Yerusalem yɛ Biblia Bei Amli Mɛni Shitsaa Jieɔ lɛ Kpo?
SHITSAA he nitsumɔi wuji ni yɔɔ miishɛɛ etee nɔ yɛ Yerusalem, titri lɛ kɛjɛ 1967. Aŋmɛɔ gbɛ ni gbɔmɛi yakwɛɔ hei babaoo ni atsatsai lɛ, no hewɔ lɛ, nyɛhãa wɔkwɛa ekomɛi ni wɔkwɛ bɔ ni shitsaa kɛ Biblia yinɔsane kpãa gbee hãa.
Maŋtsɛ David Yerusalem Lɛ
He ni Biblia lɛ tsɛ lɛ Zion Gɔŋ, ni ama blema David Maŋtiase lɛ yɛ nɔ lɛ, tamɔ he ko ni jeee fɛi yɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Yerusalem maŋtiase lɛ mli. David Maŋtiase lɛ mli shitsaai, ni nilelɔ Yigal Shiloh ni egbo lɛ nyiɛ hiɛ yɛ 1978-85 mli lɛ jieɔ atrakwei wuji ni akɛ tɛi etswa, loo gbogbo wajemɔ nii, yɛ gɔŋ lɛ bokagbɛ.
Nilelɔ Shiloh kɛɛ akɛ, ebaanyɛ efee kpoku loo gbogboi wuji tɛtrɛtɛtrɛɛ ni Yebusbii (gbɔmɛi ni hi jɛmɛ dani David ye nɔ kunim) lɛ tswa mɔɔ wulu ko amɛma nɔ lɛ fã ni eshwɛ. Etsɔɔ mli akɛ, atrakwei wuji ni atswa ni ena yɛ nɛkɛ gbogboi loo kpokui tɛtrɛtɛtrɛɛ nɛɛ anɔ lɛ ji mɔ̃ɔ hee ni David ma yɛ Yebusbii amɔ̃ɔ lɛ mãa he lɛ. 2 Samuel 5:9 kaneɔ akɛ: “Kɛkɛ ni David hi shi yɛ mɔ̃ɔ lɛŋ, ni etsɛ lɛ David maŋ. Ni David tswatswaa gbogboi kɛbɔle he kɛkpe kɛjɛ Milo kɛ emligbɛ lɛ.”
Nɔ ni bɛŋkɛ tsũ nɛɛ ji gbɛ̀i ni maŋ lɛ blema nui agbɛjianɔtoo tsɔɔ mli, ni efãi tamɔ nɔ ni jɛ David be lɛ mli lɛ. Wiemɔi komɛi ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli ni kɔɔ Yerusalem nujɔɔi ni atsatsai lɛ ahe lɛ etee sanebimɔi ashi. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, David kɛɛ ehii lɛ akɛ “mɔ fɛɛ mɔ ni aaagbe Yebusbii lɛ, mɔ lɛ ashɛ nujɔɔ lɛ he” ni enine ashɛ henyɛlɔ lɛ nɔ. (2 Samuel 5:8) David tatsɛ Yoab fee nakai. Mɛni diɛŋtsɛ akɛ wiemɔ “nujɔɔ” lɛ tsɔɔ?
Átee sanebimɔi krokomɛi ni kɔɔ Siloam Nujɔɔ ni ehe gbɛi, ni eeenyɛ efee akɛ Maŋtsɛ Hezekia tsɔnei ahe nilelɔi lɛ tsa yɛ afii ohai kpaanyɔ D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli, ni awie he yɛ 2 Maŋtsɛmɛi 20:20 kɛ 2 Kronika 32:30 he lɛ ashi. Te fee tɛŋŋ ni kui enyɔ ni tsaa nujɔɔ ni ji fɔlɔ ni atsaa kɛtsɔɔ gɔŋ mli yɛ afãi enyɔ lɛ nyɛ amɛkɛ amɛhe kpe? Mɛni hewɔ amɛhala gbɛ ni lɔgɔɔ shi, ni ha nujɔɔ lɛ fee nɔ ni kɛ fe kɛ́ aatsa lɛ trɔ̃mɔ̃ɔ lɛ? Te fee tɛŋŋ ni amɛná kɔɔyɔɔ ni fa amɛmu, titri lɛ akɛni ekolɛ amɛkɛ kanei ni tsoɔ kɛ mu baatsu nii hewɔ?
Wolo tɛtrɛɛ, Biblical Archaeology Review lɛ kɛ hetooi ni baanyɛ afee anɔkwale eha nɛkɛ sanebimɔi nɛɛ. Akɛɛ Dan Gill, shikpɔŋ he nilelɔ yɛ be mli ni atsaa shi lɛ kɛɛ akɛ: “Nɔ ni yɔɔ David maŋtiase lɛ shishi ji karst gbɛjianɔtoo ni adebɔɔ eto he gbɛjianɔ jogbaŋŋ. Karst ji shikpɔŋ he nilee he wiemɔ ni tsɔɔ shikpɔŋ ni bui yɔɔ shishi tamɔ kaaloo bui, tɛkpoji kɛ nujɔɔi ni shikpɔŋ shishi nui gbála beni etsereɔ shwieɔ shi ni ehoɔ kɛtsɔɔ shikpɔŋ shishi tɛi amli lɛ. . . . Shikpɔŋ he nilee ni wɔtsɔ nɔ wɔkɛpɛi shikpɔŋ shishi nujɔɔi kɛ nuhiŋmɛii anaabuamɔ yɛ David Maŋtiase lɛ shishi lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ, gbɔmɛi ni he esa waa titri ji mɛi ni lɛɛ adebɔɔ naa kaaloo bui ni fufuluɔ lɛ kɛ sũ mli nii abui ni atsaa ni afee amɛ nui ni abua naa lɛ amli.”
Enɛ baaye abua ni etsɔɔ bɔ ni atsa Siloam Nujɔɔ lɛ aha lɛ mli. Ebaanyɛ enyiɛ adebɔɔ naa nujɔɔ ni lɔgɔɔ shi ni yɔɔ gɔŋ lɛ shishi lɛ sɛɛ. Kui ni tsuɔ nii kɛjɛɔ afai enyɔ lɛ baanyɛ atsa nujɔɔ kroko kɛtsɔ tɛkpoji ni yɔɔ lɛ atsakemɔ nɔ. Kɛkɛ ni atsa nujɔɔ ni ema enaa shi koni nu lɛ aho kɛjɛ Gihon nuhiŋmɛi lɛ mli kɛya Siloam Kpaakpo, ni ekolɛ eyɔɔ maŋtiase lɛ gbogboi lɛ amli lɛ mli. Enɛ ji tsɔnei ahe nilee diɛŋtsɛ ni nɔ bɛ, ejaakɛ sɔrɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ afãi enyɔ kwɔlɛ mli ji sentimita 32 pɛ [waotalɔi 12.5], yɛ ekɛlɛ ni feɔ mitai 533 lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ.
Woloŋlelɔi eyɔse kɛjɛ jeeŋmɔ akɛ, he ni blema maŋ lɛ naa enu kɛjɛɔ titri ji Gihon nuhiŋmɛi lɛ mli. Eyɛ maŋ lɛ gbogboi lɛ asɛɛ, shi ebɛŋkɛ bɔ ni aaanyɛ atsa nujɔɔ ni atsa bu ni emlikwɔlɛ shɛɔ mitai 11, ni baaha emlibii lɛ agbala nu kɛjɛ mli ni amɛyaŋ gbogboi ni buɔ amɛhe lɛ asɛɛ. Ale enɛ akɛ Warren’s Shaft, ni akɛ Charles Warren ni yana gbɛjianɔtoo nɛɛ yɛ afi 1867 lɛ gbɛi wo enɛ. Shi mɛɛ be atsa nujɔɔ lɛ kɛ bu lɛ? Ani amɛyɛ momo yɛ David gbii lɛ amli? Ani enɛ ji nujɔɔ ni Yoab kɛtsu nii lɛ. Dan Gill haa hetoo: “Bɔni afee ni wɔka wɔkwɛ akɛ Warren Bu lɛ ji adebɔɔ naa fɔlɔ ko ni kã kaaloo bu mli lɛ, wɔpɛi kaaloo bu nɛɛ mli gbogboi lɛ ahe fufuji ni ewa lɛ eko mli wɔkwɛ akɛ wɔɔna carbon 14 ni akɛleɔ afii abɔ ni eye lɛ lo. Eko bɛ mli, ni etsɔɔ akɛ emli sũ ni ewa lɛ fe afii 40,000: Enɛ kɛ odaseyeli ni ŋwanejee ko bɛ he haa akɛ, jeee gbɔmɔ tsa bu ni tamɔ nɛkɛ.”
Nɔ ni Eshwɛ ni Jɛ Hezekia Be Mli
Maŋtsɛ Hezekia hi shi yɛ be mli ni Ashur miiye maji fɛɛ nɔ kunim kɛmiiho. Ashurbii lɛ ye Samaria, akutsei nyɔŋma maŋtsɛyeli lɛ maŋtiase lɛ nɔ kunim, yɛ enɔyeli afi ni ji ekpaa lɛ mli. Afii kpaanyɔ sɛɛ (732 D.Ŋ.B.) lɛ, Ashurbii lɛ ba ekoŋŋ, ni amɛmiiwo Yuda kɛ Yerusalem he gbeyei. 2 Kronika 32:1-8 tsɔɔ Hezekia hefamɔ he ŋaatsɔɔ lɛ mli. Ani odaseyelii komɛi ni anaa ni jɛ nɛkɛ be nɛɛ mli lɛ yɛ?
Hɛɛ, yɛ 1969 mli lɛ, Nilelɔ Nahman Avigad yana nibii ni jɛ nɛkɛ be nɛɛ mli ni eshwɛ lɛ. Shitsaa ha ana gbogbo agbo ko fã, eklɛŋklɛŋ fa lɛ kɛlɛ feɔ mitai 40, elɛɛmɔ feɔ mitai 7, ni kɛ abu ekwɔlɛ naa lɛ, eshɛɔ mitai 8. Gbogbo lɛ ma tɛsaa kɛ shiai ni akumɔ etsɛko nɔ. Namɔ tswa gbogbo lɛ, ni yɛ mɛɛ be? “Biblia mli saji kukuji enyɔ ye bua Avigad ni enyɛ etsɔɔ be lɛ kɛ yiŋtoo ni akɛtswa gbogbo lɛ,” taakɛ shitsaa he wolo tɛtrɛɛ ko bɔ amaniɛ lɛ. Nɛkɛ kukuji nɛɛ kaneɔ akɛ: “Ni ená ekãa, ni esaa gbogboi ni ekumɔ lɛ fɛɛ, ni eha ekwɔ kɛshɛ mɔ̃ji ni kwɔlɔ lɛ ahe, ni etswa gbogbo kroko hu ewo maŋ lɛ he.” (2 Kronika 32:5) “Ni nyɛaakumɔ tsũi lɛ tete ni nyɛkɛ-waje gbogbo lɛ.” (Yesaia 22:10) Ŋmɛnɛ, saralɔi baanyɛ ana nɔ ni akɛɛ atsɛɔ lɛ Gbogbo ni Lɛɛ nɛɛ fã yɛ Yudafoi Ashihilɛhe ni yɔɔ Maŋ Momo lɛ mli lɛ.
Shitsaai sɔrɔtoi jieɔ lɛ kpo hu akɛ, Yerusalem da kwraa fe bɔ ni kulɛ asusu yɛ nɛkɛ be nɛɛ mli, ni ekolɛ ejɛ mɛi ni taoɔ abobaahe lɛ ni jɛ kooyigbɛ maŋtsɛyeli lɛ mli ba, yɛ enɔ kunim ni Ashurbii lɛ ye ni eha amɛyi efa lɛ hewɔ. Nilelɔ Shiloh bu naa akɛ Yebusbii amaŋ lɛ dalɛ aaafee hektai 6. Edalɛ aaafee hektai 16 yɛ Salomo be lɛ mli. Beni Maŋtsɛ Hezekia be lɛ shɛɔ, yɛ afii 300 sɛɛ lɛ, no mli lɛ maŋ lɛ fã ni awaje jɛmɛ lɛ eda kɛyashɛ aaafee hektai 60.
Klɛŋklɛŋ Sɔlemɔtsu Be lɛ Mli Fuuhei
Fuuhei ni jɛ Klɛŋklɛŋ Sɔlemɔtsu be lɛ mli, ni ji akɛ, dani Babilonbii lɛ kpata Yerusalem hiɛ yɛ afi 607 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ, efee he kroko ni ajɛɔ anáa saji. Anaa nibii ni yɔɔ naakpɛɛ beni atsatsaa tɛkpoji ni fee fuuhei yɛ Hinom Jɔɔ lɛ shikpelekemɔ hei lɛ yɛ 1979/80 lɛ. Shitsalɔ Gabriel Barkay kɛɛ akɛ: “Yɛ shitsaa mlipɛimɔ fɛɛ he yinɔsane ni afee yɛ Yerusalem he lɛ mli lɛ, enɛ ji he ni akɛ Klɛŋklɛŋ Sɔlemɔtsu lɛ he nibii fioo ni akɛto, ni ana kɛ emli nibii fɛɛ lɛ ateŋ ekome. Nibii sɔrɔtoi fe akpe yɔɔ mli.” Etee nɔ akɛ: “Nɔ ni shitsalɔ fɛɛ shitsalɔ ni tsuɔ nii yɛ Israel, titri lɛ yɛ Yerusalem hiɛ kã nɔ ji ni ena nɔ ko ni aŋma.” Ana jwiɛtɛi wolo kpoi bibii enyɔ, ni mɛni yɔɔ mli?
Barkay tsɔɔ mli: “Beni mina jwiɛtɛi wolo kpo ni alɛɛ mli ni mikɛfɔ shwɛde ni haa anaa nii wuji lɛ shishi lɛ, minyɛ mina akɛ, akɛ niŋmaa okadii fɛfɛji eha hiɛ, akɛ niŋmaa tso ni naa ba eŋmala jwiɛtɛi wolo fɛtɛfɛtɛ ni waaa lɛ hiɛ. . . . Nyɔŋmɔ Gbɛi ni jeɔ kpo faŋŋ yɛ niŋmaa lɛ mli lɛ feɔ Hebri niŋmaa okadii ni aŋmala yɛ blema Hebri niŋmaai, yod-he-waw-he mli.” Barkay wie kɛfata he yɛ sɛɛ mli niŋmaa ko mli akɛ: “Nɔ ni fee wɔ naakpɛɛ ji akɛ, nɔ ni aŋmala yɛ jwiɛtɛi taoi enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ nɔ ji jɔɔmɔ wiemɔi ni tamɔ Biblia mli Osɔfoi Ajɔɔmɔ lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ.” (4 Mose 6:24-26) Enɛ ji klɛŋklɛŋ be mli ni ana Yehowa gbɛi lɛ yɛ niŋmaa ni ana yɛ Yerusalem lɛ nɔ.
Te fee tɛŋŋ ni woloŋlelɔi nyɛ amɛtsɔɔ be ni akɛŋma jwiɛtɛi wolo kpo nɛɛ? Titri lɛ kɛtsɔ shitsaa he nitsumɔ mli ni ana yɛ lɛ nɔ. Ana shɔ̃ɔ nii komekomei fe 300 ni abaanyɛ atsɔɔ be ni akɛfee yɛ he ni abua nibii anaa ato lɛ, ni etsɔɔ afii 700 kɛ afii 600 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli. Kɛ akɛ bɔ ni aŋmala nibii aha lɛ to niŋmaai krokomɛi ni atsɔɔ amɛbe he lɛ, etsɔɔ akɛ amɛbe jɛ nakai be lɛ nɔŋŋ mli. Anaa wolo-kpoi lɛ yɛ Israel Blema Nibii Atoohe ni yɔɔ Yerusalem lɛ.
Yerusalem Hiɛkpãtamɔ yɛ 607 D.Ŋ.B.
Biblia lɛ wieɔ Yerusalem hiɛkpãtamɔ yɛ 607 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ he yɛ 2 Maŋtsɛmɛi yitso 25, 2 Kronika yitso 36, kɛ Yeremia yitso 39, ni bɔɔ amaniɛ akɛ Nebukadnezar asraafoi lɛ wo maŋ lɛŋ la. Ani shitsaai ni afee nyɛsɛɛ nɛɛ lɛ eye nɛkɛ yinɔsane mli saji nɛɛ ahe odase? Taakɛ Nilelɔ Yigal Shiloh tsɔɔ lɛ, “shitsaa ni yɔɔ faŋŋ he odaseyeli fiɔ odaseyeli [ni kɔɔ hiɛkpãtamɔ ni Babilonbii lɛ kɛba] ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ mli lɛ sɛɛ; . . . nibii sɔrɔtoi fɛɛ ahiɛkpãtamɔ, kɛ la ni awo ni shã tsei ni akɛwo shiai lɛ fɛɛ wɛlɛŋŋ.” Ewie he ekoŋŋ akɛ: “Ána nɛkɛ hiɛkpãtamɔ nɛɛ he nibii yɛ shitsaai ni tee nɔ yɛ Yerusalem lɛ eko fɛɛ eko mli.”
Saralɔi baanyɛ ana nibii ni eshwɛ yɛ hiɛkpãtamɔ ni ba fe afii 2,500 ni eho lɛ mli lɛ. Israelnyo Mɔ̃ɔ, Tsũ ni Eshã, kɛ Bullae We ji shitsaa hei ni ábaa yi ni gbɔmɛi bakwɛɔ lɛ gbɛii ni ale jogbaŋŋ. Shitsalɔ Jane M. Cahill kɛ David Tarler mu sane lɛ naa yɛ Ancient Jerusalem Revealed wolo lɛ mli akɛ: “Jeee akɛ bɔ ni Babilonbii lɛ kpãta Yerusalem hiɛ kwraa lɛ jeɔ kpo faŋŋ yɛ nibii ni áshã ni bua shi babaoo ni atsa, tamɔ yɛ Tsũ ni Ashã lɛ kɛ Bullae We lɛ kɛkɛ mli, shi yɛ tɛi ni ekumɔ ni jɛ tsũi ni kumɔ shwie shi ni ana yɛ bokagbɛ shikpelekemɔ he lɛ hu mli. Bɔ ni Biblia lɛ tsɔɔ bɔ ni akpata maŋ lɛ hiɛ aha lɛ . . . fiɔ shitsaa mli odaseyeli lɛ sɛɛ.”
No hewɔ lɛ, shitsaa ni afee kɛha blema nibii ataomɔ yɛ afii 25 ni eho lɛ mli lɛ, eye bɔ ni Biblia lɛ fee Yerusalem he mfoniri eha kɛjɛ David be lɛ mli kɛbashi ehiɛkpãtamɔ yɛ afi 607 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ he odase yɛ gbɛi pii anɔ. Shi Ŋ.B. klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli Yerusalem lɛ hu?
Yerusalem yɛ Yesu Gbii lɛ Amli
Shitsaai, Biblia lɛ, klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli Yudanyo yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Josephus, kɛ nibii krokomɛi yeɔ buaa woloŋlelɔi ni amɛfeɔ Yerusalem ni yɔɔ Yesu gbii lɛ amli, dani Romabii lɛ kpãta hiɛ yɛ afi 70 Ŋ.B. lɛ he mfoniri. Atsakeɔ ehe mfoniri ko ni ashɔ̃, ni akɛtsɔɔ yɛ Yerusalem gbɔiatoohe wulu ko sɛɛ lɛ mli be fɛɛ be, yɛ bɔ ni nibii ni atsaa shi anaa lɛ jieɔ amɛ kpo lɛ anaa. Nɔ krɛdɛɛ ni sa kadimɔ yɛ maŋ lɛ mli ji Sɔlemɔtsu Gɔŋ, ni Herode lɛɛ mli toi enyɔ kɛ akɛto Salomo be lɛ mli nɔ̃ lɛ he lɛ. Eji kpoku ni amaa tsũ yɛ nɔ ni da fe fɛɛ eko ni gbɔmɔ efee yɛ blema je lɛ mli, ekɛlɛ aaafee mitai 480 kɛ elɛɛmɔ aaafee mitai 280. Tsũmaa tɛi lɛ ekomɛi atsiimɔ shɛɔ tɔn 50, ni ekome ko po yɛ ni eebɛŋkɛ tɔn 400, ni taakɛ woloŋlelɔ ko wie he lɛ, “eko bɛ ni edalɛ kɛ lɛ yeɔ egbɔ yɛ he ko yɛ blema je lɛ mli.”
Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ, no hewɔ ni mɛi pii ahe jɔ̃ amɛhe beni amɛnu ni Yesu kɛɛ: “Nyɛkumɔa sɔlemɔtsu nɛɛ, ni gbii etɛ mli lɛ mama ekoŋŋ” lɛ. Amɛsusu akɛ eetsɔɔ sɔlemɔtsu agbo lɛ, eyɛ mli akɛ eetsɔɔ “egbɔmɔtso sɔlemɔtsu lɛ.” No hewɔ lɛ, amɛkɛɛ: “Afii nyɔŋmai ejwɛ kɛ ekpaa akɛma sɔlemɔtsu nɛɛ, ni bo lɛ, gbii etɛ okɛaama lo?” (Yohane 2:19-21) Akɛni átsatsaa he ni Sɔlemɔtsu Gɔŋ lɛ ma lɛ hewɔ lɛ, saralɔi baanyɛ ana gbogboi afãi kɛ tsũi krokomɛi ni jɛ Yesu be lɛ mli lɛ, ni amɛbaanyɛ amɛnyiɛ gbɛ ni ekolɛ etsɔ nɔ kɛtee sɔlemɔtsu lɛ wuoyigbɛ agboi anaa lɛ nɔ agbɛnɛ.
Nɔ ni kɛ Sɔlemɔtsu Gɔŋ lɛ anaigbɛ gbogbo, ni yɔɔ Yudafoi Ashihilɛhe ni yɔɔ Maŋ Momo lɛ mli lɛ jɛkɛɛɛ ji, shitsaa hei fɛfɛji enyɔ ni jɛ Ŋ.B. klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli, ni áku sɛɛ asaa ekoŋŋ, ni ale akɛ Shĩa ni Eshã lɛ kɛ Herodia Shihilɛhe lɛ. Beni ayana Shĩa ni Eshã lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, shitsalɔ Nahman Avigad ŋma akɛ: “Efee faŋŋ agbɛnɛ akɛ, Romabii lɛ shã shĩa nɛɛ yɛ afi 70 Ŋ.B., yɛ Yerusalem hiɛkpãtamɔ lɛ mli. Enɛ ji klɛŋklɛŋ be, yɛ maŋ lɛ shitsaa he yinɔsane mli, ni maŋ lɛ he odaseyeli ni yɔɔ faŋŋ ni kɔɔ eshãa he eje kpo.”—Kwɛmɔ mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 12 lɛ.
Nibii ni akpa shi ana nɛɛ ekomɛi haa anaa saji ni tee nɔ yɛ Yesu shihilɛ mli lɛ ekomɛi amli faŋŋ. Tsũi lɛ yɛ Maŋ lɛ Ŋwɛigbɛ, he ni Yerusalem niiatsɛmɛi lɛ hiɔ, ni osɔfonukpai lɛ fata he lɛ. Ana kusum nifeemɔi ahe hejuuhei babaoo yɛ shĩai lɛ amli. Woloŋlelɔ ko kɛɛ akɛ: “Hejuuhei babaoo lɛ yeɔ bɔ ni ayeɔ mlai ni kɔɔ jamɔ mli hetsemɔ ni mɛi ni hiɔ Maŋ lɛ Ŋwɛigbɛ lɛ yeɔ nɔ yɛ Sɔlemɔtsu ni Ji Enyɔ lɛ be lɛ mli lɛ he odase. (Aŋmala nɛkɛ mlai nɛɛ yɛ Mishnah, ni kɛ yitsei nyɔŋma wieɔ mikveh lɛ he lɛ mli.)” Nɛkɛ saji nɛɛ yeɔ ebuaa wɔ ni wɔhiɛ sɔɔ Yesu wiemɔi ni kɔɔ Farisifoi lɛ kɛ woloŋmalɔi lɛ akusum nifeemɔi ahe lɛ.—Mateo 15:1-20; Marko 7:1-15.
Ana tɛ-botokui babaoo diɛŋtsɛ ni yɔɔ naakpɛɛ yɛ Yerusalem. Nahman Avigad wie akɛ: “Mɛni hewɔ amɛpueɔ trukaa nɛkɛ ni amɛfa babaoo yɛ Yerusalem shia mli lɛ? Hetoo lɛ kɔɔ halakhah, Yudafoi ahetsuumɔ kusum nifeemɔ he mlai lɛ ahe. Mishnah lɛ kɛɔ akɛ tɛ-botokui fata nibii ni muji nyɛɛɛ amɛ lɛ ahe . . . Anyɛɛɛ awo tɛ he muji yɛ jamɔŋ nifeemɔi amli.” Akɛ jwɛŋmɔ lɛ baa akɛ, enɛ tsɔɔ nɔ hewɔ ni akɛ nu ni Yesu ha etsɔ wein lɛ wo tɛ-botokui amli moŋ fe sũ-nii amli lɛ mli.—3 Mose 11:33; Yohane 2:6.
Israel Blema Nibii Atoohe lɛ saramɔ baatsɔɔ hei enyɔ ni ekaaa ni akɛ gbohii awui toɔ. Biblical Archaeology Review lɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Akɛ hei ni akɛ gbohii awui toɔ nɛɛ tsu nii titri lɛ aaafee afii oha kɛtsɔ be ni Romabii lɛ kɛkpata Yerusalem hiɛ yɛ afi 70 Ŋ.B. lɛ hiɛ. . . . Akɛ mɔ ni egbo lɛ woɔ fɔlɔ ni ákpɛ yɛ tɛkpolo ni afũɔ mɔ yɛ mli lɛ mli; kɛ heloo lɛ kpɔtɔ sɛɛ lɛ, abuaa wui lɛ anaa ni akɛwoɔ he ni akɛ wui toɔ yɛ—nɔ̃ ko ni akɛ nii toɔ mli ni bei pii lɛ eji kaaloo ni ewa ni asaa he fɛfɛo.” Ana enyɔ ni akɛtsɔɔ lɛ yɛ November 1990 yɛ tɛkpolo ko ni afũɔ mɔ yɛ mli lɛ mli. Shitsalɔ Zvi Greenhut bɔ amaniɛ akɛ: “Wiemɔ . . . ‘Kaiafa’ ni yɔɔ he ni akɛ gbohii awui toɔ yɛ gbonyobu lɛ mli lɛ nɔ lɛ jeɔ kpo klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa yɛ biɛ, yɛ shitsaa wiemɔi amli. Ekolɛ eji Osɔfonukpa Kaiafa, ni atsi etã . . . yɛ Kpaŋmɔ Hee lɛ mli lɛ weku gbɛi. Eshia ni yɔɔ Yerusalem nɛɛ mli ajɛ akɛ Yesu hã Roma Amralo Pontio Pilato.” Nuu ko ni eye aaafee afii 60 lɛ wui yɛ hei ni akɛ gbohii awui toɔ lɛ ekome mli. Woloŋlelɔi susuɔ akɛ enɛɛmɛi diɛŋtsɛ ji Kaiafa wui. Woloŋlelɔ ko kɛ nɔ ni ana lɛ toɔ Yesu be lɛ he: “Herode Agripa (37-44 Ŋ.B.) fee shika ni ashwie ni ana yɛ hei krokomɛi ni akɛ gbohii awui toɔ lɛ ekome mli lɛ. Hei sɔrɔtoi ni akɛ Kaiafai agbohii awui toɔ lɛ baanyɛ afee nɔ ni yɔɔ kɛjɛ afii oha lɛ shishijee mli.”
William G. Dever, nilelɔ ni tsuɔ nii yɛ Near Eastern shitsaa nitsumɔhe ni yɔɔ University of Arizona lɛ wie yɛ Yerusalem he akɛ: “Ejeee sane ni wɔwoɔ he akɛ wɔɔkɛɛ akɛ, wɔkase nɛkɛ he nɛɛ shitsaa he yinɔsane babaoo yɛ afii 15 ni eho lɛ mli fe afii 150 ni eho ni abua naa lɛ fɛɛ mli.” Shitsaa he nitsumɔi wuji babaoo ni etee nɔ yɛ Yerusalem yɛ nyɛsɛɛ afii nyɔŋmai nɛɛ amli lɛ kɛ nibii ni ana ni tsɔɔ Biblia yinɔsane mli faŋŋ eha diɛŋtsɛ.
[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 9 lɛ Jɛ]
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[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 10]
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