Yitso 11

Hemɔkɛyeli-Kwamɔ Atsi Gbɛ ni Yaa Nyɔŋmɔ Ŋɔɔ Lɛ

1, 2. (a) Mɛni hewɔ Kristendom klɛŋklɛŋ afii 400 yinɔsane lɛ he hiaa lɛ? (b) Mɛɛ anɔkwale ni kɔɔ nihalamɔi ahe Yesu jaje?

MƐNI hewɔ Kristendom klɛŋklɛŋ afii 400 yinɔsane lɛ he hiaa waa nakai lɛ? Tamɔ bɔ ni gbekɛ ko wala shihilɛ be klɛŋklɛŋ afii lɛ ahe hiaa lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ—ejaakɛ nomɛi ji afii ni anaa ejeŋba nɔ hewalɛ, beni atoɔ mɔ lɛ wɔsɛɛ be su kɛ baŋ shishi ahaa lɛ. Mɛni Kristendom shishijee afii ohai lɛ jieɔ lɛ kpo?

² Dani wɔɔha nakai sanebimɔ lɛ hetoo lɛ, nyɛhaa wɔkaia anɔkwale ko ni Yesu Kristo jaje: “Nyɛbotea agbo fintɔɔ lɛ mli! Ejaakɛ agbo ni lɛɛ kɛ gbɛ tɛtrɛɛɛ ji nɔ ni kɛ mɔ yaa hiɛkpatamɔ mli lɛ, ni mɛi ni boteɔ mli lɛ fa pii. Shi agbo fintɔɔ kɛ gbɛ ni etsa lɛ ji nɔ ni kɛ mɔ yaa wala mli lɛ, ni mɛi fioo ji mɛi ni naa no.” Pɛsɛmkunya gbɛ lɛ yɛ tɛtrɛɛ; shishitoo mlai kpakpai anɔ̃ lɛ yɛ fintɔɔ.—Mateo 7:13, 14.

3. Mɛɛ gbɛi sɔrɔtoi enyɔ ka shi yɛ Kristojamɔ shishijee mli?

³ Yɛ Kristojamɔ shishijee lɛ, no mli lɛ gbɛi enyɔ yɔɔ kɛha mɛi ni fiɔ nakai hemɔkɛyeli ni abuuu lɛ sɛɛ lɛ—amɔ Kristo kɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli tsɔɔmɔi kɛ shishitoo mlai ni aŋmɛɛɛ he akɛsaaa lɛ mli aloo akpalaŋ kɛbɛŋkɛ nakai beaŋ je lɛ gbɛ tɛtrɛɛ ni afeɔ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ yɛ nɔ ni aŋmɛɛɔ saji ahe akɛsaa lɛ he. Taakɛ wɔbaana lɛ, klɛŋklɛŋ afii 400 lɛ yinɔsane tsɔɔ nɔ gbɛ ni yɛ naagbee lɛ mɛi ni fa lɛ tsɔ nɔ loo amɛhala.

Jeŋ Nilee Lakamɔ Lɛ

4. Taakɛ yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Durant tsɔɔ lɛ, wɔŋjamɔ Roma na shishijee sɔlemɔ lɛ nɔ hewalɛ yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?

⁴ Yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Will Durant tsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Sɔlemɔ lɛ ŋɔ jamɔ mli kusum-nifeemɔi kɛ sui komɛi ni ale jogbaŋŋ yɛ [wɔŋjamɔ] Roma dani Kristofoi abe lɛ shɛ—mama naa ni akɛfɔɔ kɔŋ nɔ kɛkpelekeɔ shi kɛ wulɔmɛi atadei kakadaji ni awoɔ, tsofa-kɛ-ŋma kɛ nu krɔŋkrɔŋ ni akɛtsuuɔ mɛi ahe, kɛnɛrɛ ni ashãa kɛ naanɔ la ni tsoɔ yɛ afɔleshaa latɛ hiɛ, krɔŋkrɔŋbii lɛ ajamɔ, sɔlemɔtsu wulu lɛ maa, Roma mla akɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mla, sabala Pontifex Maximus kɛha Osɔfo Nukpa lɛ, kɛ agbɛnɛ Latin wiemɔ lɛ yɛ afii ohai ejwɛ lɛ mli . . . Etsɛŋ ni osɔfonukpai lɛ moŋ baatsɔmɔ famɔ kɛ hewalɛ jɛɛhe yɛ maŋtiasei lɛ amli fe Roma maŋ nɔkwɛlɔi lɛ; maŋtiasei anɔkwɛlɔi, loo osɔfonukpai lɛ baafi kpokpai anɔyelɔi lɛ asɛɛ, kɛji amɛbayeee amɛnajiaŋ; ni osɔfonukpai akpee lɛ baaye kpokpaa nɔ gwabɔɔ lɛ najiaŋ. Roma Sɔlemɔ lɛ nyiɛ Roma maŋ nɔyeli lɛ nanemaa hei asɛɛ.”—The Story of Civilization: Part III—Caesar and Christ.

5. Yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ su ni ha aŋmɛɛ saji ahe koni akɛ Roma wɔŋjamɔ je lɛ asaa lɛ kɛ mra be mli Kristofoi aniŋmaai kpaaa gbee?

⁵ Nɛkɛ su ni ji sane he ni aŋmɛɛ ni akɛ Roma je lɛ saa nɛɛ yɛ sɔrɔto kwraa yɛ Kristo kɛ bɔfoi lɛ atsɔɔmɔi ahe. (Kwɛmɔ akrabatsa lɛ, baafa 262.) Bɔfo Petro wo ŋaa akɛ: “Suɔmɔmɛi, . . . mikɛ kaimɔ tsiɛɔ nyɛjwɛŋmɔ krɔŋŋ lɛ hiɛ, ni nyɛkai gbalɔi krɔŋkrɔŋi lɛ awiemɔi ni amɛwie sa lɛ, kɛ Nuŋtsɔ kɛ Yiwalaherelɔ lɛ kita ni bɔfoi ni atsu nyɛŋɔɔ lɛ kɛbaha nyɛ lɛ. Agbɛnɛ, nyɛ lɛ, suɔmɔmɛi, akɛni nyɛle momo sa hewɔ lɛ nyɛsaraa, koni akɛ gbɔmɛi fɔji alakamɔ sane lɛ akashata nyɛ hu, ni nyɛjɛ nyɛ diɛŋtsɛ nyɛshifimɔ lɛ mli nyɛgbee shi.” Paulo wo ŋaa yɛ faŋŋ mli akɛ: “Nyɛkɛ mɛi ni heee yeee lɛ akagbalaa kɔŋtso kome ni yeee egbɔ! Ejaakɛ mɛɛ bɔɔ jalɛ kɛ mlatɔmɔ yɔɔ? Aloo mɛɛ yeli la kɛ duŋ yɔɔ? . . . No hewɔ lɛ Yehowa kɛɛ: ‘Nyɛjea amɛteŋ, ni nyɛtsea nyɛhe, ni nyɛkataa muji nɔ ko he, ni mahere nyɛ atuu.’”—2 Petro 3:1, 2, 17; 2 Korintobii 6:14-17; Kpojiemɔ 18:2-5.

6, 7. (a) Hela jeŋ nilee na mra be mli sɔlemɔ “tsɛmɛi” lɛ anɔ hewalɛ yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ? (b) Hewalɛ ni Hela na yɛ mɛi anɔ lɛ je kpo yɛ mɛɛ tsɔɔmɔi amli titri? (d) Mɛɛ kɔkɔbɔɔ ni kɔɔ jeŋ nilee he Paulo kɛha?

⁶ Yɛ nɛkɛ ŋaawoo ni mli ka shi faŋŋ nɛɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Kristofoi ni kwa hemɔkɛyeli lɛ ni hi shi yɛ afii ohai enyɔ lɛ mli lɛ ŋɔ Roma wɔŋjamɔ hewulamɔ nibii lɛ amɛfee amɛnɔ̃. Amɛgbala amɛhe shi moŋ kɛjɛ amɛ Biblia mli shishijee nibii ni yɔɔ krɔŋŋ lɛ ahe ni amɛkɛ Roma wɔŋjamɔ atadei kɛ sabalai wula amɛhe ni Hela jeŋ nilee yimɔ amɛ obɔbɔ. Nilelɔ Wolfson ni jɛ Harvard University lɛ tsɔɔ mli yɛ The Crucible of Christianity lɛ mli akɛ “jeŋmajiaŋbii ni akɛ jeŋ nilee etsɔse amɛ” lɛ babaoo bote Kristojamɔ mli yɛ afii ohai enyɔ lɛ mli. Helabii anilee sa mɛnɛɛmɛi ahiɛ ni amɛsusu akɛ amɛna nibii komɛi ni je amɛhe yɛ Hela jeŋ nilee kɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli tsɔɔmɔi lɛ amli. Wolfson tee nɔ akɛ: “Yɛ bei komɛi amli lɛ bɔ ni amɛwieɔ amɛhaa lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ jeŋ nilee ji Nyɔŋmɔ nikeenii krɛdɛɛ kɛha Helabii lɛ kɛtsɔ adesa susumɔ nɔ, tamɔ bɔ ni Ŋmalɛ lɛ ji kɛha Yudafoi lɛ kɛtsɔ kpojiemɔ diɛŋtsɛ nɔ lɛ.” Etee nɔ akɛ: “Sɔlemɔ lɛ Tsɛmɛi lɛ . . . kɛ amɛhe wo nɔ ni amɛkpɛ mli akɛ amɛbaafee lɛ mli, akɛ amɛbaatsɔɔ akɛ, yɛ bɔ ni Ŋmalɛ lɛ sumɔɔ ni ejie ehe kpo yɛ wiemɔ ni waaa ni awieɔ be fɛɛ be lɛ mli lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, akɛ jeŋ nilelɔi lɛ atsɔɔmɔi etee wiemɔi ni amɛshishinumɔ bɛ faŋŋ ni amɛná yɛ amɛ Academy, Lyceum, kɛ Porch [hei ni agbaa jeŋ nilee he saji yɛ] lɛ amli.”

⁷ Su ni tamɔ nɛkɛ ŋmɛ gbɛ koni Hela jeŋ nilee kɛ wiemɔi agbu shi abote Kristendom tsɔɔmɔi amli, titri lɛ yɛ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ kɛ hemɔkɛyeli ni ayɔɔ yɛ susuma ni gbooo lɛ mli lɛ mli. Taakɛ Wolfson tsɔɔ lɛ: “[Sɔlemɔ] lɛ Tsɛmɛi lɛ je shishi akɛ amɛaakwɛ jeŋ nilee mli wiemɔi ni abua naa lɛ amli koni amɛna emli wiemɔi enyɔ ni hi, ni akɛ ekome baatsu nii akɛ nɔ ni tsɔɔ bɔ ni esoro Triniti lɛ mlibii lɛ ateŋ mɔ fɛɛ mɔ diɛŋtsɛ ha akɛ mɔ aŋkro, ni akɛ ekroko lɛ baatsu nii akɛ nɔ ni tsɔɔ ekomefeemɔ ni hɔ amɛteŋ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ.” Kɛlɛ, ehe bahia ni amɛkpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ, “Nyɔŋmɔi etɛ ni fee ekome he susumɔ lɛ ji teemɔŋ-sane ni anyɛŋ akɛ adesa susumɔ ana naa.” Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ nakai lɛ, Paulo eyoo oshara ni yɔɔ mujiwoo nɛɛ kɛ ‘sanekpakpa lɛ hiɛ ni amɛtaoɔ amɛtsɔ amɛbu shi’ lɛ mli lɛ yɛ faŋŋ mli beni eŋma wolo eyaha Galata kɛ Kolose Kristofoi lɛ: “Nyɛkwɛa nyɛhe ni ahia, koni mɔ ko kɛ jeŋ nilee [Hela, phi·lo·so·phiʹas] kɛ yaka-shishiumɔ akaŋɔ nyɛ nom, yɛ gbɔmɛi ablema saji kɛ je nɛŋ shishijee nibii ni jeee Kristo lɛ anaa.”—Galatabii 1:7-9; Kolosebii 2:8; 1 Korintobii 1:22, 23.

Aha Gbohiiashitee lɛ Fee Efolo

8. Mɛɛ shihilɛ ni anuuu shishi gbɔmɔ kɛshi mple, ni jamɔi pii ebɔ mɔdɛŋ ni amɛna naa yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?

⁸ Taakɛ wɔna yɛ wolo nɛɛ mli fɛɛ lɛ, gbɔmɔ kɛ eshihilɛ be kuku ni afo husu awo he ni baa naagbee yɛ gbele mli ni enuuu shishi lɛ eshi mple aahu. Taakɛ German wolo-feelɔ Gerhard Herm tsɔɔ mli yɛ ewolo The Celts—The People Who Came Out of the Darkness lɛ mli lɛ: “Kɛfata nibii krokomɛi ahe lɛ, jamɔ ji gbɛ ni atsɔɔ nɔ ahaa gbɔmɛi ahiɛ baa anɔkwale ni eji akɛ esa akɛ amɛgboi gbi ko lɛ nɔ, kɛji kɛtsɔ shihilɛ kpakpa ni yɔɔ gbonyo bu lɛ sɛɛ, fɔmɔ ekoŋŋ, aloo enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ he shiwoo nɔ.” Abaanyɛ akɛɛ akɛ jamɔ fɛɛ jamɔ kɛ ehe fɔɔ hemɔkɛyeli akɛ adesa susuma lɛ gbooo, ni akɛ yɛ gbele sɛɛ lɛ, efaa gbɛ kɛyaa wala sɛɛ shihilɛ ko mli aloo akɛ eyaboteɔ bɔɔnɔ kroko mli lɛ nɔ.

9. Te Spania woloŋlelɔ Miguel de Unamuno mu sane naa yɛ hemɔkɛyeli ni Yesu yɔɔ yɛ gbohiiashitee lɛ mli lɛ he eha tɛŋŋ?

⁹ Etamɔ nɔ ni jamɔi fɛɛ ni yɔɔ Kristendom ŋmɛnɛ lɛ hu nyiɛɔ nakai hemɔkɛyeli lɛ sɛɛ. Miguel de Unamuno, afii ohai 20 lɛ mli Spania woloŋlelɔ ko ni ehe gbɛi ŋma yɛ Yesu he akɛ: “Ehé heloo lɛ shitee [tamɔ Lazaro nɔ lɛ (kwɛmɔ baafai 249-52)] yɛ Yudafoi lɛ agbɛ nɔ lɛ moŋ eye, shi jeee susuma ni gbooo, yɛ [Hela] Plato gbɛ nɔ. . . . Abaanyɛ ana enɛ he odaseyelii yɛ wolo fɛɛ wolo ni tsɔɔ saji ashishi ni yeɔ anɔkwale lɛ mli.” Ekɛba naagbee akɛ: “Susuma ni gbooo lɛ . . . ji wɔŋjalɔi ajeŋ nilee he tsɔɔmɔ ni abiii sane yɛ he.” (La Agonía Del Cristianismo [Kristojamɔ Piŋmɔ Lɛ]) Nakai “wɔŋjalɔi ajeŋ nilee he tsɔɔmɔ ni abiii sane yɛ he” lɛ gbu shi kɛbote Kristendom tsɔɔmɔi amli, tsɛbelɛ Kristo bɛ susumɔ ko ni tamɔ nɛkɛ kwraa.—Mateo 10:28; Yohane 5:28, 29; 11:23, 24.

10. Mɛni ji nibii komɛi ni jɛ hemɔkɛyeli ni ayɔɔ yɛ susuma ni gbooo lɛ mli lɛ mli ba?

¹⁰ Bɔ ni Hela jeŋ nilee naa mɛi anɔ hewalɛ yɛ gbɛ ni yɔɔ nigii nɔ lɛ ji nɔ titri yɛ hemɔkɛyeli-kwamɔ ni nyiɛ bɔfoi lɛ agbele sɛɛ ba lɛ mli. Hela susuma ni gbooo tsɔɔmɔ lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ ehe miihia ni ana shihilɛ hei sɔrɔtoi aha susuma lɛ—ŋwɛi, hɛl-la, hetsuumɔ he, paradeiso, Limbo.a Akɛni amɛkɛ nɛkɛ tsɔɔmɔi nɛɛ tsu nii yɛ ŋaa mli hewɔ lɛ, ebafee mlɛo kɛha osɔfoi akuu ko akɛ amɛaaba amɛ sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ ashi yɛ Gbele Sɛɛ Shihilɛ he gbeyeishemɔ mli koni amɛkɛshɔ̃ nikeenii kɛ shika kɛjɛ amɛdɛŋ. Ni enɛ kɛ wɔ yaa sanebimɔ kroko he: Te fee tɛŋŋ ni Kristendom osɔfoi akuu ni amɛtse amɛhe lɛ je shishi hu?—Yohane 8:44; 1 Timoteo 4:1, 2.

Bɔ ni Fee ni Ato Osɔfoi Akuu Lɛ

11, 12. (a) Mɛni ji hemɔkɛyeli kwamɔ he okadi kroko ni te shi? (b) Mɛni bɔfoi lɛ kɛ onukpai ni yɔɔ Yerusalem lɛ tsu?

¹¹ Hemɔkɛyeli-kwamɔ lɛ he nɔ kroko ji sɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ lɛ ni Kristofoi fɛɛ kɛ amɛhe woɔ mli, taakɛ Yesu kɛ bɔfoi lɛ tsɔɔ, ni atsi he kɛjɛ he, ni ashi aha osɔfoi akuu lɛ kɛ amɛnɔyeli lɛ ni te shi yɛ Kristendom lɛ. (Mateo 5:14-16; Romabii 10:13-15; 1 Petro 3:15) Yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli, yɛ Yesu gbele sɛɛ lɛ, ebɔfoi lɛ kɛ Kristofoi onukpai krokomɛi ni edara yɛ mumɔŋ ni sa ni yɔɔ Yerusalem lɛ sɔmɔ akɛ mɛi ni kɛ ŋaawoo kɛ gbɛtsɔɔmɔ haa Kristofoi asafo lɛ. Amɛteŋ mɔ ko bɛ ni nɔ kwɔ fe mɛi ni eshwɛ lɛ.—Galatabii 2:9.

¹² Ehe bahia ni amɛ fɛɛ amɛkpe yɛ afi 49 Ŋ.B., yɛ Yerusalem, koni amɛtao hetoo amɛha saji komɛi ni kɔɔ Kristofoi fɛɛ ahe. Biblia mli sane lɛ kɛɔ akɛ yɛ be mli ni amɛsusu sane lɛ he yɛ faŋŋ mli lɛ, “esa bɔfoi lɛ kɛ onukpai [pre·sbyʹte·roi] lɛ kɛ asafo muu lɛ fɛɛ hiɛ akɛ amɛaafamɔ hii komɛi yɛ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛteŋ, ni atsu amɛ kɛ Paulo kɛ Barnaba kɛya Antiokia, . . . ni amɛŋma wolo amɛha amɛ akɛ: ‘Bɔfoi lɛ kɛ onukpai lɛ kɛ nyɛmimɛi lɛ miibi nyɛmimɛi ni jɛ jeŋmaji lɛ ateŋ ni yɔɔ Antiokia kɛ Siria kɛ Kilikia lɛ jogbaŋŋ!’” Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ bɔfoi lɛ kɛ onukpai lɛ sɔmɔ akɛ najiaŋdaamɔ nɔkwɛmɔ gbɛjianɔtoo amɛha Kristofoi asafoi ni egbɛ eshwa lɛ.—Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 15:22, 23.

13. (a)Mɛɛ gbɛjianɔtoo hi shi kɛha mra be mli Kristofoi asafoi lɛ eko fɛɛ eko nɔkwɛmɔ? (b) Mɛni ji hesaai kɛha asafoŋ onukpai?

¹³ Agbɛnɛ akɛni nakai nɔyeli kuu ni yɔɔ Yerusalem lɛ ji klɛŋklɛŋ Kristofoi agbɛjianɔtoo kɛha Kristofoi fɛɛ anɔkwɛmɔ hewɔ lɛ, mɛɛ gbɛtsɔɔmɔ he gbɛjianɔtoo amɛyɔɔ yɛ asafoi komekomei lɛ amli? Paulo wolo ni eŋma eyaha Timoteo lɛ feɔ lɛ faŋŋ akɛ asafoi lɛ yɛ nɔkwɛlɔi (Hela, e·piʹsko·pos, wiemɔ “episkopal” jɛɛhe) ni ji mumɔŋ onukpai pre·sbyʹte·roi) hii ni amɛjeŋba kɛ mumɔŋ shihilɛ eha amɛhe esa akɛ amɛtsɔɔ amɛnanemɛi Kristofoi lɛ anii. (1 Timoteo 3:1-7; 5:17) Nɛkɛ hii nɛɛ efeee osɔfoi akuu ni esoro amɛ yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli. Amɛwooo atade ko ni haa esoroɔ amɛ. Amɛmumɔŋ salɛ lɛ ji sɔrɔto-feemɔ lɛ. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, asafo fɛɛ asafo yɛ onukpai (nɔkwɛlɔi) akuu, jeee gbɔmɔ kome nɔyeli tamɔ maŋtsɛ.—Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 20:17; Filipibii 1:1.

14. (a) Te fee tɛŋŋ ni yɛ naagbee lɛ Kristendom osɔfonukpai lɛ baye nɔkwɛlɔi Kristofoi lɛ anajiaŋ lɛ? (b) Namɛi bɔ mɔdɛŋ ni amɛtsɔmɔ gbɔmɛi agboi yɛ osɔfonukpai lɛ ateŋ?

¹⁴ Beni be shwieɔ mli lɛ pɛ kɛkɛ ni atsake wiemɔ e·piʹsko·posb (nɔkwɛlɔ, sɔɔlɔ nɔkwɛlɔ) lɛ afee lɛ “bishop,” ni eshishi ji osɔfonukpa ni kwɛɔ osɔfoi ni yɔɔ ekpokpaa nɔ lɛ anɔ. Taakɛ Spania Jesuit osɔfo Bernardino Llorca tsɔɔ mli lɛ: “Kɛjɛ shishijee lɛ, sɔrɔto-feemɔ tsɔ ko bɛ osɔfonukpai lɛ kɛ asafoŋ onukpai lɛ ateŋ, ni agbala jwɛŋmɔ kɛtee wiemɔi lɛ ashishinumɔ pɛ nɔ: bishop tamɔ sɔɔlɔ nɔkwɛlɔ; presbyter tamɔ asafoŋ onukpa. . . . Shi fiofio ni sɔrɔto-feemɔ lɛ bafee faŋŋ, ni akɛ gbɛi bishop lɛ damɔ shi aha sɔɔlɔi nɔkwɛlɔi ni he hiaa waa, ni hiɛ osɔfoi ahewalɛ ni fe fɛɛ kɛ hegbɛ ni haa amɛkɛ amɛniji shwieɔ mɔ ko nɔ ni aŋɔɔ lɛ awoɔ osɔfoyeli lɛ mli lɛ.” (Historia de la Iglesia Católica [Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ Yinɔsane]) Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, osɔfonukpai lɛ je shishi amɛtsu nii tamɔ maŋtsɛmɛi agbɛjianɔtoo ko, titri lɛ kɛjɛ afii ohai ejwɛ lɛ shishijee mli. Ato osɔfoi anɔyeli kuu ko ama shi, ni yɛ be ni sa mli lɛ, mɛi pii kpɛlɛ Roma osɔfonukpa lɛ, ni kɛɔ akɛ eji Petro sɛɛyelɔ lɛ nɔ akɛ osɔfonukpa ni fe fɛɛ kɛ paapa.

15. Mɛɛ bu kwɔŋkwɔŋ ka mra be mli Kristofoi ahiɛnyiɛmɔ lɛ kɛ Kristendom nɔ̃ lɛ teŋ?

¹⁵ Ŋmɛnɛ, osɔfonukpa gbɛhe ni yɔɔ Kristendom sɔlemɔi sɔrɔtoi lɛ amli lɛ ji hiɛnyamwoo kɛ hewalɛ gbɛhe, ni awoɔ amɛ nyɔmɔ jogbaŋŋ hu ni yɛ be babaoo mli lɛ abuɔ amɛ afataa nɔyeli mli abladei ni yɔɔ maŋ fɛɛ maŋ mli lɛ ahe. Shi nɔ ni ka amɛhenɔwomɔ kɛ amɛgbɛhei grɔŋŋi lɛ kɛ klɛŋklɛŋ Kristofoi asafoi lɛ agbɛjianɔtoo ni enifeemɔ yɔɔ kuku ni yɔɔ Kristo kɛ onukpai loo nɔkwɛlɔi lɛ ashishi lɛ teŋ ji sɔrɔto-feemɔ ko ni da waa. Ni mɛni wɔbaanyɛ wɔwie yɛ bu kwɔŋkwɔŋ ni ka Petro kɛ mɛi ni akɛɛ amɛji esɛɛyelɔi, ni amɛye nɔ tamɔ lumɛi yɛ Vatikan shihilɛ fɛfɛo ni jara wa lɛ teŋ lɛ he?—Luka 9:58; 1 Petro 5:1-3.

Paapa Hewalɛ kɛ Hiɛnyamwoo

16, 17. (a) Te wɔfeɔ tɛŋŋ wɔleɔ akɛ mra be mli Roma asafo lɛ bɛ osɔfonukpa loo paapa ko kudɔmɔ shishi? (b) Te fee tɛŋŋ ni sabala “paapa” ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ ba?

¹⁶ Mra be mli asafoi ni kpɛlɛ gbɛtsɔɔmɔ ni jɛ bɔfoi lɛ kɛ onukpai ni yɔɔ Yerusalem lɛ aŋɔɔ lɛ nɔ lɛ ateŋ ekome ji nɔ ni yɔɔ Roma, ni ekolɛ Kristofoi anɔkwale lɛ bashɛ jɛmɛ yɛ afi 33 Ŋ.B. Pentekoste sɛɛ be ko lɛ. (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 2:10) Taakɛ Kristofoi asafoi krokomɛi ni yɔɔ nakai be lɛ mli ji lɛ, amɛyɛ onukpai, ni sɔmɔ akɛ nɔkwɛlɔi akuu ni amɛteŋ mɔ ko nɔ kwɔɔɔ fe mɛi ni eshwɛ lɛ. Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ mɛi ni Roma asafo lɛ mli klɛŋklɛŋ nɔkwɛlɔi lɛ kɛ amɛ hi shi lɛ ateŋ mɔ ko ebuuu amɛ akɛ osɔfonukpai loo akɛ paapa, ejaakɛ no mli lɛ osɔfoyeli ni tamɔ maŋtsɛyeli ni yɔɔ Roma lɛ bako. Ewa akɛ aaale be pɔtɛɛ ni osɔfo kome maŋtsɛyeli lɛ je shishi. Odaseyeli lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ ebɔi kɛjɛ afii ohai enyɔ lɛ mli.—Romabii 16:3-16; Filipibii 1:1.

¹⁷ Akɛ sabala “paapa” (ni jɛ Hela paʹpas, papa mli) lɛ tsuuu nii yɛ klɛŋklɛŋ afii ohai enyɔ lɛ mli. Tsutsu Jesuit osɔfo Michael Walsh tsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Etamɔ nɔ ni klɛŋklɛŋ be mli ni atsɛ Roma Bishop loo Osɔfonukpa ko akɛ ‘Paapa’ lɛ ba yɛ afii ohai etɛ lɛ mli, ni akɛ sabala lɛ ha Paapa Callistus . . . Beni afii ohai enumɔ lɛ baa naagbee lɛ, kɛ atsɛ ‘Paapa’ lɛ, belɛ aatsɔɔ Roma Osɔfonukpa loo Bishop lɛ, shi jeee mɔ ko mɔ ko. Shi, afii ohai nyɔŋma kɛ ekome lɛ mli dani Paapa ko nyɛ ekɛɛ akɛ nakai sabala lɛ kɔɔ lɛ pɛ ehe.”—An Illustrated History of the Popes.

18. (a) Namɔ ji klɛŋklɛŋ Roma osɔfonukpai lɛ ateŋ mɔ ni kɛ ehewalɛ nyɛ mɛi anɔ lɛ? (b) Mɛni nɔ adamɔɔ akɛɔ akɛ paapa lɛ ji mɔ ni kwɔ fe fɛɛ lɛ? (d) Mɛni ji Mateo 16:18, 19 lɛ shishinumɔ ni ja?

¹⁸ Klɛŋklɛŋ Roma osɔfonukpai lɛ ateŋ mɔ kome ni kɛ ehewalɛ nyɛ mɛi anɔ ji Paapa Leo I (paapa, 440-461 Ŋ.B.). Michael Walsh tee nɔ etsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Leo ŋɔ be ko wɔŋjalɔi asabala ni ji Pontifex Maximus (Wulɔmɔ Nukpa), ni paapai lɛ kɛtsuɔ nii lolo ŋmɛnɛ, ni Roma Maŋtsɛmɛi lɛ hiɛ mli aahu kɛbashi afii ohai ejwɛ lɛ naagbee lɛ akɛ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ enɔ.” Leo I kɛ enifeemɔ lɛ damɔ bɔ ni Katolekbii tsɔɔ Yesu wiemɔi ni anaa yɛ Mateo 16:18, 19 lɛ shishi amɛhaa lɛ nɔ. (Kwɛmɔ baafa 268) “Ejaje akɛ akɛni Hetselɔ Petro ji Bɔfoi lɛ ateŋ klɛŋklɛŋ mɔ hewɔ lɛ, esa akɛ abu Hetselɔ Petro sɔlemɔ lɛ akɛ nɔ ni kwɔ fe fɛɛ yɛ sɔlemɔi lɛ ateŋ.” (Man’s Religions) Yɛ nifeemɔ nɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, Leo I fee lɛ faŋŋ akɛ, yɛ be mli ni maŋtsɛ lɛ hiɛ jeŋ nɔyeli hewalɛ yɛ Konstantinopol yɛ Bokagbɛ lɛ, belɛ lɛ hu ekɛ mumɔŋ hewalɛ miiye nɔ kɛmiijɛ Roma yɛ Anaigbɛ. Afee hewalɛ nɛɛ he nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lolo beni Paapa Leo III wo Charlemagne Roma Maŋtsɛyeli Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ nɔ maŋtsɛ yɛ afi 800 Ŋ.B. lɛ.

19, 20. (a) Te abuɔ paapa lɛ yɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ ahaa tɛŋŋ? (b) Mɛni ji paapa lɛ nitsumɔ mli sabalai lɛ ekomɛi? (d) Mɛɛ sɔrɔto-feemɔ abaanyɛ ana yɛ paapai lɛ ajeŋba kɛ Petro nɔ̃ lɛ teŋ?

¹⁹ Kɛjɛ 1929 kɛbaa nɛɛ, je lɛŋ nɔyelii ebu Roma paapa lɛ akɛ maŋ kroko ni hiɛ ehe, Vatikan Maŋtiase lɛ, nɔyelɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, Roma Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ baanyɛ atsu najiaŋdamɔlɔi ni le maŋ nɔkwɛmɔ he ŋaa, paapa lɛ bɔfoi, kɛya je lɛŋ nɔyelii lɛ aŋɔɔ, ni jamɔ gbɛjianɔtoo kroko ko efeee nakai. (Yohane 18:36) Akɛ sabalai pii woɔ paapa lɛ hiɛ nyam, ekomɛi ji Yesu Kristo Najiaŋdamɔlɔ, Bɔfoi lɛ anɔ Lumɔ lɛ Sɛɛyelɔ, Jeŋ Muu Fɛɛ Sɔlemɔ lɛ Osɔfonukpa, Anaigbɛ Blematsɛ, Italia Osɔfonukpa, Vatikan Maŋtiase lɛ Maŋtsɛ. Akɛ agbojee kɛ hiɛnyamwoo babaoo tereɔ lɛ yɛ kusum-nifeemɔi amli. Akɛ woo ni akɛhaa Maŋ Onukpa haa lɛ. Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ nakai lɛ, kadimɔ bɔ ni Petro, ni akɛɛ eji klɛŋklɛŋ paapa kɛ Roma osɔfonukpa lɛ fee enii eha, beni Kornelio, Roma asraafoi oha tsɛ lɛ kula shi yɛ ehiɛ koni eja lɛ lɛ: “Shi Petro wo enɔ, ni ekɛɛ: ‘Tee shi, shi mi hu gbɔmɔ ji mi.’”—Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 10:25, 26; Mateo 23:8-12.

²⁰ Agbɛnɛ sanebimɔ lɛ ji, Te fee tɛŋŋ ni nakai shishijee afii ohai lɛ amli sɔlemɔ ni ekwa hemɔkɛyeli lɛ bana hewalɛ kɛ hiɛnyamwoo babaoo nɛkɛ? Te fee tɛŋŋ ni atsake Kristo kɛ klɛŋklɛŋ Kristofoi lɛ ashihilɛ kuku kɛ heshibaa lɛ afee lɛ Kristendom henɔwomɔ kɛ agbojee babaoo nɛkɛ?

Kristendom Shishitoo

21, 22. Mɛɛ tsakemɔ kpele akɛɛ etee nɔ yɛ Konstantino shihilɛ mli, ni ekɛ enɛ tsu nii yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?

²¹ Tsakemɔ be kɛha nɛkɛ jamɔ hee nɛɛ ni yɔɔ Roma Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ mli lɛ ji afi 313 Ŋ.B., nɔ ni akɛɛ eji Maŋtsɛ Konstantino tsakemɔ kɛmiiba “Kristojamɔ” mli lɛ. Te fee tɛŋŋ ni nɛkɛ tsakemɔ nɛɛ ba? Konstantino baye etsɛ sɛɛ yɛ afi 306 Ŋ.B., ni yɛ naagbee lɛ ekɛ Licinius bafee Roma Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ mli hefatalɔi nɔyelɔi. Bɔ ni enyɛ etuu ehe eha Kristojamɔ kɛ bɔ ni lɛ diɛŋtsɛ eheɔ ŋwɛi hebuu eyeɔ lɛ na enɔ hewalɛ. Dani eeeya eyawuu ta ko yɛ Roma masɛi yɛ Milvian Bridge yɛ afi 312 Ŋ.B. lɛ, ekɛɛ akɛɛ lɛ yɛ lamɔ mli akɛ eŋma “Kristofoi” aniŋmalamɔ—Hela niŋmaa okadii khi kɛ rho, ni ji Kristo gbɛi yɛ Hela mli lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ niŋmaa okadii enyɔ lɛ—yɛ esraafoi lɛ tsɛŋi ahe.c Konstantino tabilɔi lɛ kɛ ‘sɛbɛ krɔŋkrɔŋ’ nɛɛ ye ehenyɛlɔ Maxentius nɔ kunim.

²² Beni Konstantino ye kunim lɛ sɛɛ etsɛɛɛ ni ekɛɛ akɛ ebatsɔ heyelilɔ, eyɛ mli akɛ abaptisiii lɛ aahu kɛbashi be mli ni eshwɛ fioo ni ebaagbo, afii 24 sɛɛ. Etee nɔ ni enine shɛ mɛi ni kɛɛ amɛji Kristofoi yɛ emaŋtsɛyeli lɛ mli lɛ asɛɛfimɔ nɔ kɛtsɔ “[Hela niŋmaa okadii] Chi-Rho [ ] ni ekpɛlɛ nɔ loo eŋɔ akɛ eji ekadii lɛ nɔ . . . Shi akɛ Chi-Rho lɛ etsu nii momo akɛ niŋmaa okadii ni ákɛtsa yɛ wɔŋjalɔi kɛ Kristofoi awoji amli.”—The Crucible of Christianity, ni Arnold Toynbee kwɛ mli ekɛto he gbɛjianɔ lɛ.

23. (a) Taakɛ saji ahe wielɔ ko tsɔɔ lɛ, mɛɛ be mli Kristendom je shishi? (b) Mɛni hewɔ wɔbaanyɛ wɔkɛɛ akɛ jeee Kristo to Kristendom shishi lɛ?

²³ Nɔ ni jɛ mli ba ji akɛ, ato Kristendom shishi. Taakɛ Ŋleshi redio nɔ wielɔ Malcolm Muggeridge ŋma yɛ ewolo, The End of Christendom lɛ mli lɛ: “Maŋtsɛ Konstantino ji mɔ ni je Kristendom shishi.” Shi, ewie wiemɔ ko ni tsɔɔ nɔ ko yɔsemɔ: “Obaanyɛ okɛɛ po akɛ Kristo diɛŋtsɛ gu Kristendom dani eje shishi yɛ sane ni ejaje akɛ emaŋtsɛyeli lɛ jɛɛɛ je nɛŋ—ewiemɔi lɛ fɛɛ ateŋ nɔ ni yaa shɔŋŋ ni he hiaa fe fɛɛ lɛ ateŋ ekome lɛ hewɔ.” Ni no ji nɔ ni Kristendom kɛ maŋkwramɔŋ nɔyelɔi lɛ eku amɛhiɛ amɛshwie nɔ fe fɛɛ.—Yohane 18:36.

24. Yɛ Konstantino “tsakemɔ” lɛ hewɔ lɛ, mɛɛ tsakemɔ ba yɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli?

²⁴ Yɛ Konstantino sɛɛfimɔ hewɔ lɛ, Kristendom jamɔ lɛ bafee Roma Maŋ lɛ jamɔ yɛ mla naa. Elaine Pagels, jamɔ he nilelɔ lɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Kristofoi osɔfonukpai, ni be ko lɛ amɔmɔɔ amɛ, afeɔ amɛ niseniianii, ni agbeɔ amɛ lɛ, ye amɛhe kɛjɛ tooyeli he, ni amɛnine shɛ nikeenii anɔ kɛjɛ maŋ lɛ fotro mli, awo amɛhiɛ nyam, ni amɛna mɛi anɔ hewalɛ po yɛ saneyeli hei; amɛsɔlemɔi lɛ bana jwetri, hewalɛ kɛ gbɛihemɔ hee.” Amɛbatsɔmɔ maŋtsɛ lɛ nanemɛi, Roma je lɛ nanemɛi.—Yakobo 4:4.

Konstantino, Amale Tsɔɔmɔ, kɛ Shishijee Tsɔɔmɔ loo Ortodɔks

25. (a) Mɛɛ Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he bei kɛ ŋwanejee tee nɔ yɛ Konstantino be lɛ mli? (b) Mɛɛ shishinumɔ ayɔɔ yɛ wekukpaa ni ka Kristo kɛ e-Tsɛ teŋ lɛ he dani afii ohai ejwɛ lɛ shɛ?

²⁵ Mɛni hewɔ Konstantino “tsakemɔ” lɛ sa kadimɔ waa nakai lɛ? Ejaakɛ akɛ maŋtsɛ lɛ, ena “Kristofoi” asɔlemɔ lɛ ni tsɔɔmɔi egbala amɛmli lɛ asaji anɔ hewalɛ ni mli wa, ni eesumɔ ni ekomefeemɔ aba emaŋtsɛyeli lɛ mli. No mli lɛ ŋwanejee miiya nɔ yɛ osɔfonukpai ni wieɔ Hela lɛ kɛ mɛi ni wieɔ Latin lɛ ateŋ yɛ “wekukpaa ni ka ‘Wiemɔ’ lɛ loo ‘Nyɔŋmɔ’ ‘Bi’ lɛ ni ebatsɔ gbɔmɔ yɛ Yesu mli lɛ, kɛ ‘Nyɔŋmɔ’ diɛŋtsɛ, ni agbɛnɛ atsɛɔ lɛ ‘Tsɛ lɛ’—ni hiɛ ekpa egbɛi, Yahweh, lɛ nɔ kwraa lɛ teŋ lɛ he.” (The Columbia History of the World) Mɛi komɛi miisumɔ jwɛŋmɔ ni Biblia lɛ fiɔ sɛɛ akɛ abɔ Kristo, ni ji Loʹgos lɛ, ni yɛ enɛ hewɔ lɛ ehɔ Tsɛ lɛ shishi lɛ. (Mateo 24:36; Yohane 14:28; 1 Korintobii 15:25-28) Mɔ ni fata mɛnɛɛmɛi ahe ji Arius, osɔfo ko ni yɔɔ Alexandria yɛ Mizraim lɛ. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔ R. P. C. Hanson wie akɛ: “Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikaselɔ ko bɛ Bokagbɛ loo Anaigbɛ Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli ni hi shi dani [afii ohai ejwɛ] Arius Naataomɔ lɛ ba, ni ebuuu Bi lɛ yɛ shishinumɔ ko mli akɛ mɔ ni hɔ Tsɛ lɛ shishi.”—The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God.

26. Beni ajeɔ afii ohai ejwɛ lɛ shishi lɛ, no mli lɛ te Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ yɔɔ tɛŋŋ?

²⁶ Mɛi krokomɛi susu jwɛŋmɔ ni tsɔɔ akɛ Kristo baa shi lɛ he akɛ eji musubɔɔ loo amale tsɔɔmɔ ni amɛkɛ amɛhe yakpɛtɛ Yesu jamɔ he babaoo akɛ “Nyɔŋmɔ ni Etsɔ Gbɔmɔ.” Ni kɛlɛ, Nilelɔ Hanson tsɔɔ akɛ be ni awieɔ he nɛɛ (afii ohai ejwɛ lɛ) “jeee yinɔsane ni akɛmiifã [Triniti] ortodɔks loo shishijee tsɔɔmɔ ni akpɛlɛ nɔ ni ana naa lɛ he yɛ tutuamɔi ni musubɔɔ loo amale tsɔɔmɔ [Arius tsɔɔmɔi] kɛbaa yɛ faŋŋ mli lɛ hewɔ. Ortodɔks loo shishijee tsɔɔmɔ ko bɛ sane ni asusuɔ he kɛjɛ shishijee lɛ mli.” Etee nɔ akɛ: “Afai lɛ fɛɛ he ye akɛ amɛ Ŋmalɛ naa hewalɛ lɛ fiɔ amɛsɛɛ. Eko fɛɛ eko tsɔɔ akɛ mɛi krokomɛi lɛ anɔ̃ lɛ jeee shishijee tsɔɔmɔ, ejeee blema sane, ni ebɛ Ŋmalɛ mli hu.” Jamɔi lɛ amli gbala kwraa yɛ nɛkɛ Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he sane nɛɛ he.—Yohane 20:17.

27. (a) Mɛni Konstantino fee koni ekɛbɔ mɔdɛŋ esaa bei loo naataomɔ ni kɔɔ Yesu su kɛ baŋ he lɛ? (b) Te najiaŋdamɔlɔi ni ba Nikaea Gwabɔɔ lɛ shishi lɛ ayifalɛ yɔɔ ha tɛŋŋ? (d) Ani Nikaea Hemɔkɛyeli Jajemɔ lɛ ha bei ni kɔɔ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ ni baa lɛ he lɛ ba naagbee?

²⁷ Konstantino miitao ekomefeemɔ yɛ enɔyeli he lɛ, ni yɛ afi 325 Ŋ.B. lɛ, etsɛ koni esɔfonukpai lɛ akpe yɛ Nikaea, ni yɔɔ emaŋtsɛyeli lɛ Bokagbɛ, yɛ he ni awieɔ Hela babaoo yɛ, ni tekeɔ Bosporus lɛ kɛjɛ Konstantinopol maŋtiase hee lɛ mli. Akɛɔ akɛ osɔfonukpai aaafee 250 kɛmiishɛ 318 tee kpee lɛ shishi, aaafee amɛyibɔ lɛ fɛɛ mli mɛi fioo ko, ni mɛi ni ba lɛ ateŋ mɛi pii jɛ kpokpaa ni awieɔ Hela wiemɔ babaoo yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ nɔ. Paapa Sylvester I po baaa.d Yɛ naataomɔ ni naa wa babaoo sɛɛ lɛ, nɔ ni jɛ nakai gwabɔɔ ni najiaŋdamɔlɔi faaa yɛ shishi lɛ mli ba ji Nikaea Hemɔkɛyeli Jajemɔ ni ekpalaŋ kɛtee Triniti susumɔ he waa lɛ. Kɛlɛ enyɛɛɛ ekɛ tsɔɔmɔ he ŋwanejee lɛ aba naagbee. Etsɔɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔ mumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ nitsumɔ yɛ Triniti Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he sane lɛ mli. Naataomɔ lɛ tee nɔ afii nyɔŋma-nyɔŋmai abɔ, ni ebi gwabɔɔi babaoo kɛ maŋtsɛmɛi sɔrɔtoi lɛ ahewalɛ kɛ naneshi-tutswaa kɛ nitsumɔ dani yɛ naagbee lɛ nɔkpɛlɛmɔ aba. Eji kunimyeli kɛha Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikasemɔ, kɛ mɛi ni kɛ amɛhe kpɛtɛɔ Ŋmalɛi lɛ ahe lɛ anɔ kunim ni aye.—Romabii 3:3, 4.

28. (a) Mɛni ji nibii komɛi ni ejɛ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli eba? (b) Mɛni hewɔ Biblia mli nɔdaamɔ nɔ ko kwraa bɛ kɛha jamɔ ni akɛhaa Maria akɛ “Nyɔŋmɔ Nyɛ” lɛ?

²⁸ Nɔ kome ni ejɛ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli eba, yɛ afii ohai abɔ lɛ amli ji akɛ, amii anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ kome ni ji Yehowa awo Kristendom Nyɔŋmɔ-Kristo jamɔ he nikasemɔ ni tamɔ ŋmɔtɔ lɛ mli.e Nɔ ni baanyiɛ nakai jamɔ he nikasemɔ lɛ sɛɛ aba yɛ sane-naatsɔɔmɔ ni ja naa ji akɛ, kɛji akɛ Yesu ji Nyɔŋmɔ ni Etsɔ Gbɔmɔ lɛlɛŋ lɛ, belɛ Yesu nyɛ, Maria, baafee “Nyɔŋmɔ Nyɛ” ni ŋwanejee ko bɛ he. Nɔ ni ejɛ enɛ mli eba yɛ afii lɛ amli ji woo babaoo ni akɛhaa Maria yɛ gbɛi sɔrɔtoi anɔ, ni afeɔ enɛ yɛ ŋmalɛi ni bɛ ni wieɔ Maria he akɛ ehe miihia yɛ gbɛ ko nɔ, akɛ ja adesa nyɛ heshibalɔ ni fɔ Yesu ni eji kɛkɛ lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ.f (Luka 1:26-38, 46-56) Roma Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ ha Nyɔŋmɔ-Nyɛ tsɔɔmɔ lɛ shwere yɛ afii ohai abɔ lɛ amli ni akɛ woo babaoo ha enɛ, ni nɔ ni ejɛ mli eba ji akɛ jamɔ ni Katolekbii pii kɛhaa Maria lɛ tekeɔ amɛjamɔ ni amɛkɛhaa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ kwraa.

Kristendom Mligbalamɔi Lɛ

29. Mɛni nii ni baaba Paulo bɔ kɔkɔ yɛ he?

²⁹ Hemɔkɛyeli kwamɔ he nɔ kroko ji akɛ ekɛ kui kɛ mligbalamɔi baa. Bɔfo Paulo egba akɛ: “Mile akɛ kɛ mikpa mihe lɛ, klaji fulɔi baabote nyɛteŋ, ni amɛbaaŋ tooiku lɛ yi; ni nyɛ diɛŋtsɛ nyɛteŋ hu lɛ, hii ni wieɔ nii ni ejaaa aaate shi, ni amɛaakpala kaselɔi lɛ amɛshwie amɛsɛɛ.” Paulo kɛ ŋaawoo ni mli ka shi faŋŋ ha Korintobii lɛ beni ekɛɛ: “Shi anyɛmimɛi, miikpa nyɛ fai yɛ wɔ-Nuŋtsɔ Yesu Kristo gbɛi amli, akɛ nyɛnaabu afee ekome, ni mligbalamɔi akaba nyɛteŋ, shi moŋ nyɛ fɛɛ nyɛyitsoŋ kɛ nyɛjwɛŋmɔ afee ekome.” Yɛ Paulo ŋaawoo lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, etsɛɛɛ ni hemɔkɛyeli kwamɔ kɛ mligbalamɔi he shi.—Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 20:29, 30; 1 Korintobii 1:10.

30. Mɛɛ shihilɛ ko ba yɛ no sɛɛ nɔŋŋ yɛ mra be mli sɔlemɔ lɛ mli?

³⁰ Yɛ bɔfoi lɛ agbele sɛɛ afii nyɔŋmai fioo komɛi pɛ kɛkɛ ni abayoo mligbalamɔi lɛ yɛ Kristofoi lɛ ateŋ. Will Durant jaje akɛ: “Celsus [afii ohai enyɔ lɛ mli Kristojamɔ shitee-kɛ-wolɔ lɛ] diɛŋtsɛ kɛ jɛmɔ ewie akɛ Kristofoi lɛ ‘amli egbala amɛfee kui bibii babaoo, ni amɛteŋ mɔ fɛɛ mɔ miisumɔ ni ena lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ekuu.’ Aaafee afi 187 [Ŋ.B.] lɛ, Irenaeus to Kristojamɔ kui sɔrɔtoi nyɔŋmai enyɔ naa; aaafee afi 384 [Ŋ.B.] lɛ, Epiphanius kane nyɔŋmai kpaanyɔ.”—The Story of Civilization: Part III—Caesar and Christ.

31. Te fee tɛŋŋ ni mligbalamɔ agbo ko ba Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli?

³¹ Konstantino yasumɔ emaŋtsɛyeli lɛŋ Bokagbɛ, Helabii lɛ ejaakɛ eha ama maŋtiase hee ko ni da yɛ he ni ŋmɛnɛ eji Turkey lɛ. Ewo maŋ lɛ gbɛi akɛ Konstantinopol (ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ Instanbul). Nɔ ni jɛ mli ba ji akɛ, Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ batsɔ afai enyɔ ni teɔ shi woɔ amɛhe yɛ afii ohai abɔ lɛ fɛɛ mli, ni wiemɔ kɛ he ni shikpɔji lɛ yɔɔ egbala amɛmli—Roma ni wieɔ Latin lɛ yɛ Anaigbɛ kɛ Konstantinopol ni wieɔ Hela lɛ yɛ Bokagbɛ.

32, 33. (a) Mɛɛ nibii krokomɛi hu kɛ mligbalamɔi ba Kristendom? (b) Mɛni Biblia lɛ kɛɔ yɛ amagai ni akɛtsuɔ nii yɛ jamɔ mli lɛ he?

³² Ŋwanejeei ni kɛ mligbalamɔi baa ni kɔɔ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ ni jeɔ kpo kpaako lɛ he lɛ he saji tee nɔ ekɛ hoofeemɔ ba Kristendom. Afee kpee kroko yɛ 451 Ŋ.B. yɛ Chalcedon koni akɛtsɔɔ “bɔ ni abɔ” Kristo “aha” kɛ esui amli. Yɛ be mli ni Anaigbɛ kpɛlɛ hemɔkɛyeli-jajemɔ ni kpee nɛɛ kɛha lɛ nɔ lɛ, Bokagbɛ sɔlemɔi lɛ ekpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ, ni nɔ ni jɛ mli ba ji Koptik Sɔlemɔ ni ato shishi yɛ Mizraim kɛ Abyssinia kɛ “Jacobite” sɔlemɔi lɛ yɛ Siria kɛ Armenia. Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ mli saji ni amɛshishinumɔ wawai, titri lɛ nɔ ni kɔɔ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ mlitsɔɔmɔ he lɛ miiwo ekomefeemɔ ni yɔɔ Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli lɛ he gbeyei yɛ be fɛɛ mli.

³³ Nɔ kroko ni ha mligbalamɔ ba ji jamɔ ni akɛhaa amagai lɛ. Bokagbɛ osɔfonukpai lɛ tse atua amɛshi nɛkɛ amaga jamɔ nɛɛ, yɛ afii ohai kpaanyɔ lɛ mli, ni amɛbote nɔ ni atsɛɔ lɛ amɛ amagai ahiɛkpatamɔ be lɛ mli. Beni be shwieɔ mli lɛ, amɛku sɛɛ amɛtee amagai nɛɛ kɛ nitsumɔ he ekoŋŋ.—2 Mose 20:4-6; Yesaia 44:14-18.

34. (a) Mɛni kɛ mligbalamɔ agbo ko ba Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli? (b) Mɛni jɛ nɛkɛ mligbalamɔ nɛɛ mli ba?

³⁴ Kaa wulu kroko ba yɛ be mli ni Anaigbɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ Latin wiemɔ filioque (“kɛ agbɛnɛ kɛjɛ Bi lɛ ŋɔɔ”) fata Nikaea Hemɔkɛyeli Jajemɔ lɛ he koni akɛtsɔɔ akɛ Mumɔ Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ ba kɛjɛ Tsɛ lɛ kɛ Bi lɛ fɛɛ ŋɔɔ lɛ. Nɔ ni jɛ nɛkɛ afii ohai ekpaa tɔmɔi asaamɔ nɛɛ mli ba yɛ naagbee ji mligbalamɔ kɛ bei yɛ be mli ni “yɛ afi 876 lɛ osɔfonukpai agwabɔɔ yɛ Konstantinopol lɛ wie shi paapa lɛ yɛ maŋkwramɔŋ saji ni ekɛ ehe woɔ mli kɛ bɔ ni ejajeee filioque musubɔɔ wiemɔ lɛ hu hewɔ lɛ. Nifeemɔ nɛɛ ji kpoomɔ ni Bokagbɛ bii kpooɔ kɛɛmɔ ni paapa lɛ kɛɔ akɛ lɛ eyeɔ Sɔlemɔ lɛ nɔ yɛ jeŋ muu fɛɛ lɛ kwraa lɛ fa.” (Man’s Religions) Yɛ afi 1054 mli lɛ, paapa lɛ najiaŋdamɔlɔ lɛ shwie Konstantinopol osɔfonukpa lɛ kɛjɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli, ni lɛ hu elomɔ paapa lɛ. Nɔ ni jɛ nakai mligbalamɔ lɛ mli ba yɛ naagbee ji Bokagbɛ Ortodɔks Sɔlemɔi ni ato—Hela, Russia, Romania, Polish, Bulgaria, Serbian, kɛ sɔlemɔi krokomɛi ni yeɔ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛhe nɔ.

35. Namɛi ji Waldensebii lɛ, ni amɛhemɔkɛyeli lɛ yɛ sɔrɔto yɛ Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ nɔ̃ he yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?

³⁵ Kuu kroko hu miije shishi ni ekɛ hoofeemɔ aba sɔlemɔ lɛ mli. Yɛ afii ohai 12 lɛ mli lɛ, Peter Waldo, ni jɛ Lyons, yɛ France lɛ “bua woloŋlelɔi komɛi anaa ní amɛtsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛya langue d’oc [ni ji kpokpaa nɔ wiemɔ ko] ni awieɔ yɛ France wuoyigbɛ lɛ mli. Ekɛ ekãa kase shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ jogbaŋŋ, ni emu sane naa akɛ esa akɛ Kristofoi ahi shi tamɔ bɔfoi lɛ—ni amɛbɛ amɛheloo naa nibii aŋkroaŋkroi.” (The Age of Faith, ni Will Durant ŋma lɛ) Eje shiɛmɔ kuu ko ni abale amɛ akɛ Waldenses lɛ shishi. Amɛkpoo Katolek osɔfoyeli lɛ, esha he toigbalamɔ ni akɛkeɔ mɔ, hetsuumɔ he, Nuŋtsɔ niyenii ni tsɔɔ heloo kɛ la diɛŋtsɛ lɛ, kɛ blema Katolek nifeemɔi kɛ hemɔkɛyelii komɛi. Amɛgbɛ kɛshwa maji krokomɛi anɔ. Toulouse Gwabɔɔ lɛ bɔ mɔdɛŋ ni amɛtsi amɛnaa yɛ afi 1229 kɛtsɔ gu ni agu Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli woji ni mɔ ko aaahiɛ lɛ nɔ. Sɔlemɔ lɛ jamɔ nifeemɔi ahe woji pɛ aŋmɛɔ gbɛ, ni agbɛnɛ yɛ Latin wiemɔ ni egbo loo awieee dɔŋŋ lɛ pɛ mli. Shi kɛlɛ jamɔ mligbalamɔi kɛ yiwaa babaoo yɛ lolo ni baaba.

Albigensebii lɛ Ayiwaa

36, 37. (a) Namɛi ji Albigensebii lɛ, ni mɛni amɛheɔ amɛyeɔ? (b) Anyɛ Albigensebii lɛ anɔ yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?

³⁶ Ni kɛlɛ kuu kroko hu te shi yɛ afii ohai 12 lɛ mli yɛ France wuoyigbɛ—Albigensebii (ale amɛ hu akɛ Kathari), ni akɛ maŋ ni ji Albi, ni amɛyɔɔ sɛɛnyiɛlɔi babaoo yɛ jɛmɛ lɛ gbɛi wo amɛ lɛ. Amɛyɛ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛ osɔfoi akuu ni kɛɛ amɛboteee gbalashihilɛ mli, ni kpaa gbɛ ákɛ akɛ woo aaaŋa amɛ. Amɛhe amɛye akɛ Yesu wie yɛ abɛbuai amli yɛ enaagbee gbɛkɛnaashi niyenii lɛ shishi beni ewie yɛ aboloo lɛ he akɛ, “Enɛ ji migbɔmɔtso lɛ.” (Mateo 26:26, NAB) Amɛkpoo Triniti, Obalayoo Fro Fɔmɔ, hɛl-la, kɛ hetsuumɔ he tsɔɔmɔi lɛ. No hewɔ lɛ amɛkɛ ekaa ha yiŋkɔshikɔshi-feemɔ ba Roma tsɔɔmɔi lɛ ahe waa. Paapa Innocent III kɛ famɔi ha akɛ awa Albigensebii lɛ ayi. Ekɛɛ, “Kɛ ebaahi lɛ, nyɛkɛ klante abaa amɛ shi.”

³⁷ Afa ta krɔŋkrɔŋ ashi musubɔlɔi loo “jamɔŋ atuatselɔi” lɛ, ni Katolek asraafoi ni wuuɔ ta krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ gbe hii, yei kɛ gbekɛbii 20,000 yɛ Béziers, France. Yɛ be mli ni afɔse la babaoo ashwie shi sɛɛ lɛ, toiŋjɔlɛ ba yɛ 1229, ni aye Albigensebii lɛ anɔ kunim. Narbonne Gwabɔɔ lɛ “gu Biblia lɛ fa ko ni gbɔmɛi foji aaahiɛ.” Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ naagba lɛ shishifa ji Biblia lɛ ni yɔɔ gbɔmɛi lɛ awiemɔ mli lɛ.

38. Mɛni ji Yiwalɛ Niseniianifeemɔ lɛ, ni akɛtsu nii yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?

³⁸ Nii ni nyiɛ sɛɛ ni sɔlemɔ lɛ fee ji Yiwalɛ Niseniianifeemɔ ni ato ama shi, saneyeli he ko ni ato ama shi koni akɛba jamɔŋ atuatsemɔ shi. Su loo mumɔ ni tsɔɔ mɛi ahe tsui ni abɛ yɛ gbɔmɛi ni hiɛ apasa hemɔkɛyeli lɛ amli momo, ni amɛfee klalo yɛ be fɛɛ mli akɛ amɛbaayi “jamɔŋ atuatselɔi lɛ” kwasafo yii ni amɛgbe amɛ. Shihilɛi ni yɔɔ afii ohai 13 lɛ amli lɛ ha sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ hewalɛ tsu nii yɛ gbɛ fɔŋ nɔ. Kɛlɛ “akɛ jamɔŋ atuatselɔi ni sɔlemɔ lɛ buɔ amɛ fɔ lɛ haa ‘je lɛŋ nɔyelɔi lɛ’—maŋ nɔkwɛlɔi lɛ—ni ashãa amɛ kɛboteɔ gbele mli.” (The Age of Faith) Akɛni amɛshi gbɔmɛi lɛ agbee lɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛwo nɔyelɔi lɛ adɛŋ hewɔ lɛ, sɔlemɔ lɛ baaye ehe kɛjɛ la yi sɔ̃ ni amɛaaye lɛ he. Yiwalɛ Niseniianifeemɔ lɛ je jamɔ mli yiwaa be kpalaŋŋ ko ni kɛ nibii ni ejaaa, apasa wiemɔi ni akɛshiɔ mɛi ni atsɔɔɔ amɛgbɛi, gbɔmɔgbee, ojotswaa, niseniianifeemɔ, kɛ gbɔmɛi akpei abɔ ni heɔ nibii ni sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛkpaaa gbee amɛyeɔ lɛ, ni atsɔ gbɛ ni yɔɔ blɛoo nɔ agbe amɛ lɛ shishi. Atsi jamɔ he wiemɔ yɛ heyeli mli lɛ naa. Ani hiɛnɔkamɔ ko yɛ kɛha gbɔmɛi ni taoɔ anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ? Yitso 13 baaha enɛ hetoo.

39. Mɛɛ jamɔ kuu ko je shishi yɛ afii ohai kpawo lɛ mli, ni yɛ mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ?

³⁹ Beni enɛɛmɛi fɛɛ yaa nɔ yɛ Kristendom lɛ, Arabianyo ko ni yɔɔ Boka Teŋgbɛ te shi ewo jamɔ mli shikpilikpii-feemɔ kɛ wɔŋjamɔ ni emaŋbii kɛ amɛhe ewo mli lɛ. Eje jamɔ kuu ko shishi yɛ afii ohai kpawo lɛ mli ni ŋmɛnɛ gbɔmɛi ni miihe ashɛ akpekpei akpe feɔ toiboo ni amɛbaa amɛhe shi amɛhaa jamɔ nɛɛ. Nakai kuu lɛ ji Islām. Wɔ yitso ni nyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ baasusu egbalɔ kɛ etolɔ lɛ he yinɔsane he ni ebaatsɔɔ etsɔɔmɔi lɛ kɛ he ni amɛjɛ lɛ ekomɛi amli.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 262]

Klɛŋklɛŋ Kristofoi kɛ Wɔŋjamɔ Roma

“Beni Kristofoi akuu lɛ pue yɛ Roma Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ mli lɛ, etswa wɔŋjalɔi lɛ hu mpoa, koni amɛtsake amɛsubaŋi kɛ amɛjeŋba. Wɔŋjalɔi pii ni atsɔse amɛ koni amɛbu gbalashihilɛ akɛ kwasafoŋ kɛ shika-helɛtemɔ mli gbɛjianɔtoo ni he hiaa pɛ, wekukpaa ni haa hii kɛ hii feɔ yakayakanii akɛ hii atsɔsemɔ mli nɔ ko ni akpaa gbɛ, ajwamaŋbɔɔ, hii kɛ yei fɛɛ, akɛ nɔ ko ni afeɔ ni mla ŋmɛɔ gbɛ, kɛ gbalamlitsemɔ, musufitemɔ, fɔmɔ-naatsii, kɛ fufɔobii ni asumɔɔɔ amɛ ni aŋmɛɛɔ amɛhe [ahaa gbele] akɛ saji ni akpɛlɛɔ nɔ akɛ ehi yɛ amɛhiɛ lɛ, kpɛlɛ Kristofoi ashɛɛ sane lɛ ni teɔ shi ewoɔ nifeemɔi nɛɛ lɛ nɔ ni enɛ fee amɛwekumɛi lɛ naakpɛɛ diɛŋtsɛ.”—Adam, Eve, and the Serpent, ni Elaine Pagels ŋma.

[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 266]

Kristojamɔ kɛ Kristendom

Porphyry, afii ohai etɛ lɛ mli jeŋ nilelɔ ni jɛ Tiro kɛ Kristojamɔ shitee-kɛ-wolɔ lɛ, bi sane nɛɛ “kɛji Yesu sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ ji mɛi ni kɛ Kristofoi ajamɔ ni esoro lɛ kwraa lɛ ba aloo Yesu diɛŋtsɛ. Porphyry (kɛ Julian [afii ohai ejwɛ lɛ mli Roma nɔyelɔ ni teɔ shi woɔ Kristojamɔ lɛ]) damɔ Kpaŋmɔ Hee lɛ nɔ etsɔɔ akɛ, Yesu tsɛɛɛ ehe Nyɔŋmɔ, ni akɛ eshiɛɛɛ yɛ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ehe, shi eshiɛ yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ kome, mɛi fɛɛ a-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ he. Esɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ ji mɛi ni kpoo etsɔɔmɔi lɛ ni amɛkɛ amɛ diɛŋtsɛ amɛgbɛ hee ni Yesu ji mɔ ni ajaa ni akɛ woo haa (shi jeee Nyɔŋmɔ kome lɛ) ba. . . . [Porphyry] kɛ ewao tsɔɔ sane ko ni gbaa mɛi ni susuɔ Kristofoi asaji ahe lɛ naa lɛ: ani Kristofoi ahemɔkɛyeli lɛ damɔ Yesu shiɛmɔ lɛ nɔ aloo edamɔ susumɔi loo tsɔɔmɔi ni ekaselɔi ni hi shi yɛ yinɔi ni ba yɛ egbele sɛɛ lɛ amli lɛ kɛba lɛ nɔ?”—The Christians as the Romans Saw Them.

[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 268]

Petro kɛ Paapa Hegbɛ Lɛ

Yesu kɛɛ bɔfo Petro yɛ Mateo 16:18 akɛ: “Ni miikɛɛo, bo ji Petro [Hela, Peʹtros], ni nɛkɛ tɛsaa [Hela, peʹtra] nɛɛ nɔ matswa misɔlemɔ lɛ mama, ni gbele hewalɛi nyɛŋ enɔ kunim aye.” (RS) Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ damɔɔ enɛ nɔ ekɛɔ akɛ Yesu tswa esɔlemɔ lɛ ema Petro, ni amɛkɛɛ lɛ ji klɛŋklɛŋ mɔ yɛ Roma osɔfonukpai, kɛ Petro sɛɛyelɔi anɔtsaramɔ ni mli efooo lɛ nɔ.

Namɔ ji tɛsaa ni Yesu tsɔɔ yɛ Mateo 16:18 lɛ, Petro loo Yesu? Emli sane lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ nɔ ni awieɔ he lɛ ji yoomɔ ni aaayoo Yesu akɛ “Kristo lɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ hiɛkalɔ lɛ Bi lɛ,” taakɛ Petro diɛŋtsɛ jaje lɛ. (Mateo 16:16, RS) Belɛ, yɛ sane naatsɔɔmɔ ni ja naa lɛ, Yesu diɛŋtsɛ baafee nakai sɔlemɔ lɛ shishitoo tɛsaa ni yɔɔ shiŋŋ lɛ, jeee Petro, ni sɛɛ mli lɛ ebaakpoo Kristo shii etɛ lɛ.—Mateo 26:33-35, 69-75.

Te wɔfeɔ tɛŋŋ wɔleɔ akɛ Kristo ji shishitoo tɛ lɛ? Kɛtsɔ Petro diɛŋtsɛ odaseyeli nɔ, beni eŋma akɛ: “Lɛ eŋɔɔ nyɛbaa akɛ tɛ ni hiɛ ka, ni gbɔmɛi ekwa lɛ moŋ, shi Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ, lɛ ehala lɛ ni ejara wa yɛ ehiɛ . . . No hewɔ hu ni eyɔɔ Ŋmalɛ lɛ mli akɛ: ‘Naa, mikɛ koŋtɛ miiŋmɛ shi yɛ Zion, tɛ ni ahala ni ejara wa, ni mɔ ni heɔ enɔ yeɔ lɛ hiɛ gboŋ kwraa.’” Paulo hu jaje akɛ: “Ni atswa nyɛ ama bɔfoi lɛ kɛ gbalɔi lɛ ashishitoo lɛ, ni ekoŋtɛ ji Yesu Kristo lɛ nɔ.”—1 Petro 2:4-8; Efesobii 2:20.

Odaseyeli ko bɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ loo yinɔsane mli ni tsɔɔ akɛ abu Petro akɛ lɛ ji mɔ ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ yɛ etipɛŋfoi lɛ ateŋ. Etsiii enɛ ta yɛ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ewoji lɛ amli, ni Sanekpakpai krokomɛi etɛ—ni Marko nɔ lɛ fata he (ni eka shi faŋŋ akɛ Petro ji mɔ ni gba Marko)—lɛ etsiii sane ni Yesu kɛɛ Petro nɛɛ ta po.—Luka 22:24-26; Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 15:6-22; Galatabii 2:11-14.

Odaseyeli ko ni ma shi shiŋŋ po bɛ ni tsɔɔ akɛ Petro ehi Roma pɛŋ. (1 Petro 5:13) Beni Paulo yasara Yerusalem lɛ, “Yakobo kɛ Kefa [Petro] kɛ Yohane ni abuɔ amɛ akɛ akulashiŋi lɛ” fi esɛɛ. No hewɔ lɛ, yɛ nakai beaŋ lɛ, kɛ hoo lɛ Petro ji akulashiŋi etɛ ni yɔɔ asafo lɛ mli lɛ ateŋ mɔ kome. Ejeee “paapa” ko, ni asaŋ aleee lɛ nakai aloo akɛ “osɔfonukpa” ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ yɛ Yerusalem.—Galatabii 2:7-9; Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 28:16, 30, 31.

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 264]

Kristendom Triniti Teemɔŋ Sane Koji Etɛ Lɛ

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 269]

Vatikan (ni afee efalaŋaa yɛ shishi lɛ) tsuɔ bɔfoi kɛyaa je lɛŋ nɔyelii aŋɔɔ

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 275]

Nikaea Gwabɔɔ lɛ to nɔ ni yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ ebaafee Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ shishi

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 277]

Maria kɛ ebi jamɔ lɛ, teŋgbɛ, tsɔɔ blema wɔŋjamɔ nyɔŋmɔyei ajamɔ lɛ—abɛkugbɛ, Mizraim Isis kɛ Horus; ninejurɔgbɛ, Roma Mater Matuta

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 278]

Bokagbɛ Ortodɔks Sɔlemɔi—Sveti Nikolaj, Sofia, Bulgaria, kɛ shishigbɛ, St. Vladimir, New Jersey, U.S.A.

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 281]

Abua “Kristofoi” ta krɔŋkrɔŋ he asraafoi anaa, jeee ni amɛhe Yerusalem kɛjɛ Islām dɛŋ kɛkɛ shi ni amɛgbe “jamɔŋ atuatselɔi” hu, tamɔ Waldensebii kɛ kɛ Albigensebii lɛ

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 283]

Tomás de Torquemada, Dominikan osɔfo, nyiɛ Spania Yiwalɛ Niseniianifeemɔ lɛ hiɛ, ni akɛ dadei ni akɛpiiɔ mɛi tsu nii koni aha amɛjaje amɛtɔmɔi