Ivyihishije inyuma y’ibirori vy’Ukaristiya

ABANTU bo hirya no hino kw’isi barahimbaza ivyo birori. Uri ababigira akatari gake ku mwaka, ku ndwi ku ndwi, canke mbere ku musi ku musi. Naho ari ukwo, uwo mugenzo uvugwa ko ari ikinyegezwa mu bijanye n’ukwizera, kandi abantu benshi bawugira ntibokwemeza ngo barawutahura. Ubonwa ko ari ikintu ceranda, eka mbere ugafatwa ko ari igitangaro.

Ivyo birori ni Ukaristiya, ni ukuvuga kirya gihimba c’imisa y’abagatolika, igihe umupatiri ahezagira umukate n’umuvinyu maze agaca asaba ababa bitavye imisa ngo baze kwakira Kristu mw’Isangira ryeranda.a Papa Benedigito wa 16 yavuze yuko ku bagatolika ivyo birori ari “co kintu gihambaye mu kwizera kwabo.” Nta myaka myinshi ihaciye iryo dini rihimbaje ico ryise ngo ni umwaka w’Ukaristiya, mu ntumbero yo kugira akigoro ko “gukangura no kwongereza ukwizera mu bijanye n’Ukaristiya.”

Mbere n’abagatolika usanga ukwizera kwabo kutifashe neza baraha agaciro kanini uwo mugenzo. Nk’akarorero, mu kiganiro giherutse gusohorwa mu kinyamakuru kimwe (Time), hari umukenyezi adondorwa nk’uwukiri muto, akaba n’umugatolika atumira cane ku migenzo y’iryo dini, yanditse ati: “Ibibazo ivyo ari vyo vyose twoba dufise ku bijanye n’ishimikiro ry’inyigisho za Ekeleziya, tuguma twumiye ku kiduhuza mu kwizera kw’abagatolika, ico na co kikaba ari ukuba twarihebeye uguhimbaza ibirori vy’Ukaristiya.”

Ariko none, Ukaristiya ni iki? Abayoboke ba Kristu boba basabwa kurigira? Reka tubanze turimbure ukuntu ibirori vy’Ukaristiya vyatanguye. Maze turaza kwibanda ku kibazo gihambaye kuruta, ico na co kikaba ari iki: Ubwo ibirori vy’Ukaristiya vyoba vy’ukuri bihuje n’ihimbaza Yezu Kristu yatanguje, ubu hakaba haciye imyaka hafi 2.000?

Ukaristiya be n’amadini y’abiyita abakirisu

Ntibigoye kumenya igituma abantu babona ko Ukaristiya ari nk’igitangaro. Igihe gihambaye c’ivyo birori kiba mu kiringo co kuvuga igisabisho cerekeye Ukaristiya. Twisunze ibivugwa n’igitabu kimwe c’Ikatikisimu (Catechism of the Catholic Church), muri ico gihe “ububasha bw’amajambo avugwa muri ico gisabisho be n’igikorwa ca Kristu, hamwe n’ububasha bwa Mutima Mutagatifu,” bituma umubiri wa Yezu be n’amaraso yiwe “biba ari ho biri mu bweranda.” Umupatiri ahejeje kwihereza ku mukate no ku muvinyu, aca atumira abayoboke ngo baje gusangira, akenshi bakaba babigira mu kurya umukate gusa, ari yo Hositiya.

Ekeleziya gatolika yigisha ko uwo mukate be n’uwo muvinyu bihinduka mu buryo bw’igitangaro bigacika umubiri nya mubiri wa Kristu be n’amaraso nya maraso yiwe (iyo nyigisho yitwa transsubstantiation). Iyo nyigisho yagiye iramenyekana buhorobuhoro, uhereye mu kinjana ca 13 igihe iryo jambo ryasigurwa ari bwo bwa mbere rikongera rigakoreshwa mu buryo bwemewe. Mu gihe ca kwa Gutunganya ivy’idini bushasha kwatanguzwa n’abaporotisanti, imice imwimwe y’Ukaristiya y’abagatolika yarateye impari. Luther yariyamirije iyo nyigisho (transsubstantiation) maze ashira imbere iyindi (iyitwa consubstantiation). Itandukaniro riri hagati y’izo nyigisho zibiri ntirishoka ryibonekeza. Muri iyo nyigisho yashira imbere (consubstantiation), Luther yigisha ko umubiri n’amaraso vya Yezu biba biri kumwe n’uwo mukate be n’uwo muvinyu, aho kuba uwo mukate n’uwo muvinyu bihinduka bikaba umubiri wa Yezu be n’amaraso yiwe (transsubstantiation).

Uko igihe cagiye kirarengana, mu migwi itandukanye y’amadini y’abiyita abakirisu haradutse ukundi kutumvikana ku bijanye n’insobanuro y’ibirori vy’Ukaristiya hamwe no ku bijanye n’ukuntu bikwiye guhimbazwa be n’incuro bikwiye kugirwa. Naho ari ukwo, mu buryo bumwebumwe, ivyo birori vyagumye bifise ikibanza gihambaye mu madini yose y’abiyita abakirisu. Ariko none, kwa guhimbaza kwatanguzwa na Yezu ubwiwe kwari kumeze gute?

Itanguzwa ry’“imfungurwa zo ku mugoroba z’Umukama”

Yezu ubwiwe ni we yatanguje ivy’uguhimbaza “imfungurwa zo ku mugoroba z’Umukama,” ari co Cibutso c’urupfu rwiwe. (1 Abakorinto 11:20, 24) Yamara none, yoba yatanguje ibirori bisiga ubwenge, ivyo mu gihe co kubigira abayoboke biwe boriye vy’ukuri umubiri wiwe bakanywa n’amaraso yiwe?

Yezu ni ho yari agiheza guhimbaza Pasika y’Abayuda maze aca ataramura Yuda Isikariyoti, ya ntumwa yari igiye kumugurisha. Matayo, umwe muri za ntumwa 11 zari aho hantu, yanditse ati: “Bagishishikara kurya, Yezu atora umukate, hanyuma amaze kuwuhezagira, arawumanyura awuhereza abigishwa, avuga ati: ‘Akire, murye. Iki kigereranya umubiri wanje.’ Atora n’igikombe, hanyuma amaze gukenguruka [mu kigiriki ni eu·kha·ri·ste΄sas], arakibaha avuga ati: ‘Nimukinyweko mwese; kuko iki kigereranya “amaraso yanje y’isezerano,” agiye guseswa ku bwa benshi ku bwo kubabarirwa ibicumuro.’”​—Matayo 26:26-28.

Kuri Yezu, cokimwe no ku basavyi b’Imana bose, gusaba Imana ngo ihezagire ibifungurwa cari ikintu gisanzwe. (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 8:10; Matayo 6:11; 14:19; 15:36; Mariko 6:41; 8:6; Yohani 6:11, 23; Ibikorwa 27:35; Abaroma 14:6) None hoba hari impamvu n’imwe yotuma twiyumvira yuko muri ukwo gukengurukira Imana Yezu yariko akora igitangaro, agatuma abayoboke biwe barya umubiri nya mubiri wiwe bakanywa n’amaraso nya maraso yiwe?

Yoba ari “iki kigereranya” canke “iki ni”?

Ego ni ko, impinduro zimwezimwe za Bibiliya zihindura ayo majambo ya Yezu muri ubu buryo: “Ni mwakire murye: ico ni umubiri wanje,” be na “Ni munywe mwese; iki ni amaraso yanje.” (Matayo 26:26-28, Ubwuzure Bushasha; raba kandi Bibiliya Yera) Ni ivy’ukuri kandi yuko ijambo ry’ikigiriki e·stin΄, iyo ikaba ari imero y’irivuga ry’ikigiriki “kuba,” ahanini risigura ngo “ni.” Ariko rero, iryo rivuga nyene rishobora kandi gusobanura ngo “gusigura.” Birashimishije kubona mu mpinduro za Bibiliya zitari nke, iryo rivuga rikunze guhindurwa ngo “gusobanura” canke “kugereranya.”b Ibiba biriko biravugwa ni vyo vyerekana ijambo ryokoreshwa ribereye gusumba ayandi. Nk’akarorero, muri Matayo 12:7, mu mpinduro nyinshi za Bibiliya, ijambo e·stin΄ rihindurwa ngo “ico bivuga” canke ngo “ico bigereranya” (Douay Version). Mu Bwuzure Bushasha uwo murongo uvuga uti: “Iyo muba mwategereye ico bivuga [mu kigiriki ni e·stin΄]: Sinshaka inkuka mugabo imbabazi ntimwociriye rubi izo ntungane.”

Mu bijanye n’ivyo, abantu benshi b’incabwenge bemerwa mu bijanye na Bibiliya baremeye yuko ijambo “ni” ridatanga insobanuro y’ukuri y’iciyumviro Yezu yariko araserura muri iyo mirongo. Nk’akarorero, uwitwa Jacques Dupont yararimbuye ivyerekeye imico yo mu kibano Yezu yakuriyemwo be n’abantu baho, maze ashika ku ciyumviro c’uko uburyo “bwumvikana gusumba ubundi bwose” bwo guhindura uwo murongo bwari kuba: “iki kigereranya umubiri wanje”.

Uko biri kwose, Yezu ntiyashaka kuvuga ko abayoboke biwe bari kurya umubiri nya mubiri wiwe bakongera bakanywa amaraso nya maraso yiwe. Uti kubera iki? Inyuma ya wa Mwuzure wo mu gihe ca Nowa, Igihe Imana yarekurira abantu kurya inyama z’ibikoko, yarabujije abantu ata gukikiriza kurya amaraso. (Itanguriro 9:3, 4) Iryo bwirizwa ryarasubiwemwo muri rya Tegeko rya Musa, iryo na ryo Yezu akaba yararyubaha bimwe vyuzuye. (Gusubira mu vyagezwe 12:23; 1 Petero 2:22) Vyongeye, intumwa zihumekewe n’impwemu nyeranda zarasubiyemwo iryo tegeko ryo kwirinda kurya amaraso, gutyo biba vyerekanye ko iryo tegeko rigenga abakirisu bose. (Ibikorwa 15:20, 29) Ubwo none, Yezu yari gutanguza ihimbaza ryosavye abayoboke biwe kurenga kw’itegeko ryeranda ry’Imana Mushoboravyose? Ivyo ntibishoboka!

Biragaragara rero ko Yezu yakoresheje umukate n’umuvinyu bwa bimenyetso. Umukate utarimwo umwambiro wagereranya umubiri wiwe utagira icaha wari gutangwako ikimazi. Umuvinyu utukura wagereranya amaraso yiwe, ayosheshwe “ku bwa benshi ku bwo kubabarirwa ibicumuro.”​—Matayo 26:28.

Intumbero y’imfungurwa zo ku mugoroba z’Umukama

Yezu yasozereye ihimbaza rya mbere ry’imfungurwa zo ku mugoroba z’Umukama mu kuvuga ati: “Muragume mugira ibi mu kunyibuka.” (Luka 22:19) Iryo himbaza riradufasha vy’ukuri kwibuka Yezu be n’ibintu vyiza igitangaza urupfu rwiwe rwaranguye. Riratwibutsa yuko Yezu yashigikiye ubusegaba bwa Se, ari we Yehova. Riratwibutsa kandi yuko, biciye ku rupfu Yezu yapfuye ari umuntu atunganye, atagira icaha, yatanze “ubuzima bwiwe bwa ncungu ya benshi.” Iyo ncungu yatumye bishoboka ko umuntu wese yoyizeye, abohorwa agakurwa mu caha akongera akaronka ubuzima budahera.​—Matayo 20:28.

Ariko rero, ahanini izo mfungurwa zo ku mugoroba z’Umukama ni imfungurwa zisangirirwa hamwe. Abagira uruhara muri izo mfungurwa ni (1) Yehova Imana, we yatunganije ivyo gutanga incungu, (2) Yezu Kristu, “Umwagazi w’intama w’Imana,” yatanze iyo ncungu be (3) n’abavukanyi ba Yezu mu vy’Imana. Igihe abo bavukanyi ba Yezu bafungura ku mukate bakanywa no ku muvinyu, baba berekanye yuko bunze ubumwe na Kristu bimwe vyuzuye. (Yohani 1:29; 1 Abakorinto 10:16, 17) Baba kandi berekanye ko bari mw’“isezerano rishasha” ari abigishwa ba Yezu basizwe impwemu. Abo ni bo bazofadikanya na Kristu kuganza mw’ijuru ari abami n’abaherezi.​—Luka 22:20; Yohani 14:2, 3; Ivyahishuwe 5:9, 10.

None ico Cibutso gikwiye guhimbazwa ryari? Inyishu ica itomoka igihe twibutse yuko Yezu yahisemwo igenekerezo rizwi neza kugira ngo atanguze iryo himbaza, aho na ho hakaba hari kw’i Pasika. Abasavyi b’Imana bari bamaze imyaka irenga 1.500 bahimbaza uwo musi mukuru uko umwaka utashe, kugira ngo bibuke ukuntu Yehova yabarokoye mu buryo bw’intibagirwa, ivyo bakaba babigira ku wa 14 w’ukwezi kwita Nisani ku kirangamisi bari basanzwe bakoresha. Biragaragara rero ko Yezu yariko aha abayoboke biwe ubuyobozi bw’uko boza barakoresha iryo genekerezo nyene mu kwibuka igikorwa c’ukurokora gihambaye cane kuruta, ico Imana yotumye gishoboka biciye ku rupfu rwa Kristu. Ku bw’ivyo rero, abayoboke b’ukuri ba Yezu bagira ibirori vyo guhimbaza imfungurwa zo ku mugoroba z’Umukama ku mwaka ku mwaka, kw’igenekerezo riba rihuye no ku wa 14 Nisani ku kirangamisi c’Abaheburayo.

None ivyo boba babigira kubera yuko bikundira imigenzo? Tuvugishije ukuri, ico ni co gikwēgera abantu benshi ku bijanye n’ibirori vy’Ukaristiya. Wa mwanditsi wa ca kiganiro co mu kinyamakuru (Time) twamara kuvuga, yavuze ati: “Hariho ikintu kiruhura rwose ku bijanye no kugira uruhara mu migenzo ya kera igirwa n’abantu benshi cane.” Uwo mwanditsi, cokimwe n’abagatolika batari bake bo muri kino gihe, ashima ko ivyo birori vyogirwa mu kilatini nk’uko vyahora bigirwa muri kahise. Uti kubera iki? Yandika ati: “Nipfuza kwumva imisa isomwa mu rurimi ntatahura kubera yuko akenshi cane ntahimbarwa n’ivyo numva bavuga mu congereza.”

Ivyabona vya Yehova, bifatanije n’abandi bantu amamiliyoni bashimishwa n’ivyo Bibiliya yigisha, barahimbarwa no guhimbaza imfungurwa zo ku mugoroba z’Umukama mu rurimi basanzwe bavuga, ivyo bakabigira aho ari ho hose boba baba. Barahimbarwa no kurushiriza gutahura insobanuro y’urupfu rwa Kristu be n’agaciro karwo. Birabereye ko ukuri mwene ukwo kuzirikanwako kukongera kukaganirwako mu kiringo cose c’umwaka. Ivyabona babona yuko guhimbaza Icibutso ari bwo buryo bwiza kuruta ubundi bwose bwo kubandanya bibuka urukundo rugera kure Yehova Imana be n’Umwana wiwe Yezu Kristu babagaragarije. Icibutso kirabafasha “[kuguma ba]tangaza urupfu rw’Umukama, kugeza ashitse.”​—1 Abakorinto 11:26.

[Utujambo tw’epfo]

[Iciyumviro ku rup. 27]

Kwa guhimbaza kwatanguzwa na Yezu ubwiwe kwari kumeze gute?

[Ifoto ku rup. 28]

Yezu ni we yatanguje ivy’uguhimbaza Icibutso c’urupfu rwiwe

[Ifoto ku rup. 29]

Guhimbaza Icibutso c’urupfu rwa Yezu Kristu