Mra Be Mli Kristojamɔ kɛ Maŋ Lɛ
BENI eshwɛ ŋmɛlɛtswai fioo ko dani Yesu baagbo lɛ, ekɛɛ ekaselɔi lɛ akɛ: “Akɛni nyɛjɛɛɛ je lɛŋ, shi mi moŋ mihala nyɛ kɛjɛ je lɛŋ lɛ, no hewɔ je lɛ nyɛɔ nyɛ lɛ.” (Yohane 15:19) Shi, ani enɛ tsɔɔ akɛ belɛ Kristofoi baaná nyɛɛ su amɛha je nɛŋ nɔyelɔi lɛ?
Amɛjɛɛɛ Je lɛ Mli, Shi Amɛnyɛɛɛ lɛ Hu
Bɔfo Paulo kɛɛ Kristofoi ni yɔɔ Roma lɛ akɛ: “Mɔ fɛɛ mɔ aba ehe shi aha hegbɛi ni yeɔ nɔ lɛ.” (Romabii 13:1) Nakai nɔŋŋ, bɔfo Petro hu ŋma akɛ: “No hewɔ lɛ nyɛbaa nyɛhe shi nyɛhaa gbɔmɛi agbɛjianɔtoo fɛɛ gbɛjianɔtoo, yɛ Nuntsɔ lɛ hewɔ, maŋtsɛ mɔ ni yeɔ nɔ lɛ jio, lumɛi ni etsu yɛ efɔŋ feelɔi aweletɔɔ hewɔ kɛ ekpakpa feelɔi ayijiemɔ hewɔ lɛ jio.” (1 Petro 2:13, 14) Eyɛ faŋŋ akɛ heshibaa kɛha Maŋ lɛ kɛ enajiaŋdamɔlɔi ni sa ni ehala amɛ lɛ ji shishitoo mla ni akpɛlɛɔ nɔ yɛ mra be mli Kristofoi ateŋ. Amɛbɔ mɔdɛŋ akɛ amɛaafee maŋbii ni yeɔ mla nɔ, ni amɛkɛ mɛi fɛɛ ahi shi yɛ toiŋjɔlɛ mli.—Romabii 12:18.
The Encyclopedia of Religion wolo lɛ wie faŋŋ yɛ saneyitso ni ji “Sɔlemɔ kɛ Maŋ” lɛ shishi akɛ: “Yɛ ŊB klɛŋklɛŋ afii ohai etɛ lɛ mli lɛ, Kristofoi asɔlemɔ lɛ tsi ehe kɛjɛ Romabii
ashihilɛ ni ale lɛ he kwraa . . . Shi kɛlɛ, Kristojamɔ mli hiɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ . . . tsɔɔ toiboo ni aaafee aha Roma mla kɛ anɔkwayeli kɛha maŋtsɛ lɛ, yɛ husui ni Kristofoi ahemɔkɛyeli lɛ kɛha amɛ lɛ amli.”
Woo, Jeee Jamɔ
Kristofoi enyɛɛɛ Roma maŋtsɛ wulu lɛ. Amɛkɛ bulɛ ha nɔyeli hegbɛ ni eyɔɔ lɛ ni amɛkɛ woo ni sa egbɛhe lɛ hu ha lɛ. Maŋtsɛ Nero nɔyeli beaŋ lɛ, bɔfo Petro ŋma wolo eyaha Kristofoi ni yɔɔ hei sɔrɔtoi yɛ Roma Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ shishi lɛ akɛ: “Nyɛwoa mɛi fɛɛ; . . . nyɛwoa maŋtsɛ.” (1 Petro 2:17) Akɛ wiemɔ “maŋtsɛ” lɛ tsu nii yɛ mɛi ni wieɔ Hela wiemɔ lɛ ateŋ, jeee kɛha amɛmaji lɛ anɔ maŋtsɛmɛi lɛ kɛkɛ, shi moŋ kɛha Roma maŋtsɛ wulu lɛ hu. Bɔfo Paulo wo Kristofoi ni yɔɔ Roma Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ maŋtiase lɛ mli lɛ ŋaa akɛ: “No hewɔ lɛ, bɔ ni ji mɔ fɛɛ mɔ gbɛnaa lɛ, nyɛfea nyɛhaa lɛ, . . . mɔ nɔ ni ji woo lɛ, woo.” (Romabii 13:7) Eka shi faŋŋ diɛŋtsɛ akɛ Roma maŋtsɛ wulu lɛ sa woo. Yɛ be ko sɛɛ lɛ, ebi ni akɛ jamɔ po aha lɛ. Shi, biɛ ji he ni mra be mli Kristofoi lɛ tsɔɔ husu ni amɛtekeŋ kɔkɔɔkɔ lɛ yɛ.
Beni akojoɔ lɛ yɛ Roma amralo lɛ hiɛ yɛ Ŋ.B. afii ohai enyɔ lɛ mli lɛ, abɔ amaniɛ akɛ Polycarp wie faŋŋ akɛ: “Kristofonyo ji mi. . . . Atsɔɔ wɔ akɛ wɔkɛ woo fɛɛ ni sa . . . hewalɛi kɛ hegbɛi ni yeɔ nɔ, ni Nyɔŋmɔ eto akɛ amɛhi shi lɛ aha amɛ.” Shi kɛlɛ, Polycarp hala akɛ ebaagbo, moŋ fe ni ebaaja maŋtsɛ wulu lɛ. Afii ohai enyɔ lɛ mli hemɔkɛyeli hefãlɔ Theophilus ni jɛ Antiokia lɛ ŋma akɛ: “Mawo maŋtsɛ wulu lɛ hiɛ nyam moŋ, shi yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, jeee ni maja lɛ, shi masɔle yɛ ehe. Shi Nyɔŋmɔ, mɔ ni ji anɔkwa Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ hiɛkalɔ lɛ mijaa.”
Sɔlemɔi ni sa ni asɔleɔ yɛ maŋtsɛ wulu lɛ he lɛ kɛ maŋtsɛ jamɔ loo maŋhedɔɔ bɛ tsakpaa ko yɛ gbɛ ko kwraa nɔ. Bɔfo Paulo tsɔɔ yiŋtoo ni yɔɔ sɔlemɔi nɛɛ asɛɛ lɛ mli akɛ: “Agbɛnɛ nɔ klɛŋklɛŋ ni miwoɔ he ŋaa ji akɛ, ahiɛ faikpamɔi, sɔlemɔi, mlidaamɔi, shidaai amli, aha gbɔmɛi fɛɛ, aha maŋtsɛmɛi kɛ mɛi fɛɛ ni yeɔ onukpai lɛ, koni wɔhi shi kpoo yɛ hejɔlɛ mli, yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ [hetuu-kɛhamɔ] kɛ jeŋba ni hiɛ sɔɔ fɛɛ mli.”—1 Timoteo 2:1, 2.
“Ehiii Shi Tamɔ Bɔ ni Mɛi Krokomɛi Fɛɛ Yɔɔ Lɛ”
Nɛkɛ jeŋba ni tsɔɔ bulɛ, ni anaa yɛ mra be mli Kristofoi lɛ ahe nɛɛ haaa amɛtsɔmɔ jeŋ ni amɛhi mli lɛ naanyo. Frenchnyo yinɔsane ŋmalɔ A. Hamman gbaa wɔ akɛ mra be mli Kristofoi “ehiii shi tamɔ bɔ ni mɛi krokomɛi fɛɛ yɔɔ lɛ.” Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, amɛhiii shi tamɔ bɔ ni adesai akui sɔrɔtoi enyɔ, ni ji Yudafoi kɛ Romabii lɛ yɔɔ lɛ, ni enɛ ha amɛkɛ jwɛŋmɔ fɔŋ ni kui enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ ná yɛ amɛhe, kɛ bɔ ni amɛnuuu amɛ shishi hu lɛ kpe.
Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, beni Yudafoi ahiɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ kɛ amale naafolɔmɔi shwie enɔ lɛ, bɔfo Paulo kɛɛ yɛ wiemɔ ni ekɛfã ehe yɛ Roma amralo lɛ hiɛ lɛ mli akɛ: “Mitɔ̃ko Yudafoi [a-Mla] ko lɛ, asaŋ mitɔ̃ko sɔlemɔ we lɛ loo Kaisare nɔ. . . . Mikɛ misane lɛ miiha Kaisare yeli!” (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 25:8, 11) Akɛni ele akɛ Yudafoi lɛ miito ŋaa ni amɛgbe lɛ hewɔ lɛ, Paulo kɛ esane lɛ ha Nero yeli, ni ekɛ nakai feemɔ tsɔɔ kpɛlɛmɔ ni ekpɛlɛɔ Roma maŋtsɛ wulu lɛ hegbɛ lɛ nɔ. Yɛ no sɛɛ lɛ, beni akojo lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ yɛ Roma lɛ, etamɔ nɔ ni aŋmɛɛ Paulo he kwraa. Shi ayawo lɛ tsuŋ ekoŋŋ yɛ sɛɛ mli, ni taakɛ afɔɔ kɛɛmɔ lɛ, agbe lɛ yɛ Nero famɔi anaa.
Adesai ashihilɛ kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he nilelɔ Ernst Troeltsch ŋma yɛ jaramɔ shihilɛ ni mra be mli Kristofoi lɛ hi mli yɛ Romabii aje lɛ mli lɛ he akɛ: “Ajie gbɛhei kɛ nitsumɔi fɛɛ ni kɛ wɔŋjamɔ, loo Maŋtsɛ lɛ jamɔ yɔɔ tsakpaa ko, aloo nɔ ni kɛ lá shishwiemɔ loo gbɔmɛi ni ajeɔ gbɛ agbeɔ amɛ akɛ amɛtoigbalamɔ lɛ yɔɔ nɔ ko feemɔ, loo nɔ ni baaha Kristofoi kɛ amɛhe awo wɔŋjalɔi ajeŋba shara nifeemɔi amli lɛ fɛɛ kɛjɛ mli kwraa.” Ani nɛkɛ shidaamɔ nɛɛ shiii gbɛ ko kwraa kɛha toiŋjɔlɛ shihilɛ kɛ wekukpaa ni tsɔɔ bulɛ ni aaahi Kristofoi kɛ Maŋ lɛ teŋ?
Kaisare “Gbɛnaa” ni Akɛaaha Lɛ
Yesu kɛ shishijee gbɛtsɔɔmɔ ko ni baakudɔ Kristofoi ajeŋba ni amɛjieɔ lɛ kpo amɛtsɔɔ Roma Maŋ lɛ loo, kɛ wɔɔkɛɛ lɛ, nɔyeli fɛɛ nɔyeli kroko lɛ hã, beni ejaje akɛ: “Nyɛŋɔa Kaisare nii nyɛhaa Kaisare, ni Nyɔŋmɔ nii lɛ nyɛŋɔhaa Nyɔŋmɔ!” (Mateo 22:21) Nɛkɛ ŋaawoo ni Yesu kɛha esɛɛnyiɛlɔi nɛɛ yɛ sɔrɔto kwraa yɛ Yudafoi lɛ ateŋ mɛi pii ni sumɔɔ maŋhedɔɔ, ni amɛteɔ shi amɛwoɔ amɛnɔ ni Romabii yeɔ, ni amɛwie amɛshi ja ni eja yɛ mla naa akɛ amɛwo too amɛha maŋsɛɛ nɔyeli hewalɛ hu lɛ asubaŋ he.
Sɛɛ mli lɛ, Paulo kɛɛ Kristofoi ni yɔɔ Roma lɛ akɛ: “No hewɔ lɛ sa akɛ abaa he shi, jeee yɛ mlifu lɛ kɛkɛ hewɔ, shi moŋ henilee hewɔ hu. Enɛ hewɔ ni nyɛtsuɔ onia hu lɛ; ejaakɛ Nyɔŋmɔ tsuji ji amɛ [nɔyeli “hegbɛi ni yeɔ nɔ lɛ”], ni nɛkɛ sɔɔmɔ nɛɛ nɔŋŋ he amɛyɔɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, bɔ ni ji mɔ fɛɛ mɔ gbɛnaa lɛ, nyɛfea nyɛhaa lɛ: Mɔ gbɛfaŋ ni ji onia lɛ, nyɛtsua onia; mɔ nɔ̃ ni ji too lɛ, too.” (Romabii 13:5-7) Eyɛ mli akɛ Kristofoi jeee je lɛ fã moŋ, shi eji sɔ̃ ni kã amɛnɔ akɛ amɛfee maŋbii anɔkwafoi, ni woɔ too, ni amɛwoɔ Maŋ lɛ nyɔmɔ yɛ sɔɔmɔi ni ekɛhaa amɛ lɛ he.—Yohane 17:16.
Shi ani Yesu wiemɔi lɛ kɔɔ too woo pɛ he? Akɛni Yesu etsɔɔɔ nɔ ni ji Kaisare nɔ̃ kɛ nɔ ni ji Nyɔŋmɔ hu nɔ̃ faŋŋ hewɔ lɛ, shihilɛi komɛi yɛ ni bɛ faŋŋ, ni esa akɛ akpɛ yiŋ yɛ he yɛ bɔ ni sane lɛ ji lɛ naa, aloo yɛ bɔ ni wɔnuɔ Biblia muu lɛ fɛɛ shishi wɔhaa lɛ naa. Yɛ wiemɔ kroko mli lɛ, bei komɛi lɛ, Kristofonyo henilee baa yiŋ ni aaakpɛ yɛ nibii ni Kristofonyo baanyɛ ekɛha Kaisare lɛ mli, yɛ bɔ ni Biblia shishitoo mlai etsɔse lɛ eha lɛ naa.
Pɛpɛɛpɛ-Ŋmɛɛ ni Sa ni Aaakã Taomɔ Nii Enyɔ ni Teɔ Shi Woɔ Amɛhe Teŋ
Efɔɔ kaa akɛ mɛi pii ahiɛ kpaa nɔ akɛ beni ejaje akɛ aku sɛɛ akɛ Kaisare nii aha lɛ lɛ, Yesu kɛfata he akɛ: “Ni Nyɔŋmɔ nii lɛ nyɛŋɔhaa Nyɔŋmɔ.” Bɔfo Petro tsɔɔ amɛteŋ klɛŋklɛŋ nɔ ni he hiaa Kristofoi fe fɛɛ. Beni ewo ŋaa akɛ aba he shi aha “maŋtsɛ,” loo maŋtsɛ wulu, kɛ ‘elumɛi’ lɛ sɛɛ nɔŋŋ lɛ, Petro ŋma akɛ: “[Nyɛfea] tamɔ odehei, shi jeee mɛi ni ŋɔɔ odeheyeli nɛɛ amɛfeɔ efɔŋ nɔhaa nɔ̃, shi tamɔ Nyɔŋmɔ tsuji. Nyɛwoa mɛi fɛɛ; nyɛsumɔa nyɛnyɛmimɛi; nyɛshea Nyɔŋmɔ gbeyei; nyɛwoa maŋtsɛ.” (1 Petro 2:16, 17) Bɔfo lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ Kristofoi lɛ, Nyɔŋmɔ tsuji ji amɛ, shi jeee adesa nɔyelɔ ko tsuji. Eyɛ mli akɛ esa akɛ amɛjie woo kɛ bulɛ kpakpa kpo amɛha Maŋ lɛ najiaŋdamɔlɔi moŋ, shi esa akɛ amɛfee nakai yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ, mɔ ni mlai anɔ kwɔlɔ fe fɛɛ lɛ gbeyeishemɔ mli.
Petro hã bɔ ni Nyɔŋmɔ mla nɔ kwɔ ni ehe hiaa hu fe gbɔmɔ nɔ̃ lɛ fee faŋŋ yɛ afii komɛi ni tsɔ̃ hiɛ lɛ mli. Yudafoi a-Sanhedrin lɛ ji maŋ kudɔmɔ kuu ko ni Romabii lɛ eha amɛ hegbɛ akɛ amɛkɛ maŋ nɔyeli kɛ jamɔ mli hegbɛi fɛɛ atsu nii. Beni efã Yesu sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ akɛ amɛkpa nitsɔɔmɔ yɛ Kristo gbɛi amli lɛ, Petro kɛ bɔfoi krokomɛi lɛ kɛ bulɛ ni shiŋŋfeemɔ yɔɔ mli to he hã amɛ akɛ: “Esa akɛ aboɔ Nyɔŋmɔ moŋ toi [akɛ nɔyelɔ] fe gbɔmɛi.” (Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 5:29) Eyɛ faŋŋ akɛ, ehe bahia ni mra be mli Kristofoi lɛ ahiɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ-ŋmɛɛ ni sa, ni aaakã toiboo ni aaafee aha Nyɔŋmɔ kɛ heshibaa kpakpa ni aaaná aha adesai nɔyelɔi teŋ lɛ mli. Tertullian wie he yɛ nɛkɛ gbɛ nɔ yɛ Ŋ.B. afii ohai etɛ lɛ shishijee gbɛ akɛ: “Kɛji Kaisare nɔ̃ ji fɛɛ lɛ, mɛni baashwɛ kɛha Nyɔŋmɔ?”
Saji Ahe ni Aŋmɛɛ ni akɛ Maŋ lɛ Saa
Beni be shwieɔ mli lɛ, shidaamɔ ni klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli Kristofoi ekɔ, yɛ tsakpaa ni kã amɛkɛ Maŋ lɛ teŋ lɛ gbɛfaŋ lɛ mli bagbɔjɔ fiofio. Hemɔkɛyeli kwamɔ ni Yesu kɛ bɔfoi lɛ gba yɛ he amɛfɔ̃ shi lɛ shwere waa yɛ Ŋ.B. afii ohai enyɔ kɛ afii ohai etɛ lɛ mli. (Mateo 13:37, 38; Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji 20:29, 30; 2 Tesalonikabii 2:3-12; 2 Petro 2:1-3) Hemɔkɛyeli kwamɔ Kristojamɔ ŋmɛɛ saji ahe ni ekɛ Roma je lɛ saa, ni eŋɔ ewɔŋjamɔ gbijuji kɛ ejeŋ nilee lɛ, ni jeee maŋ sɔɔmɔ nitsumɔ pɛ nɔ ekpɛlɛ, shi moŋ ekpɛlɛ asraafoi anitsumɔ hu nɔ.
Univɛsiti tsɔɔlɔ nukpa Troeltsch ŋma akɛ: “Kɛjɛ afii ohai etɛ lɛ mli kɛbaa lɛ, shihilɛ lɛ mli bawa waa diɛŋtsɛ, ejaakɛ Kristofoi ayi bafa babaoo yɛ Maŋbii ateŋ mɛi ni nɔ kwɔlɔ waa kɛ nitsumɔ ni yɔɔ gbɛi ni abuɔ waa lɛ hu ateŋ, yɛ asraafoi anitsumɔ kɛ maŋ nitsumɔ gbɛhei fɛɛ mli. Ayɛ mlifu wiemɔi ni awie ashi amɛhe ni amɛkɛwo nɛkɛ nibii nɛɛ amli lɛ, yɛ niŋmaai kukuji ni yɔɔ Kristofoi aniŋmaai [ni kɔɔɔ Biblia lɛ he] lɛ amli babaoo mli; nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ enɛ lɛ, wɔnaa mɔdɛŋbɔi ni akɛka akɛ aaaha aŋmɛɛ saji ahe ni akɛsaa—saji anaataamɔ ni akɛha koni akɛjɔɔ henilee ni ehao yɛ enɛ he lɛ he . . . Nɛkɛ jaramɔ shihilɛi nɛɛ laaje kwraa kɛjɛ Konstantino beaŋ kɛbaa; béi ni yɔɔ Kristofoi kɛ wɔŋjalɔi ateŋ lɛ sɛɛ fo kwraa, ni aha mɛi fɛɛ hegbɛ akɛ amɛbaanyɛ amɛhi Maŋ sɔɔmɔ gbɛhei fɛɛ mli ni amɛtsu nii.”
Kɛbaa Ŋ.B. afii ohai ejwɛ lɛ naagbee gbɛ lɛ, nɛkɛ Kristojamɔ ni afutu lɛ, ni ŋmɛɛɔ saji ahe kɛsaa nɛɛ batsɔ Maŋ lɛ jamɔ kɛha Roma Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ.
Yɛ eyinɔsane be fɛɛ mli lɛ, Kristendom—ni Katolik, Orthodɔks, kɛ Protestant Sɔlemɔi lɛ damɔ shi kɛha lɛ lɛ—etee nɔ eŋmɛɛ saji ahe ni ekɛ Maŋ lɛ esaa, ni ekɛ ehe ewo emaŋkwramɔ saji amli vii ni efi esɛɛ yɛ etai ni ewuu lɛ amli. Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ, sɔlemɔyalɔi anɔkwafoi pii ni enɛ eha amɛhe ejɔ̃ amɛhe waa lɛ baana miishɛɛ akɛ amɛaale akɛ, Kristofoi yɛ ŋmɛnɛ, ni hiɛɔ shidaamɔ ni klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli Kristofoi kɔ yɛ amɛkɛ Maŋ lɛ teŋ wekukpaa gbɛfaŋ lɛ mli. Saji enyɔ ni nyiɛ enɛ sɛɛ lɛ baasusu sane lɛ he kɛya hiɛ babaoo lolo.
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 5]
Kaisare Nero, mɔ ni Petro ŋma yɛ ehe akɛ: “Nyɛwoa maŋtsɛ” lɛ
[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]
Musei Capitolini, Roma
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 6]
Polycarp hala akɛ eeegbo moŋ fe ni eeeja maŋtsɛ wulu lɛ
[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 7]
Mra be mli Kristofoi hi shi akɛ maŋbii ni sumɔɔ toiŋjɔlɛ, amɛyeɔ anɔkwa, ni amɛwoɔ too