ̃ lɛ eshɛ he ni kwɔ fe fɛɛ.”

5. Mɛni woji ni mɛi ni hi shi yɛ nakai bei lɛ amli lɛ ŋmala lɛ wie yɛ osɔfoi lɛ ajeŋba he?

⁵ Jeee paapa lɛ kɛ enitsumɔ he lɛ pɛ fitemɔ kɛ jeŋba shara nɛɛ yaa nɔ yɛ. Wiemɔ ko ni afɔɔ wiemɔ yɛ nakai be lɛ mli ji: “Kɛ oosumɔ ni ofite obinuu lɛ, feemɔ lɛ osɔfo.” Nibii ni tee nɔ yɛ nakai be lɛ mli ni aŋmala shwie shi lɛ fiɔ enɛ sɛɛ. Taakɛ Durant tsɔɔ lɛ, yɛ England lɛ, “yɛ naafolɔmɔi ni kɔɔ [bɔlɛnamɔ mli] henɔyeli ni bɛ he, ni akɛtee saneyeli hei yɛ 1499 mli lɛ agbɛfaŋ lɛ, . . . osɔfoi ni etɔ̃ yɛ enɛ mli lɛ ayifalɛ shɛɔ oha fɛɛ mli 23 yɛ nɔtɔlɔi lɛ fɛɛ ateŋ, tsɛbelɛ osɔfoi lɛ ayifalɛ shɛɛɛ oha fɛɛ mli 2 yɛ gbɔmɛi lɛ ateŋ. Osɔfoi ni boɔ eshai ni ajajeɔ lɛ atoi lɛ ateŋ mɛi komɛi biɔ ni yei ni jajeɔ amɛhe eshai lɛ kɛ amɛ ana bɔlɛ. Osɔfoi akpei abɔ yɛ hemɛi; etamɔ nɔ ni nakai amɛ fɛɛ amɛji yɛ Germany.” (Okɛto 1 Korintobii 6:9-11; Efesobii 5:5 he.) Jeŋbai gbohii lɛ yashɛ hei krokomɛi hu. Awieɔ akɛ Spanianyo ko ni hi shi yɛ nakai be lɛ mli lɛ ye ŋkɔmɔ akɛ: “Minaa akɛ wɔnaaa nɔ ko nɔ ko kɛjɛɛɛ Kristo sɔɔlɔi lɛ adɛŋ akɛ ja shika bimɔ; yɛ baptisimɔ mli lɛ shika . . . yɛ gbalashihilɛ mli lɛ shika, kɛha eshai jajemɔ lɛ shika—dabi, jeee mɔ ni gboɔ lɛ mufɔɔ [naagbee kusum] ni shika bɛ mli! Amɛtswaŋ ŋmɛlɛ ni shika fataaa he, afuŋ mɔ ko yɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli ni shika fataaa he; no hewɔ lɛ etamɔ nɔ ni aŋa Paradeiso yi awo mɛi ni bɛ shika lɛ.”—Okɛto 1 Timoteo 6:10 he.

6. Te Machiavelli tsɔɔ bɔ ni Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ yɔɔ lɛ mli eha tɛŋŋ? (Romabii 2:21-24)

⁶ Wɔmiitsɛ Machiavelli, Italia jeŋ nilelɔ ni ehe gbɛi ni hi shi yɛ nakai be lɛ mli lɛ wiemɔi ni wɔkɛmu shihilɛ ni Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ yɔɔ mli yɛ afii ohai 16 lɛ shishijee lɛ naa:

“Eji abaa Kristojamɔ yi yɛ e-Shishitolɔ lɛ akpɔi lɛ anaa kulɛ, Kristendom maŋ muu lɛ fɛɛ baafee ekome ni amɛbaana miishɛɛ hu fe bɔ ni amɛyɔɔ lɛ. Agbɛnɛ efitemɔ lɛ he odaseyeli kpele ko bɛ ni fe anɔkwale ni eji akɛ babaoo ni gbɔmɛi lɛ bɛŋkɛɔ Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ, ni ji amɛjamɔ lɛ yitso lɛ he lɛ, babaoo ni amɛbafeɔ mɛi ni kɛ jamɔ tsuuu nii kwraa ji no.”

Shishijee Mɔdɛŋbɔi akɛ Akɛbaasaa

7. Mɛɛ mɔdɛŋ ni hewalɛ bɛ mli sɔlemɔ lɛ bɔ koni ekɛjaje nibii gbohii ni afeɔ lɛ ekomɛi?

⁷ Jeee gbɔmɛi tamɔ Erasmus kɛ Machiavelli pɛ kadi naagba ni yɔɔ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli lɛ, shi moŋ sɔlemɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ. Sɔlemɔ lɛ to bɛgwafoi koni akɛtsu nibii ni awieɔ ashiɔ kɛ nibii ni afeɔ kɛtekeɔ nɔ lɛ ekomɛi ahe nii, shi nɔ kpakpa ni sɛɛ tsɛɔ jɛɛɛ mli baaa. Akɛni paapai lɛ amii eshɛ amɛhe yɛ hewalɛ kɛ anunyam mli ni amɛyɔɔ lɛ hewɔ lɛ, amɛje mɛi anijiaŋ wui yɛ saamɔ he mɔdɛŋbɔi diɛŋtsɛ lɛ amli.

8. Mɛni jɛ nibii ni sɔlemɔ lɛ tee nɔ eku ehiɛ eshwie nɔ lɛ mli ba?

⁸ Eji sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ hiɛdɔɔ tsu amɛwe lɛ mli saamɔ he nii jogbaŋŋ kulɛ, ekolɛ Saamɔ he ebahiaŋ. Shi, taakɛ eji lɛ, abɔi bolɔmɔ ni abolɔɔ akɛ asaa nibii lɛ he numɔ kɛjɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli kɛ esɛɛ fɛɛ. Wɔtsɔ hiɛ wɔtsi Waldensebii kɛ Albigensebii lɛ ata momo yɛ Yitso 11 lɛ mli. Eyɛ mli akɛ abu amɛ fɔ akɛ musubɔlɔi loo jamɔŋ atuatselɔi, ni akɛ yiwalɛ kpata amɛhiɛ moŋ, shi amɛtee gbɔmɛi lɛ amlifu shi yɛ nibii ni Katolek osɔfoi lɛ feɔ ni ejaaa lɛ he ni amɛkanya miishɛɛ yɛ Biblia lɛ ni aaaku sɛɛ aya mli lɛ he. Ana henumɔi ni tamɔ nɛkɛ yɛ shishijee Saalɔi lɛ pii amli.

Wiemɔi-kɛ-Shimɔi ni Jɛ Sɔlemɔ lɛ Mli

9. Namɔ ji John Wycliffe, ni eshiɛ eshi mɛni?

⁹ John Wycliffe (1330?-84) ni afɔɔ lɛ tsɛmɔ akɛ “Saamɔ lɛ leebi ŋulami lɛ” ji Katolek osɔfo kɛ jamɔ he nilelɔ kpanaa yɛ Oxford, England. Akɛni ele nibii ni ejaaa ni yaa nɔ yɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli lɛ jogbaŋŋ hewɔ lɛ, eŋmala woji ni eshiɛ eshi nibii gbohii ni yaa nɔ yɛ mɔ kome shihilɔi ashihilɛ hei, paapa lɛ tooyeli, ákɛ yɛ Nuŋtsɔ lɛ gbɛkɛnaashi niyenii lɛ shishi lɛ aboloo lɛ kɛ wein lɛ tsɔɔ Yesu Kristo gbɔmɔtso kɛ ela diɛŋtsɛ lɛ, eshai ajajemɔ, kɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ he ni ekɛwoɔ maŋkwramɔŋ saji amli lɛ.

10. Wycliffe tsɔɔ ehe ni etuu eha Biblia lɛ yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?

¹⁰ Wycliffe titri ji mɔ ni yɔɔ veveeve waa kɛ eba bɔ ni sɔlemɔ lɛ eku ehiɛ eshwie Biblia lɛ ni aaatsɔɔ mɛi lɛ nɔ lɛ. Ejaje be ko akɛ: “Nyɔŋmɔ baasumɔ ni sɔlemɔ fɛɛ sɔlemɔ ni yɔɔ shikpɔŋ nɛɛ nɔ lɛ ana Biblia kpakpa, kɛ sanekpakpa lɛ mlitsɔɔmɔ kpakpa, ni ákɛ osɔfoi lɛ aaakase enɛ jogbaŋŋ, ni amɛtsɔɔ gbɔmɛi lɛ sanekpakpa lɛ kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ famɔi lɛ diɛŋtsɛ!” Yɛ enɛ hewɔ lɛ, Wycliffe ŋɔ nitsumɔ efɔ enɔ akɛ ebaatsɔɔ Latin Vulgate Biblia lɛ shishi kɛba Ŋleshi Blɔfo mli yɛ eshihilɛ be lɛ mli naagbee afii lɛ amli. Yɛ ehefatalɔi, titri lɛ Nicholas ni jɛ Hereford lɛ ayelikɛbuamɔ naa lɛ, egbe klɛŋklɛŋ Biblia muu lɛ fɛɛ ni yɔɔ Ŋleshi Blɔfo wiemɔ mli lɛ naa. Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ no ji Wycliffe yelikɛbuamɔ kpele kɛha Nyɔŋmɔ sɛɛ gbɛ ni adesai taoɔ lɛ.

11. (a) Mɛni Wycliffe sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ nyɛ amɛtsu? (b) Mɛni ba Lollardbii lɛ anɔ?

¹¹ Shiɛlɔi akuu ko ni afɔɔ amɛ tsɛmɔ akɛ “Osɔfoi Ohiafoi,” akɛni amɛwoɔ atadei foji kɛnyiɛɔ, ní amɛwooo tokotai, ni amɛbɛ heloo naa nibii hu lɛ ja Wycliffe niŋmaai kɛ Biblia lɛ fai komɛi amɛha yɛ England fɛɛ. Aye amɛhe fɛo ni atsɛ amɛ Lollardbii, ni jɛ Blema Dutch wiemɔ Lollaerd mli, loo “mɔ ni sɔleɔ loo elaa yɛ esɛŋ.” (Brewer’s Dictionary of Phrase and Fable) Wolo ni ji The Lollards lɛ kɛɛ: “Amɛyi bafa diɛŋtsɛ yɛ afii fioo pɛ mli. Abu naa akɛ maŋ lɛ mlibii ayifalɛ mlijaa ejwɛ mli ekome ji mɛi ni kɛɔ loo amɛdiɔ tsɔɔmɔi nɛɛ asɛɛ.” Shi, enɛɛmɛi fɛɛ jeee saji ni tee nɔ ni sɔlemɔ lɛ enaaa. Akɛni ehe gbɛi yɛ nɔyelɔi lɛ kɛ woloŋlelɔi lɛ ateŋ hewɔ lɛ, aŋmɛ Wycliffe gbɛ ni egbo yɛ toiŋjɔlɛ mli yɛ afi 1384 naagbee gbi lɛ nɔ. Esɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ naaa hegbɛ ni tamɔ nakai. Atsɛ amɛ musubɔlɔi loo jamɔŋ atuatselɔi yɛ England maŋtsɛ Henry IV nɔyeli beaŋ, ni awo amɛteŋ mɛi pii atsuŋ, afee amɛ niseniiani, loo akɛ la sha amɛ kɛbote gbele mli.

12. Namɔ ji Jan Hus, ni eshiɛ eshi mɛni?

¹² Mɔ ni John Wycliffe na enɔ hewalɛ waa ji Bohemianyo (Czech) Jan Hus (1369?-1415), ni lɛ hu eji Katolek osɔfo kɛ University of Prague onukpa. Taakɛ Wycliffe ji lɛ, Hus shiɛ eshi jeŋba gbonyo ni yaa nɔ yɛ Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli lɛ ni ema bɔ ni Biblia kanemɔ he hiaa ha lɛ nɔ mi. Enɛ kɛ osɔfonukpai akuu lɛ mlifu ba enɔ oya. Yɛ 1403 mli lɛ, nɔyelɔi lɛ fa lɛ akɛ ekpa Wycliffe wiemɔi ni ekɛshiɔ paapa lɛ shiɛmɔ, ni amɛsha ewoji lɛ hu yɛ la mli yɛ maŋbii ahiɛ. Shi Hus tee nɔ eŋmala naafolɔmɔi ni mli wawai fe fɛɛ ni ekɛshiɔ sɔlemɔ lɛ ekomɛi, ni eshai ni akɛkeɔ ni ahɔ̃ɔ lɛ fata he lɛ.a Abu lɛ fɔ ni ashwie lɛ kɛjɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli yɛ 1410.

13. (a) Mɛni Hus tsɔɔ akɛ no ji anɔkwa sɔlemɔ lɛ? (b) Mɛni jɛ Hus shifimɔ nɛɛ mli ba?

¹³ Hus eŋmɛɛɛ saji ahe ni ekɛsaa yɛ Biblia lɛ sɛɛ ni efiɔ lɛ mli. Eŋma akɛ, “ni oootse atua oshi paapa ni tɔ̃ɔ lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ oobo Kristo toi.” Etsɔɔ hu akɛ anɔkwale sɔlemɔ lɛ “ji mɛi ni ahala amɛ lɛ fɛɛ ayibɔ kɛ Kristo gbɔmɔtso ni yɔɔ naakpɛɛ lɛ, ni eyitso ji Kristo lɛ; kɛ Kristo ayemforo lɛ, ni yɛ esuɔmɔ kpele lɛ hewɔ lɛ ekɛ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ela lɛ kpɔ amɛ lɛ,” shi jeee paapa lɛ kɛ Roma gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ kwraa. (Okɛto Efesobii 1:22, 23; 5:25-27 he.) Yɛ enɛɛmɛi fɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, aye esane yɛ Konstans Bɛgwafoi lɛ ahiɛ ni abu lɛ fɔ akɛ musubɔlɔ loo jamɔŋ atuatselɔ. Akɛni ejaje akɛ “ehi moŋ akɛ ooogbo jogbaŋŋ fe ni ooohi shi kɛ efɔŋ” hewɔ lɛ, ekpoo akɛ eeeje ehe sɛɛ, ni ashã lɛ yɛ tso he akɛgbe lɛ yɛ 1415. Nakai bɛgwafoi lɛ nɔŋŋ fa ni atsa Wycliffe wui ni ashã, eyɛ mli akɛ kɛjɛ be ni egbo ni afu lɛ lɛ, nɔ ni fe afii 30 eho!

14. (a) Namɔ ji Girolamo Savonarola? (b) Mɛni Savonarola bɔ mɔdɛŋ akɛ eeefee, ni mɛni jɛ mli ba?

¹⁴ Mra be mli Saalɔ kroko hu ji Dominikan osɔfo Girolamo Savonarola (1452-98) ni yɔɔ San Marcos mɔ kome shihilɔi ashihilɛ hé yɛ Florence, Italia lɛ. Akɛni Italia Tsakemɔ kɛha Ekpakpa mumɔ lɛ eye nɔ hewɔ lɛ, Savonarola wie eshi fitemɔ ni yɔɔ Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ Nɔyeli lɛ mli lɛ fɛɛ. Akɛni ekɛɛ ena Ŋmalɛ naa nɔdaamɔ nɔ, kɛ agbɛnɛ ninaai kɛ kpojiemɔi ni ajie lɛ kpo atsɔɔ lɛ hewɔ lɛ, etao akɛ eeeto Kristofoi amaŋ, loo teokrase gbɛjianɔtoo ema shi. Paapa lɛ shwie lɛ kɛjɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli yɛ 1497. Yɛ no sɛɛ afi lɛ, amɔ lɛ, ni afee lɛ niseniianii, ni asɛŋ lɛ. Enaagbee wiemɔi ji: “Mi-Nuŋtsɔ lɛ gbo kɛha mihe eshai; ani esaaa akɛ mikɛ nɛkɛ wala ni baa shi nɛɛ haa lɛ yɛ miishɛɛ mli?” Ashã egbonyo lɛ ni akɛ elamlu lɛ shwã Arno faa lɛ hiɛ. Savonarola tsɛ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ehe “hiɛnyiɛlɔ kɛ afɔleshaa nɔ” yɛ gbɛ ni ja nɔ. No sɛɛ afii fioo lɛ, Saamɔ lɛ kɛ hewalɛ gbɛ eshwa Europa fɛɛ.

Shia ni Mli Egbala

15. Reformation loo Jamɔ Saamɔ kuu lɛ gbala Kristendom mli yɛ Europa Anaigbɛ yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?

¹⁵ Beni Saamɔ lɛ ahum lɛ fɛ yɛ naagbee lɛ, ekumɔ Kristendom jamɔ we ni yɔɔ Europa Anaigbɛ lɛ wɔtsɔwɔtsɔ. Akɛni amɛhi Roma Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ hewalɛ shishi kwraa hewɔ lɛ, ebatsɔ shia ni mli egbala agbɛnɛ. Europa Wuoyigbɛ—Italia, Spania, Austria, kɛ France hei komɛi—hi shi akɛ Katolekbii titri. Mɛi ni eshwɛ lɛ yabote kui titrii etɛ mli: Lutherbii yɛ Germany kɛ Scandinavia; Calvinbii (loo mɛi ni Amɛsaa) lɛ yɛ Switzerland, Netherlands, Scotland, kɛ France hei komɛi; kɛ Anglican yɛ England. Mɛi ni amɛgbɛ amɛshwa mɛnɛɛmɛi ateŋ ji kui bibii ni yɔɔ veveeve, klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ Anabaptistbii, kɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ Mennobii, Hutterbii kɛ Puritanbii ní yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ amɛkɛ amɛhemɔkɛyeli lɛ tee Amerika Kooyigbɛ lɛ.

16. Yɛ naagbee kwraa lɛ, mɛni ba Kristendom shia lɛ nɔ? (Marko 3:25)

¹⁶ Beni afii lɛ hoɔ lɛ, nɛkɛ kui titrii nɛɛ amli gbala lolo kɛbatsɔmɔ jamɔ kui sɔrɔtoi ohai abɔ ni yɔɔ ŋmɛnɛ lɛ, ni kɛ wɔɔtsi fioo ko ta lɛ—Presbyteria, Episkopal, Methodist, Baptist, Congregational. Kristendom batsɔ shia ni mli egbala lɛlɛŋ. Te fee tɛŋŋ ni nɛkɛ mligbalamɔi nɛɛ ba lɛ?

Luther kɛ e-Tsɔɔmɔi Lɛ

17. Mɛɛ be abaanyɛ akɛha akɛ no mli aje Protestant Jamɔ Saamɔ lɛ shishi diɛŋtsɛ?

¹⁷ Kɛji abaanyɛ atsɔɔ be pɔtɛɛ ni Protestant Saamɔ lɛ je shishi lɛ, ebaafee October 31, 1517, beni Augustinia mɔ kome shihilɔ Martin Luther (1483-1546) kala etsɔɔmɔi 95 ekpɛtɛ Wittenberg mɔ̃ɔ lɛ sɔlemɔtsu lɛ shinaa naa yɛ German maŋ ni ji Saxony mli lɛ. Shi, mɛni kɛ trukaa nifeemɔ nɛɛ ba? Namɔ ji Martin Luther? Ni ete shi ewo mɛni?

18. (a) Namɔ ji Martin Luther? (b) Mɛni kanya Luther ni no ha eŋma etsɔɔmɔi lɛ eha lɛ?

¹⁸ Taakɛ Wycliffe kɛ Hus ni tsɔ ehiɛ lɛ ji lɛ, Martin Luther ji mɔ kome shihilɔ kɛ woloŋlelɔ. Eji Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔ kpanaa kɛ Biblia kasemɔi ahe nilelɔ kpele yɛ University of Wittenberg. Luther fee gbɛi eha ehe yɛ Biblia lɛ shishi ni enu lɛ hewɔ. Eyɛ mli akɛ ehiɛ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ejwɛŋmɔi ni mli wa yɛ saji tamɔ yiwalaheremɔ, loo bembuu kɛtsɔ hemɔkɛyeli nɔ fe nitsumɔi loo he yi ni awaa nɔ moŋ, shi ebɛ ejwɛŋmɔ mli akɛ ebaashi Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, etsɔɔmɔi ni eŋmala lɛ jɛ nifeemɔ pɔtɛɛ ko, shi jeee atua ni eje gbɛ eto gbɛjianɔ etse. Eewie eeshi eshai ahe toigblamɔ ni akɛkeɔ yɛ shika ni awoɔ yɛ he hewɔ lɛ.

19. Mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ atsɔɔ atsuɔ eshai ahe toigbalamɔ ni akɛkeɔ lɛ he nii yɛ pɛsɛmkunya gbɛ nɔ ahaa, yɛ Luther be lɛ mli?

¹⁹ Jeee hiɛkalɔi pɛ ahɔ̃ɔ eshai ahe toigbalamɔ ni paapa lɛ kɛkeɔ lɛ ahaa yɛ faŋŋ, shi ahɔ̃ɔ ahaa gbohii lɛ hu, yɛ Luther be lɛ mli. Sane ko ni afɔɔ wiemɔ ji, “kɛji akɛ shika lɛ gbɛɛ yɛ shika adeka lɛ mli pɛ lɛ, kɛkɛ lɛ susuma ni yɔɔ Hetsuumɔ he lɛ ehuru.” Kɛha gbɔmɛi foji lɛ, esha he toigbalamɔ ni akɛkeɔ lɛ batsɔ nɔ ko tamɔ inshuɔrans ni akɛkuɔ esha fɛɛ esha he toigbalamɔ naa, kɛkɛ ni aŋmɛɛ tsuitsakemɔ he afɔ shi. Erasmus ŋma akɛ: “Ahɔ̃ɔ hetsuumɔ hé piŋmɔ ni akɛkeɔ lɛ yɛ he fɛɛ he; ni jeee hɔɔmɔ kɛkɛ ahɔɔ, shi anyɛɔ mɛi ni kpooɔ lɛ po nɔ koni amɛhe.”

20. (a) Mɛni hewɔ John Tetzel tee Jüterborg lɛ? (b) Mɛni Luther fee yɛ Tetzel ni hɔ̃ɔ eshai ahe toigbalamɔ ni akɛkeɔ lɛ hewɔ?

²⁰ Afi 1517 mli ni John Tetzel, ni ji Dominikan osɔfo, tee Jüterbog ni bɛŋkɛ Wittenberg lɛ, koni eyahɔ̃ɔ eshai ahe toigbalamɔ ni akɛkeɔ lɛ. Akɛ shika ni abaana lɛ fa baawo St. Peter’s Basilica [sɔlemɔtsu] ni yɔɔ Roma ni amaa ekoŋŋ lɛ he nyɔmɔ lɛ. Akɛ eko hu baaye abua Albert ni jɛ Brandenburg lɛ koni enyɛ ewo shika ni eyafa ní ekɛwo Roma Paapa lɛ Nitsumɔ Hé lɛ nyɔmɔ yɛ osɔfonukpa gbɛhe ni ena yɛ Mainz lɛ hewɔ lɛ. Tetzel kɛ enihɔɔmɔ he ŋaa kɛ hesaa lɛ fɛɛ tsu nii, ni gbɔmɛi lɛ bua amɛhe naa kɛba eŋɔɔ. Luther mli fu, ni etsɔ gbɛ ni yɔɔ oya fe fɛɛ ni eyɔɔ lɛ nɔ ekɛtsɔɔ bɔ ni enuɔ nakai nifeemɔ ni tamɔ shwɛmɔ nɛɛ he ehaa lɛ yɛ faŋŋ—kɛtsɔ naataomɔ saji 95 ni ekala ekpɛtɛ sɔlemɔtsu lɛ shinaa lɛ naa lɛ nɔ.

21. Mɛɛ naataomɔi Luther kɛtsu nii ni ekɛte shi eshi eshai ahe toigbalamɔ ni akɛkeɔ ni ahɔ̃ɔ aheɔ shika lɛ?

²¹ Luther tsɛ etsɔɔmɔi 95 lɛ Ŋwanejee Koni Atsɔɔ Hewalɛ ni Eshai Ahe Toigbalamɔ ni Ahɔɔ Aheɔ Shika lɛ Yɔɔ lɛ Mli. Eyiŋtoo jeee ni eje hewalɛ ni sɔlemɔ lɛ yɔɔ lɛ he ŋwane shi moŋ ni etsi nibii ni afeɔ kɛtekeɔ nɔ kɛ sane fɔŋ ni ayeɔ yɛ eshai ahe toigbalamɔ ni paapa lɛ kɛkeɔ kɛtsɔɔ shika ni aheɔ nɔ lɛ ata. Abaanyɛ ana enɛ yɛ tsɔɔmɔi ni nyiɛ sɛɛ nɛɛ amli:

“5. Paapa lɛ bɛ hegbɛ loo hewalɛ ni ekɛ toigbalamɔi keɔ, ja nɔ ni etsɔ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ehewalɛ nɔ ekɛha. . . .

20. No hewɔ lɛ kɛ paapa lɛ miiwie eshai ahe toigbalamɔi fɛɛ ni ekɛkeɔ lɛ he lɛ, jeee fɛɛ diɛŋtsɛ etsɔɔ lɛ, shi nɔ ni lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ekɛgbalaa mɛi atoi lɛ pɛ. . . .

36. Kristofonyo fɛɛ Kristofonyo ni nuɔ he akɛ ejwɛŋmɔ miigba enaa lɛlɛŋ lɛ yɛ hegbɛ ákɛ akɛ ehe eshai ahe toigbalamɔi kɛ efɔŋ fɛɛ keɔ lɛ ni faikpamɔ he woji bɛ mli.”

22. (a) Mɛni ba yɛ be mli ni Luther sane lɛ gbɛɔ eshwaa lɛ? (b) Mɛni ba yɛ 1520 ni kɔɔ Luther he, ni mɛni jɛ mli ba?

²² Akɛni woji akalamɔ tsɔne hee ni afee lɛ ye bua lɛ hewɔ lɛ, etsɛɛɛ ni nɛkɛ saji ni kɛ béi baa nɛɛ shɛ hei krokomɛi yɛ Germany—kɛ Roma. Etsɛɛɛ ni nɔ ni je shishi tamɔ woloŋlee he naataomɔ yɛ eshai ahe toigbalamɔ ni akɛkeɔ kɛtsɔɔ ehɔɔmɔ nɔ lɛ batsɔ hemɔkɛyeli kɛ paapa lɛ hegbɛi ahe saji ahe ŋwanejee kɛ béi. Klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ, Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ Luther je ŋwane ni amɛfa lɛ ni eŋmɛɛ he. Beni Luther kpoo nakai feemɔ lɛ, osɔfoi lɛ kɛ maŋkwramɔŋ hewalɛi lɛ fɛɛ kɛ nɔnyɛɛ ba enɔ. Yɛ 1520 mli lɛ, paapa lɛ fee mla ko ni tsi Luther naa akɛ ekashiɛ ni efa akɛ ashã ewoji lɛ. Yɛ enɛ kpoomɔ mli lɛ, Luther shã paapa lɛ mla lɛ yɛ faŋŋ mli yɛ mɛi ahiɛ. Paapa lɛ shwie lɛ kɛjɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli yɛ afi 1521.

23. (a) Mɛni ji Worms Gwabɔɔ lɛ? (b) Luther tsɔɔ eshidaamɔ lɛ mli yɛ Worms yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ, ni mɛni jɛ mli ba?

²³ Sɛɛ mli yɛ nakai afi lɛ mli lɛ, atsɛ Luther ni eba gwabɔɔ lɛ hiɛ yɛ Worms. Roma Maŋtsɛyeli Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ maŋtsɛ, Charles V, ni eji Katoleknyo ni kɛ ejamɔ shwɛɛɛ lɛ kɛ mɛi ekpaa ni ahala amɛ kɛjɛ Germany maji lɛ amli lɛ kɛ hiɛnyiɛlɔi kɛ hiɛnaanɔ bii yɛ jamɔ gbɛfaŋ kɛ je lɛ gbɛfaŋ ye esane. Beni anyɛ enɔ ekoŋŋ akɛ ekwa nɔ ni efeɔ lɛ, Luther wie ewiemɔ ko ni he gbɛi lɛ, akɛ: “Ja Ŋmalɛ kɛ shishinumɔ ni mli ka shi faŋŋ etsɔɔ akɛ mitɔ̃, kɛ jeee nakai lɛ . . . , minyɛŋ ni mikwaŋ nɔ ko nɔ ko, ejaakɛ ni aaate shi awo henilee lɛ ejaaa ni asaŋ ebɛ shweshweeshwe hu. Nyɔŋmɔ aye abua mi. Amen.” No hewɔ lɛ, maŋtsɛ lɛ bu lɛ akɛ atuatselɔ ni mla ebuuu ehe. Shi lɛ diɛŋtsɛ e-German maŋ lɛ mli nɔyelɔ, Halalɔ Frederick ni jɛ Saxony lɛ, baye ebua lɛ, ni eha lɛ shihilɛ he yɛ Wartburg mɔɔ lɛ mli.

24. Mɛni Luther nyɛ etsu yɛ be mli ni eyɔɔ Wartburg mɔɔ lɛ mli lɛ?

²⁴ Shi nɛkɛ nibii nɛɛ nyɛɛɛ atsi Luther tsɔɔmɔi lɛ gbɛɛ-kɛ-shwamɔ naa. Luther kɛ nyɔji nyɔŋma hi Wartburg yibaamɔ hé lɛ, ni etu ehe eha niŋmaa kɛ Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔ. Ejɛ Erasmus Hela ŋmalɛ lɛ mli etsɔɔ Hela Ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishi kɛtee German wiemɔ mli. Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ nyiɛ sɛɛ yɛ sɛɛ mli. Luther Biblia lɛ bafee nɔ pɛpɛɛpɛ ni he hiaa gbɔmɛi foji lɛ. Abɔ amaniɛ akɛ “ahɔɔ akpei enumɔ yɛ nyɔji enyɔ mli, akpei ohai enyɔ yɛ afii nyɔŋma kɛ enyɔ mli.” Yɛ be babaoo mli lɛ akɛ bɔ ni ena German wiemɔ kɛ kusum nifeemɔi anɔ hewalɛ eha lɛ toɔ hewalɛ ni King James Version lɛ na yɛ Ŋleshi Blɔfo wiemɔ nɔ lɛ he.

25. (a) Te fee tɛŋŋ ni ana gbɛi, Protestant lɛ? (b) Mɛni ji Augsburg Sane-Jajemɔ lɛ?

²⁵ Saamɔ kuu lɛ he gbɛi yɛ afii ni nyiɛ sɛɛ ba lɛ amli ni mɛi pii bafi sɛɛ akɛ yɛ 1526 mli lɛ, maŋtsɛ lɛ ŋmɛ gbɛ akɛ German maŋ fɛɛ maŋ yɛ hegbɛ akɛ ehalaa lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ejamɔ, kɛ Luther jamɔ loo Roma Katolek jamɔ. Shi, yɛ 1529, beni maŋtsɛ lɛ tsake eyiŋkpɛɛ lɛ, German abladei lɛ ekomɛi te shi wo enɛ; ni enɛ ha ana gbɛi Protestant aha Saamɔ kuu lɛ. Maŋtsɛ lɛ bɔ mɔdɛŋ yɛ no sɛɛ afi, 1530, koni asaa mligbalamɔi ni ete shi yɛ kui enyɔ lɛ ateŋ lɛ, yɛ Augsburg Gwabɔɔ lɛ shishi. Lutherbii lɛ ŋmala amɛ hemɔkɛyelii lɛ amɛha yɛ wolokpo mli, Augsburg Sane-Jajemɔ lɛ, ni mɔ ni ŋma ji Philipp Melanchthon, shi edamɔ Luther tsɔɔmɔi lɛ anɔ. Eyɛ mli akɛ wolokpo lɛ mli wiemɔi lɛ hiɛ kpatamɔ gbee moŋ, shi Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ kpoo, ni bei ni baka Protestant-jamɔ kɛ Katolek-jamɔ teŋ lɛ bafee jɔɔ ni anyɛŋ atsĩ loo béi ni anyɛŋ asaa. Germany maji pii yafata Luther he, ni etsɛɛ ni Scandinavia maji lɛ hu fee nakai.

Saamɔ loo Atuatsemɔ?

26. Taakɛ Luther tsɔɔ lɛ, mɛni ji shishijee saji otii ni gbalaa Protestant jamɔ kɛ Katolek jamɔ lɛ mli lɛ?

²⁶ Mɛni ji shishijee saji otii ni gbalaa Protestantbii lɛ kɛ Roma Katolekbii lɛ ateŋ? Taakɛ Luther tsɔɔ lɛ, saji etɛ. Klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ, Luther he ye akɛ yiwalaheremɔ baa kɛjɛɔ “bembuu kɛtsɔ hemɔkɛyeli pɛ nɔ,” (Latin, sola fide)b shi jeee kɛmiijɛ osɔfoi ni haa mɔ yeɔ ehe kɛjɛɔ toigbalamɔ ni baajɛ esha mli aba lɛ aŋɔɔ loo kɛtsɔ gbɔmɔtso lɛ piŋmɔ nɔ. Nɔ ni ji enyɔ lɛ, etsɔɔ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ duromɔ (sola gratia) pɛ nɔ atsɔɔ akɛ eshai keɔ shi jeee kɛtsɔ osɔfoi loo paapai lɛ ahewalɛ nɔ. Yɛ naagbee lɛ, Luther tsɔɔ akɛ esa akɛ Ŋmalɛ lɛ pɛ (sola scriptura) ama tsɔɔmɔi ahe saji fɛɛ nɔ mi shi jeee papai loo sɔlemɔ gwabɔɔi.

27. (a) Mɛɛ Katolek tsɔɔmɔi kɛ nifeemɔi ni kɛ ŋmalɛi lɛ kpaaa gbee Protestantbii lɛ tee nɔ amɛhiɛ mli? (b) Mɛɛ tsakemɔi Protestantbii lɛ bi ni afee?

²⁷ Yɛ enɛ sɛɛ po lɛ, The Catholic Encyclopedia lɛ kɛɛ Luther “mɔ blema hemɔkɛyelii kɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ jamɔ he gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ babaoo ni eeenyɛ eha ekɛ bɔ ni esusuɔ esha kɛ bembuu he ehaa lɛ akpa gbee lɛ mli.” Augsburg Sane-Jajemɔ lɛ wie Lutherbii ahemɔkɛyeli lɛ he akɛ “nɔ ko bɛ ni kɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ, aloo Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ, loo Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ kpaaa gbee, yɛ bɔ ni woloŋmalalɔi eha ale Sɔlemɔ lɛ aha hewɔ.” Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, nɔ ni fata Lutherbii ahemɔkɛyeli ni atsɔɔ mli yɛ Augsburg Sane-Jajemɔ lɛ mli lɛ he ji tsɔɔmɔi ni bɛ ŋmalɛ lɛ mli tamɔ Triniti, susuma ni gbooo, kɛ naanɔ piŋmɔ, kɛ agbɛnɛ nifeemɔi tamɔ fufɔobii abaptisimɔ kɛ sɔlemɔ gbijujii kɛ okpɔlɔŋmɛɛi. Yɛ gbɛ kroko nɔ lɛ, Lutherbii lɛ bi ni afee tsakemɔi komɛi, tamɔ akɛ aŋmɛ gbɔmɛi lɛ agbɛ ni amɛnu wein lɛ eko ni amɛye aboloo lɛ eko yɛ Nuŋtsɔ Niyenii lɛ shishi, ni akɛ agu gbalashihilɛ ni aboteee mli, mɔ kome shihilɔi akitai kɛ esha jajemɔ kɛ nɔnyɛɛ lɛ.c

28. Reformation loo Jamɔ Saamɔ lɛ ye omanye yɛ mɛni mli, ni mɛni mli eyeee omanye yɛ?

²⁸ Kɛ aaamua fɛɛ naa lɛ, Jamɔ Saamɔ ni Luther kɛ esɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ kɛba lɛ nyɛ etse ehe kɛjɛ paapa lɛ kɔŋtso lɛ shishi. Ni kɛlɛ, taakɛ Yesu wie yɛ Yohane 4:24 lɛ, “Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ, mumɔŋ, ni mɛi ni jaa lɛ lɛ, ja amɛja lɛ yɛ mumɔ kɛ anɔkwale mli.” Abaanyɛ awie akɛ, yɛ Martin Luther gbɛfaŋ lɛ, anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ sɛɛ gbɛ ni adesai taoɔ lɛ tsɔ gbɛ kroko nɔ kɛkɛ; anɔkwale gbɛ ni yɔɔ fintɔɔ lɛ yɛ shɔŋŋ lolo.—Mateo 7:13, 14; Yohane 8:31, 32.

Zwingli Saamɔ lɛ yɛ Switzerland

29. (a) Namɔ ji Ulrich Zwingli, ni mɛni eshiɛ eshi? (b) Zwingli saamɔ loo tsakemɔ lɛ yɛ sɔrɔto yɛ Luther nɔ̃ lɛ he yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?

²⁹ Yɛ be mli ni Luther bɛ deka kwraa ni ekɛ paapa lɛ bɔfoi lɛ kɛ maŋ lɛ mli nɔyelɔi ni yɔɔ Germany lɛ taoɔ saji anaa lɛ, Katolek osɔfo Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) je esaamɔ loo tsakemɔ kuu lɛ shishi yɛ Zurich, Switzerland. Akɛni mɛi ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ wieɔ German wiemɔ hewɔ lɛ, no mli lɛ bɔ ni saamɔ loo tsakemɔ lɛ yaa nɔ yɛ kooyigbɛ lɛ esa amɛhe momo. Afi 1519 mli ni Zwingli je shishi eshiɛ eshi eshai ahe toigbalamɔ ni akɛkeɔ kɛtsɔɔ shika ni awoɔ nɔ, Maria jamɔ, osɔfoi ni boteee gbalashihilɛ mli lɛ, kɛ Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɔɔmɔi krokomɛi. Eyɛ mli akɛ Zwingli kɛɛ esoro lɛ yɛ Luther he moŋ, shi ekɛ Luther kpaa gbee yɛ nibii pii amli, ni eja Luther dɛhiɛmɔ woji bibii lɛ yɛ maŋ lɛ mli fɛɛ. Nɔ ni haa esoroɔ lɛ yɛ Luther ni sumɔɔ ni abaa blema nibii komɛi ayi lɛ he ji akɛ, Zwingli bi ni ajie Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ he nibii ni eshwɛ lɛ fɛɛ kɛya—amagai, sɛŋmɔtsei, osɔfoi atadei, kɛ jamɔ mli lalai lɛ po.

30. Mɛni ji sane titri ni gbalaa Zwingli kɛ Luther teŋ lɛ?

³⁰ Shi, béi ko ni hiɛdɔɔ yɔɔ mli ni ka Saalɔi enyɔ lɛ ateŋ lɛ kɔɔ Eucharist, loo Nuŋtsɔ Niyenii (Communion) lɛ he. Luther, ni maa nɔ mi akɛ esa akɛ anu Yesu wiemɔi, ‘Enɛ ji migbɔmɔtso’ lɛ shishi nakai nɔŋŋ lɛ, heɔ yeɔ akɛ Kristo gbɔmɔtso lɛ kɛ ela lɛ yɛ aboloo lɛ kɛ wein ni akɛhaa yɛ Niyenii lɛ shishi lɛ mli yɛ naakpɛɛ gbɛ nɔ. Shi Zwingli je enɛ he ŋwane, yɛ ewolo, On the Lord’s Supper lɛ mli ni ewie Yesu wiemɔ lɛ he akɛ “esa akɛ abu wiemɔ lɛ akɛ okadi loo nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ; ‘Enɛ ji migbɔmɔtso,’ tsɔɔ akɛ, ‘Aboloo lɛ damɔ shi kɛha migbɔmɔtso,’ loo ‘efeɔ migbɔmɔtso lɛ he mfoniri.’” Yɛ sɔrɔto-feemɔ nɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, Saalɔi enyɔ lɛ amli gbala.

31. Mɛni jɛ Zwingli nitsumɔ yɛ Switzerland lɛ mli ba?

³¹ Zwingli tee nɔ eshiɛ etsɔɔmɔi ni esaa lɛ yɛ Zurich ni eha mɛi pii tsake yɛ jɛmɛ. Etsɛɛɛ ni maŋtiasei pii bɔi esɛɛnyiɛmɔ, shi akɛni mɛi ni yɔɔ akrowai lɛ ateŋ mɛi pii sumɔɔɔ tsakemɔi hewɔ lɛ, amɛkɛ amɛhe kpɛtɛ Katolek jamɔ lɛ he. Bei ni ka kui enyɔ lɛ ateŋ lɛ mli bawa aahu akɛ maŋ ta te shi yɛ Swiss Protestantbii lɛ kɛ Roma Katolekbii lɛ ateŋ. Agbe Zwingli ni miisɔmɔ akɛ asraafoi ateŋ osɔfo lɛ yɛ Kappel, ni bɛŋkɛ Zug Kpaakpo lɛ tawuu lɛ mli, yɛ 1531. Beni yɛ naagbee lɛ toiŋjɔlɛ ba lɛ, aha kpokpaa lɛ eko fɛɛ eko hegbɛ akɛ ehala lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ejamɔ, Protestant loo Katolek.

Anabaptistbii, Mennobii kɛ Hutterbii

32. Namɛi ji Anabaptistbii lɛ, ni te fee tɛŋŋ ni amɛbana nakai gbɛi lɛ?

³² Shi, Protestantbii lɛ ateŋ mɛi komɛi nu he akɛ Saalɔi lɛ eyaaa shɔŋŋ bɔ ni sa yɛ paapa lɛ Katolek sɔlemɔ lɛ ni amɛwieɔ amɛshiɔ efatɔɔi lɛ mli. Amɛhe amɛye akɛ esa akɛ mɛi pɛ ni feɔ Kristofoi asafo lɛ afee anɔkwafoi ni abaptisi amɛ lɛ pɛ, shi jeee akutso kome loo maŋ kome mlibii fɛɛ. No hewɔ lɛ, amɛkpoo fufɔobii abaptisimɔ ni amɛma Sɔlemɔ lɛ ni esa akɛ etse ehe kɛjɛ Maŋ lɛ he lɛ nɔ mi. Amɛku sɛɛ amɛbaptisi amɛnanemɛi heyelilɔi lɛ ekoŋŋ yɛ teemɔŋ, ni enɛ ha amɛna gbɛi Anabaptistbii (ana shishi ji “ekoŋŋ” yɛ Hela wiemɔ mli). Akɛni amɛkpoo akɛ amɛaahiɛ tawuu nii, akɛ amɛaaka kita, aloo ni amɛaana gbɛhe yɛ maŋsɔɔmɔ mli hewɔ lɛ, abu amɛ akɛ mɛi ni woɔ kwasafo shihilɛ kpakpa he gbeyei, ni Katolekbii kɛ Protestantbii fɛɛ wa amɛyi.

33. (a) Mɛni ha akɛ basabasa-feemɔ te shi ashi Anabaptistbii lɛ? (b) Mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ Anabaptist tsɔɔmɔ lɛ gbɛ eshwa yɛ?

³³ Klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ, Anabaptistbii lɛ hi shi akɛ kui bibii ni amɛgbɛ amɛshwa Switzerland, Germany kɛ Netherlands maji lɛ fai komɛi amli. Yɛ be mli ni amɛshiɛɔ nɔ ni amɛheɔ amɛyeɔ lɛ yɛ he fɛɛ he ni amɛyaa lɛ, amɛyifalɛ tee hiɛ oyayaayai. Anabaptistbii akuu nɛɛ fa ko ni amɛjamɔŋ henumɔ lɛ ena amɛnɔ hewalɛ lɛ lɛ kpoo tawuu ni amɛkɛ amɛhe wooo mli lɛ, ni amɛyashɔ Münster maŋtiase lɛ yɛ afi 1534 ni amɛbɔ mɔdɛŋ ní amɛkɛ biɛ afee Yerusalem Hee ni ajaa nɔ fɛɛ nɔ pɛpɛɛpɛ yɛ mli, ni akɛ yei pii hiɔ shi hu. Akɛ basabasa-feemɔ kpele ba kuu nɛɛ shi oya nɔŋŋ. Eha Anabaptistbii na gbɛi gbonyo, ni abule amɛshishi kwraa. Shi, yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, Anabaptistbii nɛɛ ateŋ mɛi pii ji jamɔŋ gbɔmɛi foji kɛkɛ ni amɛmiibɔ mɔdɛŋ ni amɛhi shi akɛ mɛi ni etse amɛhe ni hiɔ shi kpoo. Anabaptistbii nɛɛ aseshibii ni ato amɛ gbɛjianɔ jogbaŋŋ lɛ ateŋ mɛi komɛi ji Mennobii, ni ji Dutch Saalɔ Menno Simons sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ, kɛ Hutterbii, ni yɔɔ Tyrolnyo Jacob Hutter shishi lɛ. Bɔni afee ni amɛjo yiwaa naa foi lɛ, amɛteŋ mɛi komɛi fa kɛtee Europa Bokagbɛ—Poland, Hungary, kɛ Russia po—ni mɛi krokomɛi tee Amerika Kooyigbɛ, he ni yɛ naagbee lɛ amɛyafee ekome akɛ Hutterbii kɛ Ammanbii akutsei lɛ.

Calvin Jamɔ Puemɔ

34. (a) Namɔ ji John Calvin? (b) Mɛɛ wolo ni he hiaa waa eŋma?

³⁴ Jamɔ Saamɔ nitsumɔ ni tee nɔ yɛ Switzerland lɛ tee hiɛ yɛ Frenchnyo ni atsɛɔ lɛ Jean Cauvin, loo John Calvin (1509-64), ni bale Protestant tsɔɔmɔi yɛ be mli ni ekaseɔ nii yɛ France lɛ hiɛnyiɛmɔ shishi. Calvin shi Paris yɛ 1534 yɛ jamɔ mli yiwaa hewɔ ni eyahi Basel, yɛ Switzerland. Yɛ be mli ni efaa Protestantbii ahe lɛ, eŋma wolo ko ni ji, Institutes of the Christian Religion, ni emua mra be mli sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɛmɛi lɛ, kɛ teŋgbɛ afii lɛ amli jamɔ he nikaselɔi lɛ, kɛ Luther kɛ Zwingli tsɔɔmɔi lɛ anaa yɛ mli. Ababu nɛkɛ wolo nɛɛ akɛ Saamɔ sɔlemɔi ni ato shishi yɛ sɛɛ mli yɛ Europa kɛ Amerika lɛ fɛɛ atsɔɔmɔ shishitoo.

35. (a) Te Calvin tsɔɔ etsɔɔmɔ ni ji shɛɛ-mli-sane lɛ mli eha tɛŋŋ? (b) Yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ bɔ ni tsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ yɔɔ keketee ha lɛ je kpo yɛ Calvin tsɔɔmɔi krokomɛi lɛ hu mli?

³⁵ Ekɛ ejamɔ he nilee lɛ mamɔ shi yɛ Institutes lɛ mli. Kɛha Calvin lɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ ji jeŋ muu fɛɛ maŋtsɛ kome pɛ, ni lɛ esuɔmɔnaa nii tsɔɔ nɔ ni sa feemɔ ni no yeɔ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ nɔ. Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ nakai lɛ, gbɔmɔ ni egbee shi lɛ ji eshafeelɔ ni esaaa kwraa. No hewɔ lɛ, yiwalaheremɔ damɔɔɔ gbɔmɔ nitsumɔi kpakpai anɔ, shi moŋ edamɔ Nyɔŋmɔ nɔ—enɛ kɛ Calvin tsɔɔmɔ ni kɔɔ shɛɛ-mli-sane, ni eŋma nɛkɛ yɛ he lɛ ba:

“Wɔkɛ hewalɛ kɛɔ akɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ etsɔ naanɔ ŋaawoo ni anyɛŋ atsake lɛ nɔ ekpɛ mli shikome nyɔŋlo, yɛ mɛi ni E-baahere amɛyiwala, kɛ mɛi ni E-baabu amɛ fɔ kɛha hiɛkpatamɔ lɛ he. Wɔmaa nɔ mi akɛ, ato nɛkɛ ŋaawoo nɛɛ ni kɔɔ mɛi ni ahala amɛ lɛ ahe lɛ ama E-mɔbɔnalɛ ni nyɔmɔwoo ko kwraa bɛ mli kɛha lɛ, ni gbɛhe mli ni adesa ko yɔɔ lɛ kɔɔɔ he eko lɛ nɔ; shi mɛi ni E-buɔ amɛ fɔ lɛ, atsɔ kojomɔ ni ja ni anaŋ he sane ko ata, shi anuuu shishi hu nɔ aŋa wala agbó lɛ awo amɛyi.”

Bɔ ni tsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ yɔɔ keketee ha lɛ hu jeɔ kpo yɛ hei krokomɛi. Calvin ma nɔ mi akɛ esa akɛ Kristofoi ahi shi akɛ gbɔmɛi krɔŋkrɔŋi kɛ mɛi ni yɔɔ jeŋba kpakpa, ni jeee esha pɛ esa akɛ amɛtsi amɛhe kɛjɛ he, shi ŋɔɔmɔyeli kɛ nibii ni he ehiaaa. Agbɛnɛ hu etsɔɔ akɛ, esa akɛ aha sɔlemɔ lɛ, ni mɛi ni ahala lɛ yɔɔ mli lɛ, aye ehe kwraa kɛjɛ maŋ lɛ naatsii sɔrɔtoi lɛ ahe, ni ákɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ nɔ pɛ abaanyɛ atsɔ ni ato gbɔmɛi ni sheɔ Nyɔŋmɔ gbeyei asafo ama shi.

36. (a) Mɛni Calvin kɛ Farel ka akɛ amɛaafee yɛ Geneva? (b) Mɛɛ mlai ni yɔɔ keketee akɛmamɔ shi? (d) Mɛni ji nɔ kome ni ehiii kwraa ni jɛ Calvin nifeemɔ ni yɔɔ keketee nɛɛ mli ba, ni mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ etsɔ ebu enifeemɔi lɛ bem yɛ?

³⁶ Beni Calvin ŋma Institutes lɛ sɛɛ etsɛɛɛ ni William Farel, Saalɔ kroko ni jɛ France tsɔ eyiŋ akɛ eyahi Geneva. Amɛyi enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ amɛfee ekome amɛtsu nii koni amɛha Calvin jamɔ lɛ afee nɔ ni abaanyɛ atsu he nii. Oti ni ma amɛhiɛ ji ni amɛfee Geneva Nyɔŋmɔ maŋ, teokrase ni ji Nyɔŋmɔ nɔyeli ni tsuɔ Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ Maŋ lɛ nitsumɔi fɛɛ he nii. Amɛkɛ mlai ni yɔɔ keketee, kɛ ehe toigbalamɔi, ni kɔɔ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ he, kɛjɛ jamɔ he tsɔɔmɔi kɛ sɔlemɔyaa kɛyashi maŋbii lɛ ajeŋbai kɛ nibii tamɔ falefale shihilɛ kɛ la ni shaa nii anaatsii nɔ ba. Yinɔsane mli niŋmaa ko bɔ amaniɛ akɛ, “akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, awo yitsɔi-saalɔ ko tsuŋ gbii enyɔ yɛ saamɔ ni esaa ayemforo ko yitsɔi yɛ gbɛ ni asusuɔ akɛ esaaa nɔ lɛ hewɔ; ni agbala enyɛ kɛ enanemɛi yei enyɔ ni ye bua yɛ enɛ mli lɛ hu toi nakai nɔŋŋ. Kojolɔ nyɛɔ egbalaa toi yɛ joo kɛ spaa-shwɛmɔ hu he.” Agbalaa mɛi ni kɛ Calvin kpaaa gbee yɛ jamɔ tsɔɔmɔ he lɛ atoi waa, ni enɛ mli nɔ ni ehiii fe fɛɛ ji Spanianyo Miguel Serveto, loo Michael Servetus ni ashã lɛ yɛ la mli agbe lɛ lɛ.—Kwɛmɔ baafa 322.

37. Yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ alɛɛ Calvin tsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli kɛteke Switzerland husui lɛ?

³⁷ Calvin tee nɔ ekɛ ejamɔ saamɔ loo tsakemɔ nɛɛ tsu nii yɛ Geneva aahu kɛyashi egbo yɛ 1564, ni Saamɔ loo Reformed sɔlemɔ lɛ bafee nɔ ni ato ama shi shiŋŋ. Protestant saalɔi, ni joɔ yiwaa naa foi kɛjɛɔ maji krokomɛi anɔ lɛ yabua amɛhe naa yɛ Geneva, ni amɛkpɛlɛ Calvin jamɔ tsɔɔmɔi lɛ anɔ, ni amɛbatsɔmɔ mɛi ni atsɔ amɛnɔ ato saamɔ loo tsakemɔ kui nɛɛ yɛ maji ni amɛjɛ mli lɛ amli. Etsɛɛɛ ni Calvin jamɔ gbɛ eshwa kɛtee France, he ni Huguenotbii (taakɛ atsɛɔ French Calvin Protestantbii lɛ) kɛ yiwaa babaoo kpe yɛ Katolekbii lɛ adɛŋ lɛ. Calvinbii lɛ ye bua ni ato Dutch Reformed Church lɛ ama shi yɛ Netherlands. Agbɛnɛ ato Presbyterian Church of Scotland lɛ ama shi yɛ Calvin tsɔɔmɔi anaa yɛ tsutsu Katolek osɔfo John Knox, ni yɔɔ ekaa lɛ hiɛnyiɛmɔ shishi yɛ Scotland. Calvin jamɔ lɛ hu na gbɛfaŋnɔ yɛ Saamɔ loo Tsakemɔ ni tee nɔ yɛ England lɛ mli, he ni Puritanbii lɛ jɛ amɛkɛ enɛ tee Amerika Kooyigbɛ lɛ. Yɛ shishinumɔ nɛɛ naa lɛ, eyɛ mli akɛ Luther ji mɔ ni je Protestant Reformation loo Saamɔ lɛ shishi moŋ, shi Calvin ji mɔ titri ni ha eshwere loo ena nɔyaa.

Jamɔ Saamɔ lɛ Yɛ England

38. John Wycliffe nitsumɔ lɛ ha Protestant mumɔ lɛ shwere yɛ England loo Ŋleshi Ablotsiri yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?

³⁸ Yɛ saamɔ kui ni tee nɔ yɛ Germany kɛ Switzerland lɛ asɛɛ lɛ, Ŋleshi Saamɔ lɛ baanyɛ adi eshishifai asɛɛ kɛyabote John Wycliffe, mɔ ni shiɛmɔ ni eshiɛ eshi osɔfoi lɛ kɛ Biblia lɛ nɔ mi ni ema lɛ tee Protestant mumɔ shi yɛ England loo Ŋleshi Ablotsiri lɛ gbii lɛ amli. Mɛi krokomɛi nyiɛ mɔdɛŋ ni ebɔ yɛ Biblia lɛ ni etsɔɔ shishi kɛtee Ŋleshi Blɔfo wiemɔ mli lɛ sɛɛ. William Tyndale, ni ehe bahia ni ejo foi kɛjɛ England loo Ŋleshi Ablotsiri lɛ ŋma e-Kpaŋmɔ Hee lɛ eha yɛ 1526. Yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ atsɔɔ esɛɛ gbɛ yɛ Antwerp, ni afimɔ lɛ akpɛtɛ tso he amia esɛ̃ agbe lɛ, ni ashã egbɔmɔtso lɛ. Miles Coverdale gbe Tyndale shishitsɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ naa, ni Biblia muu lɛ fɛɛ pue yɛ 1535. Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ Biblia ni atsɔɔ shishi yɛ maŋbii lɛ awiemɔ mli lɛ ji nɔ titri ni fe fɛɛ ni ye bua Reformation loo Saamɔ lɛ yɛ Ŋleshi Ablotsiri.

39. Mɛni Henry VIII tsu yɛ Reformation loo Jamɔ Saamɔ lɛ mli yɛ Ŋleshi Ablotsiri?

³⁹ Agbɛnɛ he ni atsi kɛjɛ Roma Katolek jamɔ lɛ he yɛ mla naa lɛ ba beni Henry VIII (1491-1547), ni paapa lɛ kɛ sabala, Hemɔkɛyeli lɛ Hefãlɔ tsɛ lɛ lɛ, jaje mla ni ji Act of Supremacy lɛ etsɔɔ yɛ 1534, ni ekɛfee ehe Church of England lɛ yitso lɛ. Henry ŋamɔ mɔ kome shihilɔi ashihilɛ hei lɛ, ni eja amɛgboshinii lɛ amli eha hiɛnaanɔbii lɛ. Kɛfata he lɛ, efa akɛ, akɛ Biblia ni aŋma yɛ Ŋleshi Blɔfo mli lɛ ekome afɔ sɔlemɔtsu fɛɛ sɔlemɔtsu mli. Shi Henry nifeemɔ lɛ ji maŋkwramɔŋ nifeemɔ fe jamɔŋ nɔ. Nɔ ni etaoɔ ji heyeli kɛmiijɛ paapa lɛ hewalɛ shishi, titri lɛ yɛ egbalashihilɛ mli saji amli.d Yɛ jamɔ mli lɛ, ehi shi akɛ Katoleknyo yɛ gbɛ fɛɛ gbɛ nɔ, shi gbɛi kɛkɛ ni akɛtsɛɛɛ lɛ.

40. (a) Mɛɛ tsakemɔi tee nɔ yɛ Church of England sɔlemɔ lɛ mli yɛ Elizabeth I nɔyeli beaŋ? (b) Yɛ naagbee lɛ mɛɛ kui ni ekpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ ni yaa nɔ lɛ nɔ pue yɛ England, Netherlands kɛ Amerika Kooyigbɛ?

⁴⁰ Yɛ Elizabeth I nɔyeli kakadaŋŋ (1558-1603) lɛ mli ni Church of England batsɔ Protestant diɛŋtsɛ yɛ nifeemɔ mli, eyɛ mli akɛ egbɛjianɔtoo ji Katolek nɔ titri. Egu heshibaa ni afeɔ ahaa paapa lɛ, osɔfoi ni boteee gbalashihilɛ mli, eshai ni ajajeɔ atsɔɔ osɔfoi, kɛ Katolek nifeemɔi krokomɛi, shi kɛlɛ ehiɛ osɔfonukpai kɛ osɔfoi anɔyeli gbɛjianɔtoo kɛ osɔfoi mɔ kome shihilɔi ni ji hii kɛ yei agbɛjianɔtoo ko mli.e Gbɔmɛi lɛ yanyaaa shihilɛ ni sumɔɔɔ tsakemɔ nɛɛ he, kɛkɛ ni kui sɔrɔtoi ni ekpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ ni yaa nɔ lɛ nɔ lɛ pue. Puritanbii lɛ bi saamɔ loo tsakemɔ kwraa ni mɔɔ shi koni akɛtsuu sɔlemɔ lɛ he ni ajie Roma Katolek nifeemɔi fɛɛ kɛjɛ mli; Mɛi ni Etse Amɛhe lɛ kɛ Mɛi ni Eye Amɛhe lɛ ma nɔ mi akɛ esa akɛ asafo lɛ mli onukpai (presbyters) lɛ atsu sɔlemɔ lɛ mli saji ahe nii. Mɛi ni ekpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ ni yaa nɔ lɛ nɔ lɛ ateŋ mɛi pii jo foi kɛtee Netherlands loo Amerika Kooyigbɛ, ni amɛyalɛɛ amɛ Congregational kɛ Baptist sɔlemɔi lɛ amli yɛ jɛmɛ. Kui krokomɛi hu ni pue yɛ England loo Ŋleshi Ablotsiri ji Nanemɛi Akuu loo Society of Friends (Quakers) yɛ George Fox (1624-91) shishi kɛ Methodistbii lɛ hu yɛ John Wesley (1703-91) shishi.—Kwɛmɔ tao ni yɔɔ shishigbɛ lɛ.

Mɛni Jɛ Mli Ba?

41. (a) Yɛ woloŋlelɔi komɛi asusumɔ naa lɛ, Reformation loo Saamɔ lɛ sa adesa yinɔsane he yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ? (b) Mɛɛ sanebimɔi amɛhesusumɔ he hiaa waa?

⁴¹ Yɛ be mli ni wɔsusu jamɔi titrii etɛ—Luther jamɔ, Calvin jamɔ kɛ Anglican jamɔ—ni jɛ Reformation loo Saamɔ lɛ mli ba lɛ ahe lɛ, esa akɛ wɔmɛ ni wɔsusu nɔ ni Jamɔ Saamɔ lɛ nyɛ etsu lɛ he. Etsake gbɛ ni Anaigbɛ je lɛ yinɔsane nyiɛ nɔ lɛ, ni anyɛŋ aje enɛ he ŋwane. John F. Hurst ŋma yɛ ewolo, Short History of the Reformation lɛ mli akɛ: “Nɔ ni jɛ Reformation loo jamɔ Saamɔ lɛ mli ba ji ni ehole gbɔmɛi lɛ anɔ kɛyashɛ heyeli he kumai kɛ maŋnyo-tsɔmɔ ni nɔ kwɔ ni yɔɔ krɔŋŋ he. He fɛɛ he ni Protestant jamɔ lɛ aaayashɛ lɛ, ehaa gbɔmɛi lɛ naa hekɛnɔfɔɔ yɛ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛmli ni amɛtsɔɔ bɔ ni amɛji.” Woloŋlelɔi pii heɔ yeɔ akɛ, kɛ jeee Reformation loo jamɔ Saamɔ lɛ kulɛ, Anaigbɛ hiŋmɛigbelemɔ, taakɛ wɔle bianɛ lɛ, nyɛŋ aba. Yɛ bɔ ni akɛɛ eji nɛɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, esa akɛ wɔbi akɛ: Mɛni Reformation loo jamɔ Saamɔ lɛ tsu yɛ jamɔ gbɛfaŋ? Mɛni etsu yɛ anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ sɛɛ gbɛ ni adesai taoɔ lɛ mli?

42. (a) Mɛɛ nɔ kpakpa ni hi fe fɛɛ Jamɔ Saamɔ lɛ tsu ni ŋwanejee ko kwraa bɛ he? (b) Mɛɛ sanebimɔi ni kɔɔ nɔ ni Jamɔ Saamɔ lɛ tsu diɛŋtsɛ lɛ he esa akɛ abi?

⁴² Nii ni hi fe fɛɛ ni Reformation loo jamɔ Saamɔ lɛ tsu, ni ŋwanejee ko kwraa bɛ he ji akɛ, eha gbɔmɛi foji lɛ anine shɛ Biblia lɛ nɔ yɛ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛwiemɔ mli. Enɛ ji klɛŋklɛŋ be mli ni Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ muu lɛ fɛɛ ka gbɔmɛi lɛ ahiɛ koni amɛkane, koni anyɛ alɛ amɛ yɛ mumɔŋ. Shi, babaoo he miihia fe Biblia lɛ kanemɔ kɛkɛ. Ani Reformation loo Saamɔ lɛ kɛ heyeli kɛmiijɛ tsɔɔmɔi kɛ hemɔkɛyeli jajemɔi ni tɔmɔi yɔɔ mli ni áha amɛhi shishi afii ohai babaoo lɛ ba, shi jeee heyeli kɛmiijɛ paapa lɛ hewalɛ shishi pɛ?—Yohane 8:32.

43. (a) Mɛɛ hemɔkɛyeli jajemɔi ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ Protestant sɔlemɔi pii kpɛlɛɔ nɔ, ni mɛni amɛheɔ amɛyeɔ? (b) Mɛni heyeli mumɔ lɛ kɛ nibii sɔrɔtoi ni jɛ Saamɔ lɛ mli ba lɛ efee kɛha anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ sɛɛ gbɛ ni adesai taoɔ lɛ?

⁴³ Etamɔ nɔ ni Protestant sɔlemɔi lɛ fɛɛ kpɛlɛɔ hemɔkɛyeli jajemɔi lɛ nɔŋŋ nɔ—Nikaea, Atanasia, kɛ Bɔfoi lɛ ahemɔkɛyeli jajemɔi lɛ—ni enɛɛmɛi kpɛlɛɔ tsɔɔmɔi ni Katolek jamɔ kɛ afii ohai abɔ etsɔɔ lɛ nɔŋŋ nɔ, tamɔ Triniti, susuma ni gbooo, kɛ hɛl la. Tsɔɔmɔi ni bɛ ŋmalɛ mli nɛɛ ha gbɔmɛi lɛ susu Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ eyiŋtoi ahe yɛ gbɛ ni ejaaa nɔ. Ni eeeye ebua amɛ yɛ anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ sɛɛ gbɛ ni amɛtaoɔ lɛ mli lɛ, jamɔ kui sɔrɔtoi babaoo ni ba shihilɛ mli, yɛ Protestant Jamɔ Saamɔ heyeli mumɔ lɛ hewɔ lɛ ekudɔ gbɔmɛi lɛ kɛtsɔ gbɛi sɔrɔtoi babaoo nɔ. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, bɔ ni amɛyɔɔ sɔrɔto ni amɛfutu amɛha lɛ eha mɛi pii ebi sane yɛ shihilɛ mli ni Nyɔŋmɔ yɔɔ diɛŋtsɛ lɛ he. Mɛni ejɛ mli eba? Nyɔŋmɔ ni akɛɛ aleee kɛ mɛi ni kɛɔ akɛ kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ yɛ jio ebɛ jio no jeee amɛhe sane ko lɛ bafa babaoo yɛ afii ohai 19 lɛ mli. Enɛ baafee sane ni wɔbaasusu he yɛ wɔ yitso ni nyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ mli.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Akrabatsa/Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 322]

“Triniti lɛ Mli Tɔmɔi”

Beni eye afii 20 lɛ, Michael Servetus (1511-53), Spanianyo, ni atsɔse lɛ yɛ mla kɛ tsofafeemɔ mli lɛ ŋma wolo ni ji De Trinitatis erroribus (Triniti lɛ Mli Tɔmɔi) eha, ni etsɔɔ yɛ mli akɛ, ekɛ “wiemɔ ni ji Triniti, ni anaŋ yɛ Ŋmalɛ mli, ni jeŋ nilee mli tɔmɔ pɛ ehaa eshwereɔ lɛ tsuŋ nii.” Ewie eshi Triniti lɛ akɛ tsɔɔmɔ “ni anyɛŋ anu shishi, ni enyɛŋ eba lɛ nakai yɛ adebɔɔ mli nibii anaa, ni abaanyɛ abu enɛ po akɛ musubɔɔ nii!”

Yɛ bɔ ni ewieɔ kpoo-kpoo nɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ bu Servetus fɔ. Shi Calvin sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ ji mɛi ni ha amɔ lɛ, ni aye esane, ni agbe lɛ kɛtsɔ shã ni ashã lɛ fiofio lɛ nɔ. Calvin kɛ nɛkɛ wiemɔi nɛɛ bu enifeemɔ lɛ bem: “Yɛ be mli ni paapa-tsɛmɛi lɛ ayi wa ni amɛkɛ awuiyeli faa amɛ apasa hemɔkɛyelii lɛ ahe aahu akɛ amɛkɛ yiwalɛ bolɔɔ kɛyafɔseɔ la ni yeee fɔ amɛshwieɔ lɛ, ani kojolɔi ni ji Kristofoi ahiɛ gbooo kɛ amɛjieee amɛhe kpo akɛ mɛi ni yɔɔ ekaa yɛ anɔkwale lɛ diɛŋtsɛ hefamɔ mli?” Calvin jamɔ he shɛii-feemɔ kɛ hetsɛ ni lɛ diɛŋtsɛ eyɔɔ lɛ shwila ekojomɔ, ni etsimɔ Kristofoi ashishitoo mlai anɔ.—Okɛto Mateo 5:44 he.

[Mfonirii]

John Calvin, abɛkugbɛ, ha ashã Michael Servetus, ninejurɔgbɛ, yɛ tso he kɛbote gbele mli akɛ musubɔlɔ

[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 327]

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Mlitsɔɔmɔ Kuku Kɛha Kristendom Jamɔi Titrii Lɛ

Hemɔkɛyeli Kwamɔ Shishijee - Afii Ohai 2

Roma Katolek Sɔlemɔ

Afii Ohai 4 (Konstantino)

1054 Ŋ.B. Boka Ortodɔks

Afii ohai 16 Jamɔ Saamɔ

Lutheran

Anglikan

Episkopal

Congregational

Calvin jamɔ

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 307]

Afii ohai 16 mfonirii nɛɛ tsɔɔ sɔrɔto ni yɔɔ bɔ ni Kristo kpoo shika tsakelɔi lɛ kɛ bɔ ni paapa lɛ hɔɔ eshai ahe toigbalamɔ ni akɛkeɔ lɛ teŋ

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 311]

Jan Hus yɛ sɛŋmɔtso he

Ŋleshi Jamɔ Saalɔ kɛ Biblia shishitsɔɔlɔ John Wycliffe

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 314]

Martin Luther, ninejurɔ, wie shi eshai ahe toigbalamɔ ni akɛkeɔ ni osɔfo John Tetzel hɔɔ lɛ