Ani Shishijee Nii lɛ Ahe Miihia Wɔ Diɛŋtsɛ?

AAFEE afii 3,500 ni eho nɛ, ni nuu ko ni eda yɛ afi amli ni yɔɔ Boka Teŋgbɛ lɛ bua je lɛ yinɔsane ni yɔɔ kɛbashi ebe lɛ mli lɛ naa. Nakai nitsumɔ lɛ ni bafee woji kakadi enumɔ lɛ ji nitsumɔ ni akɛ mɔdɛŋbɔɔ diɛŋtsɛ tsu. No mli lɛ nuu lɛ eye fe afii 80 beni eje nitsumɔ nɛɛ shishi lɛ. Lɛ loo emaŋ lɛ bɛ maŋ kome ko ni amɛhiɔ mli, shi moŋ amɛkpaa shi kɛjɛɔ he kome kɛyaa he kroko yɛ Sinai Shia Ŋa lɛ nɔ. Shi kɛlɛ, yɛ naagbee lɛ, nɔ ni nakai nuu ni eda yɛ afii amli nɛɛ ŋmala lɛ bafee wolo ni he hiaa fe fɛɛ yɛ jeŋ yinɔsane mli ni ale lɛ fa.

Nakai nuu lɛ ji Mose, mɔ ni na hegbɛ akɛ Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ lɛ aaatsu nii ni enyiɛ blema Israel hiɛ kɛjɛ nyɔŋyeli mli yɛ Mizraim shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ lɛ. Ale woji enumɔ ni eŋmala lɛ ŋmɛnɛ akɛ, Pentateuch, Ŋmalɛ Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ fa lɛ. Nyɔŋmɔ mumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ loo nifeemɔ hewalɛ lɛ ji nɔ ni kudɔ Mose. No hewɔ lɛ, wɔnyɛɔ wɔkaneɔ eniŋmaai lɛ ŋmɛnɛ po ni ehe baa sɛɛnamɔ babaoo kɛhaa wɔ. Shi yɛ bei komɛi amli lɛ gbɔmɛi biɔ akɛ: ‘Ani wɔbaanyɛ wɔna hekɛnɔfɔɔ yɛ Mose wiemɔi lɛ kɛ Biblia mli niŋmalɔi krokomɛi lɛ awiemɔi amli? Ani wɔyɛ amɛ shishijee woji ni amɛkɛ amɛniji ŋmala lɛ? Kɛ jeee nakai lɛ, mɛni ba woji nɛɛ anɔ? Ni te wɔɔfee tɛŋŋ wɔna nɔmimaa akɛ nɔ ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ji nɔ ni shishijee niŋmalalɔi lɛ ŋmala lɛ?

Nibii ni Amɛŋmala Nii Yɛ Nɔ Lɛ

Yiŋtoi pii yɛ ni wɔbaanyɛ wɔdamɔ nɔ wɔna hekɛnɔfɔɔ akɛ Biblia lɛ tsakeko kɛjɛ klɛŋklɛŋ be mli ni aŋma lɛ. Eji anɔkwale akɛ, wɔbɛ shishijee woji ni Biblia ŋmalalɔi lɛ kɛ amɛniji ŋmala lɛ. Shi, yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ esaaa akɛ wɔkpaa gbɛ akɛ wɔbaana nɔ ni akɛ niji ŋmala nɛɛ. Mɛni hewɔ? Yɛ nibii ni amɛŋmala nii yɛ nɔ, ni ji blema Yudafoi akusum nifeemɔi lɛ, kɛ bei lɛ amli yinɔsane kɛjɛ be mli ni aŋmala lɛ hewɔ.

Klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ, ofainɛ susumɔ nibii ni amɛŋmala nii yɛ nɔ lɛ ahe. Nibii komɛi yɛ lolo ni aŋmala kɛjɛ be mli ni abuaa Biblia Iɛ naa lɛ. Shi enɛɛmɛi ateŋ nɔ ni fa ji nɔ ni aŋmala yɛ tɛi loo su ni yɔɔ tswãa ni baanyɛ atsɛ lɛ anɔ. Shi, etamɔ nɔ ni aŋmala Biblia lɛ kɛjɛ shishijee yɛ nibii ni etsɛɛɛ kɛkɛ lɛ amɛhiɛ ekpata nɔ. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, Biblia mli niŋmalɔ Yeremia niŋmaai lɛ ekomɛi yɛ ni Maŋtsɛ Yehoiakim shã yɛ la mli. (Yeremia 36:​21-31) Anyɛŋ akpata tɛi loo sũ tɛ taoi ahiɛ oya yɛ nakai gbɛ nɔ.

No hewɔ lɛ, mɛɛ nibii Biblia mli niŋmalɔi lɛ ŋmala nii yɛ nɔ? Ojogbaŋŋ, “atsɔɔ Mose Mizraim nilee fɛɛ,” ni nɔ ni aŋmaa nii yɛ nɔ yɛ Mizraim titri ji papyrus ni akɛ galai fee. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 7:22) No hewɔ lɛ, ekolɛ Mose ŋmala saji yɛ nɛkɛ nii ni etsɛɛɛ fitemɔ nɛɛ nɔ. Nɔ kroko ni afɔɔ kɛ niŋmaa yɛ Boka Teŋgbɛ ji kooloi ahewolɔ​—kooloi ahewolɔ ni ti loo nɔ ni yɔɔ fɛtɛfɛtɛ. Ekolɛ Yeremia ŋma nii yɛ kooloi ahewolɔ nɔ. Kooloi ahewolɔ loo nɔ ni akɛ galai fee lɛ baanyɛ atso yɛ la mli beni Maŋtsɛ Yehoiakim shɛ Yeremia wolokpo lɛ ewo la lɛ mli lɛ.

Eji anɔkwale akɛ yɛ Mizraim dɔlɛ hewɔ lɛ, galai awoji ni akɛ niji ŋmala nɔ nɛɛ babaoo baanyɛ ahi shi afi akpei abɔ. Shi enɛ po ji nɔ ko ni efɔɔɔ kaa. Ejaakɛ galai awoji lɛ kɛ kooloi ahewolɔ lɛ fiteɔ oyayaayai. Woloŋlelɔ Oscar Paret kɛɔ akɛ: “Nɛkɛ nibii ni aŋmalaa nɔ nɛɛ fɛɛ fiteɔ yɛ kɔɔyɔŋ tsakemɔ, fu ni efuuɔ, kɛ agbɛnɛ yɛ gɔgɔmii sɔrɔtoi ni kpataa hiɛ lɛ hewɔ. Wɔle bɔ ni etsɛɛɛ ni woji kɛ agbɛnɛ po kooloi ahewolɔ ni wa fiteɔ yɛ kɔɔyɔɔ naa loo yɛ tsu ni mli yɔɔ frɔnɔɔ loo wuruduu mli lɛ.”

Yɛ blema Israel, he ni aŋmala Biblia mli woji lɛ titri yɛ lɛ, kɔɔyɔŋ tsakemɔ ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ ehiii kɛhaaa nibii ni akɛ niji ŋmala nɛɛ yibaamɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, eka shi faŋŋ akɛ Biblia mli woji ni akɛ niji ŋmala kɛjɛ shishijee lɛ titri hiɛ kpata etsɛ. Kɛji akɛ ebaaa lɛ nakai po lɛ, blema Yudafoi akusum nifeemɔ ko yɛ ni no haŋ niŋmaai lɛ afee nɔ ni baanyɛ ahi shi kɛbashi wɔgbii nɛɛ amli. Mɛni ji nakai kusum nifeemɔ lɛ?

Woji ni Akɛ Niji Eŋmala lɛ ni Afũɔ yɛ Shikpɔŋ

Yɛ afi 1896 mli lɛ, yɛ be mli ni woloŋlelɔ ko gbɛɔ genizah ko ni yɔɔ Cairo lɛ mli lɛ, ehiɛ yagba blema woji ni akɛ niji eŋmala lɛ ekomekomei 90,000 sɔŋŋ nɔ ni enɛ tsake Boka Teŋgbɛ he yinɔsane he nikasemɔ. Mɛni ji genizah? Ni enɛ kɔɔ shishijee Biblia mli woji ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ ahe yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?

Genizah ji tsu ko ni blema Yudafoi lɛ kɛ woji ni akɛ niji ŋmala ni etsɛ ni miigbala ni akɛtsuuu nii dɔŋŋ lɛ toɔ mli. Woloŋlelɔ Paul E. Kahle ŋma akɛ: “Yudafoi lɛ kɛ woji sɔrɔtoi fɛɛ ni aŋmala loo akala toɔ tsui ni tamɔ nɛkɛ ni yɔɔ amɛkpee hei loo ebɛŋkɛ jɛmɛ lɛ amli; akɛtooo jɛmɛ akɛ nɔ ni abaaha ehi shi daa akɛ blema nibii, shi moŋ ebaahi jɛmɛ yɛ be ko mli ni ataaa he. Yudafoi nɛɛ miishe gbeyei akɛ kɛ akwɛɛɛ ni ahi lɛ, abaabule Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi ni yɔɔ nɛkɛ niŋmaai nɛɛ amli lɛ kɛtsɔ ekɛ nitsumɔ yɛ gbɛ ni esaaa nɔ lɛ nɔ. No hewɔ lɛ aloɔ nɛkɛ niŋmaai nɛɛ​—kɛ agbɛnɛ yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ nɔ ni akala lɛ​—fɛɛ kɛyaa shikpɔŋ ko ni atsuu nɔ lɛ nɔ yɛ be kɛ bei amli, ni ayafuɔ fɛɛ yɛ jɛmɛ; no hewɔ lɛ fɛɛ hiɛ kpata. Henii anaa kɛkɛ ni hiɛ kpa nakai Cairo Geniza lɛ nɔ, ni nibii ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ je nɔ ni ba Geniza sɔrɔtoi lɛ anɔ lɛ mli.”​—The Cairo Geniza, baafa 4.

Shi kɛji akɛ shishijee Biblia mli woji ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ eko hi shi aahu kɛbashi be mli ni nɛkɛ kusum nifeemɔ nɛɛ je shishi hu? Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ nɔ ni akɛ niji ŋmala nɛɛ baafee nɔ ni egbala akɛni akɛtsu nii babaoo hewɔ, ni abaafu yɛ shikpɔŋ.

Nibii ni Ba yɛ Yinɔsane Mli

Yɛ be mli ni wɔsusuɔ nɔ ni ekolɛ eba shishijee Biblia mli woji ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ anɔ lɛ ahe lɛ, naagbee sane ko ni esa akɛ wɔkai ji Biblia mli shikpɔji ahe yinɔsane ni fee hoo lɛ. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, susumɔ nɔ ni ba woji ni nuu ni egbɔ ni ji Mose ŋmala lɛ anɔ lɛ he. Akɛɔ wɔ akɛ: “Ni eba mli akɛ, beni Mose eŋma mla nɛɛ mli wiemɔi lɛ ewo wolo nɔ egbe naa kwraa lɛ, ewo Levibii ni tereɔ Yehowa kpaŋmɔ adeka lɛ kita akɛ: ‘Nyɛŋɔa nɛkɛ mla wolo nɛɛ, ni nyɛŋɔtoa Yehowa, nyɛ-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ kpaŋmɔ adeka lɛ masɛi.’”​—5 Mose 31:​24-26.

Kpaŋmɔ adeka lɛ ji adeka krɔŋkrɔŋ ko ni feɔ Israelbii lɛ ateŋ ni Yehowa yɔɔ lɛ he okadi. Atere enɛ kɛtee Shiwoo Shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ (kɛ woji ni Mose kɛ eniji ŋmala lɛ), ni jɛmɛ akɛto yɛ hei sɔrɔtoi. Yɛ be ko mli lɛ, Filistibii lɛ shɔ adeka nɛɛ. Sɛɛ mli lɛ, Israel Maŋtsɛ David kɛ Kpaŋmɔ Adeka lɛ ba Yerusalem, ni yɛ naagbee lɛ akɛma Maŋtsɛ Salomo sɔlemɔtsu ni ema yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ mli. Shi Maŋtsɛ Ahaz ma wɔŋjalɔi afɔleshaa latɛ ko yɛ sɔlemɔtsu lɛ mli, ni yɛ naagbee lɛ eŋa sɔlemɔtsu lɛ. Maŋtsɛ Manase kɛ wɔŋjalɔi ajamɔ wo mli obɔ.

Beni enɛ yaa nɔ lɛ, mɛni ba kpaŋmɔ adeka lɛ kɛ Mose niŋmaai lɛ anɔ? Wɔleee, shi kɛ hoo lɛ ekomɛi laaje. Yɛ Maŋtsɛ Yosia gbii lɛ amli lɛ, sɔlemɔtsu nitsulɔi lɛ yana “mla wolo lɛ” trukaa, ekolɛ nɔ ni Mose kɛ eniji ŋmala lɛ diɛŋtsɛ. (2 Maŋtsɛmɛi 22:⁠8) Kulɛ Maŋtsɛ lɛ leee emli saji lɛ, ni ekanemɔ kanya mumɔŋ shihilɛ diɛŋtsɛ yɛ amɛteŋ.​—2 Maŋtsɛmɛi 22:​11–23:⁠3.

Yɛ Yosia gbele sɛɛ lɛ, gbɔmɛi ni yɔɔ Yudea lɛ bafee mɛi ni yeee anɔkwale ekoŋŋ, ni yɛ naagbee lɛ, atswa amɛnane shi tu kɛtee Babilon. Akpata sɔlemɔtsu lɛ hiɛ, ni aloo nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni yɔɔ mli ni sɛɛnamɔ yɔɔ he lɛ kɛtee Babilon. Nɔ ko nɔ ko bɛ ni aŋma afɔ shi ni kɔɔ nɔ ni ba Kpaŋmɔ Adeka lɛ loo woji ni sɛɛnamɔ yɔɔ he waa ni ayana yɛ Yosia be lɛ mli lɛ anɔ lɛ he. Shi yɛ afii babaoo sɛɛ, yɛ be mli ni awoɔ Yudafoi ni amɛku amɛsɛɛ amɛba amɛshikpɔŋ nɔ ekoŋŋ lɛ hewalɛ koni amɛtswa Yerusalem amɛma shi ni amɛsaa amɛto jamɔ krɔŋŋ amɛma shi ekoŋŋ lɛ, osɔfo Ezra kɛ mɛi krokomɛi kane nii kɛjɛ “Mose mla wolo” lɛ mli amɛtsɔɔ amɛ yɛ faŋŋ. (Nehemia 8:​1-8) No hewɔ lɛ, akwɛ shishijee woji ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ anɔ aŋmala ekomɛi ashwie shi. Nɛgbɛ ana enɛɛmɛi kɛjɛ?

Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ ni Akwɛɔ Ekomɛi Anɔ Aŋmalaa Ashwieɔ Shi

Mose gba be mli ni maŋtsɛ ko baaye Israel nɔ, ni eŋma nɛkɛ famɔ krɛdɛɛ nɛɛ efɔ shi: “Shi moŋ aaaba mli akɛ beni eta emaŋtsɛsɛi lɛ nɔ lɛ, ekwɛ nɛkɛ mla nɛɛ nɔ eŋma eko kɛjɛ wolo ni ka osɔfoi Levibii lɛ ahiɛ lɛ mli eha ehe” (5 Mose 17:18) No hewɔ lɛ, akwɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ anɔ aŋmala ekomɛi ashwie shi.

Ŋmalɛi lɛ ni akwɛɔ nɔ aŋmalaa ekomɛi ashwieɔ shi lɛ bafee nitsumɔ krɛdɛɛ ko yɛ Israel. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, Lala 45:1 kɛɔ akɛ: “Mililɛi tamɔ niŋmalɔ ni he yɔɔ oya woloŋmaa nɔ.” Atsi niŋmalɔi nɛɛ ekomɛi agbɛi ata akɛ amɛji Shafan kɛ Zadok. Shi niŋmalɔ ni ale lɛ jogbaŋŋ yɛ blema bei amli ji Ezra, mɔ ni lɛ hu eŋmala shishijee Biblia mli woji lɛ eko lɛ. (Ezra 7:6; Nehemia 13:​13; Yeremia 36:10) Yɛ sɛɛ mli beni aŋmalaa Biblia lɛ naagbee woji lɛ ekomɛi po lɛ, no mli lɛ aakwɛ nɔ ni aŋmala agbe naa momo lɛ nɔ aaŋmala ekomɛi aashwie shi ni aaja.

Beni Yesu Kristo yɔɔ shikpɔŋ nɔ lɛ, no mli lɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi (1 Mose kɛyashi Maleaki) lɛ yɛ, ni jeee yɛ Yerusalem pɛ, shi moŋ eka shi faŋŋ akɛ yɛ Galilea kpeehei lɛ hu. (Luka 4:​16, 17) Yɛ he ni yɔɔ shɔŋŋ yɛ Beroia yɛ Makedonia po lɛ, no mli lɛ Yudafoi ni hiɛ jwɛŋmɔ kpakpa yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ ‘miipɛi Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli daa gbi’! (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 17:11) Nɔ ni yɔɔ bianɛ lolo ji Biblia mli woji ni akwɛ nɔ aŋmala dani afɔ Yesu lɛ ekomekomei 1,700, kɛ agbɛnɛ nɔ ni ekaselɔi lɛ bua naa (Mateo kɛyashi Kpojiemɔ) ni akwɛ nɔ aŋmala lɛ ekomekomei 4,600.

Ani nɔ ni aŋmala kɛjɛ ekomɛi amli nɛɛ ji anɔkwale? Hɛɛ, nakai eji diɛŋtsɛ. Hebri niŋmalɔi ni no pɛ ji amɛnitsumɔ (ni atsɛɔ amɛ Soferim) lɛ susuɔ tɔmɔi ni aaakwa lɛ ahe waa diɛŋtsɛ. Bɔni afee ni amɛkwɛ akɛ amɛnitsumɔ lɛ ja lo lɛ, amɛkaneɔ wiemɔi komekomei lɛ kɛ agbɛnɛ nɔ ni amɛkɛ amɛniji eŋmala lɛ eko fɛɛ eko mli alfabɛta lɛ fɛɛ amɛkwɛɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, Yesu, bɔfo Paulo kɛ mɛi krokomɛi ni tsɛɔ wiemɔi kɛjɛɔ blema Biblia ŋmalɔi lɛ awiemɔi amli lɛ ayiŋ efeee amɛ kɔshikɔshi yɛ anɔkwale ni nɔ ni akwɛ nɔ aŋmala lɛ ji lɛ ahe.​—Luka 4:​16-21; Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 17:​1-3.

Eji anɔkwale akɛ niŋmalalɔi ni ji Yudafoi lɛ kɛ agbɛnɛ sɛɛ mli niŋmalalɔi ni ji Kristofoi lɛ jeee mɛi ni tɔɔɔ. Tɔmɔi ba mli, shi nɔ ni akwɛ nɔ aŋmala lɛ babaoo ni yɔɔ lolo lɛ yeɔ ebuaa wɔ ni wɔnaa he ni tɔmɔi nɛɛ jɛ. Yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ? Ojogbaŋŋ, niŋmalalɔi sɔrɔtoi tɔɔ tɔmɔi sɔrɔtoi. No hewɔ lɛ, kɛ akɛ niŋmalalɔi nɛɛ anitsumɔi loo niŋmaai sɔrɔtoi lɛ to he lɛ, wɔnyɛɔ wɔyɔseɔ amɛtɔmɔi sɔrɔtoi lɛ pii.

Nɔ Hewɔ ni Wɔbaanyɛ Wɔna Hekɛnɔfɔɔ yɛ Mli

Afi 1947 mli ni trukaa lɛ ayana blema wolo kpoi komɛi yɛ bu ko mli yɛ Ŋshɔ ni Egbo lɛ masɛi. Nakai wolo kpoi lɛ tsɔɔ bɔ ni Ŋmalɛ lɛ aŋmalamɔ ji nɔ ni ja jogbaŋŋ ha. Nɔ ni ana yɛ wolo kpoi nɛɛ ateŋ ji Biblia mli wolo ni ji Yesaia nɔ lɛ eko ni akwɛ nɔ aŋma aaafee afii akpe kome fe ekrokomɛi fɛɛ ni atsɔ hiɛ ana ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ. Ni kɛlɛ, sɔrɔtofeemɔ ni ana akɛ eyɔɔ Ŋshɔ ni Egbo woji ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ amli lɛ kɛ sɛɛ mli nɔ ni aŋmala lɛ amli niŋmaai lɛ ji nibii tamɔ bɔ ni ato wiemɔi lɛ anaa aha kɛ wiemɔ he mla. Ŋmalɛ lɛ shishinumɔ tsakeko yɛ afi akpe ni akɛŋmala lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ! Yɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ ahe lɛ, woloŋlelɔ William Henry Greene baanyɛ akɛɛ akɛ: “Abaanyɛ awie yɛ gbɛ ni yɔɔ shweshweeshwe nɔ akɛ, wolo ko bɛ ni jɛ blema bei amli ni akwɛ nɔ aŋmala yɛ gbɛ ni ja kɛ anɔkwale nɔ tamɔ enɛ.” Awie wiemɔi ni tamɔ nakai nɔŋŋ hu yɛ bɔ ni Kristofoi a-Hela Ŋmalɛi lɛ ni akwɛ nɔ aŋmala lɛ ja ha lɛ hu he.

Eji anɔkwale akɛ, ebaafee miishɛɛ sane akɛ aaana wolo kpo diɛŋtsɛ ni Mose loo Yesaia kɛ amɛniji ŋmala lɛ. Shi shishijee nɔ ni akɛ niji ŋmala nɛɛ ahe ehiaaa wɔ. Jeee wolo kpo lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ji nɔ ni he hiaa lɛ, shi moŋ emli saji lɛ. Ni yɛ naakpɛɛ gbɛ nɔ lɛ, yɛ yinɔsane mli haomɔi kɛ hoofeemɔi kɛ enɔkwɛmɔ kɛ ŋmalamɔ babaoo lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, wɔbaanyɛ wɔna hekɛnɔfɔɔ akɛ nɔ ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ ka he eji saji ni anaa yɛ Blema nɔ ni akɛ niji ŋmala kɛjɛ shishijee lɛ amli lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. No hewɔ lɛ, nɛkɛ Ŋmalɛ mli wiemɔ nɛɛ efee anɔkwale: “Heloo fɛɛ tamɔ jwɛi, ni enunyam lɛ fɛɛ tamɔ jwɛiaŋ fɔfɔi. Jwɛi gbiɔ, ni emli fɔfɔii lɛ kpalaa, shi Nuŋtsɔ lɛ [Yehowa] wiemɔ lɛ hiɔ shi kɛyaa naanɔ.”​—1 Petro 1:​24, 25.