Ese wari ubizi?
Amafaranga yakoreshwaga mu mirimo yo mu rusengero i Yerusalemu yavaga he?
▪ Amafaranga yo gukora imirimo itandukanye yakorwaga mu rusengero, yabaga avuye mu misoro, ahanini yabonekaga bitewe n’itegeko ryo gutanga icya cumi. Icyakora hari n’indi misoro yakwaga. Urugero, mu gihe cyo kubaka ihema ry’ibonaniro, Yehova yategetse Mose ko buri wese mu Bisirayeli babaruwe azana kimwe cya kabiri cya shekeli, akagitangaho ‘ituro baha Yehova.’—Kuva 30:12-16.
Uko bigaragara byaje guhinduka umugenzo, maze buri mwaka Umuyahudi wese akajya atanga uwo musoro w’urusengero. Uwo musoro ni wo Yesu yategetse Petero gutanga, igihe yatangaga igiceri yari akuye mu kanwa k’ifi.—Matayo 17:24-27.
Hashize imyaka myinshi, i Yerusalemu havumbuwe ibiceri bibiri by’ifeza byatangwagaho umusoro w’urusengero. Kimwe muri ibyo biceri cyacuriwe i Tiro mu mwaka wa 22, cyabonetse ahantu hahoze umugende w’amazi mu kinyejana cya mbere. Ku ruhande rumwe rw’icyo giceri cya shekeli, hariho ishusho y’ikigirwamana cy’i Tiro cyitwaga Melkart cyangwa Baal, ku rundi ruhande hakaba ishusho ya kagoma ihagaze ku gice cy’imbere cy’ubwato. Ikindi giceri cyatoraguwe mu matongo yo ku musozi wari wubatseho urusengero. Ni icyo mu mwaka wa mbere w’imyivumbagatanyo y’Abayahudi, igihe bigomekaga ku butegetsi bw’Abaroma mu mwaka wa 66-67. Icyo giceri kiriho ishusho y’inkongoro n’imikomamanga itatu iriho uburabyo, kandi cyanditseho ngo “Igice cya Shekeli,” nanone ngo “Yerusalemu Yera.” Porofeseri Gabriel Barkay yavuze ko icyo giceri cyavumbuwe, gifite “ibimenyetso byerekana ko cyangijwe n’umuriro, bikaba bishoboka cyane ko waba ari umuriro warimbuye Urusengero rwa Kabiri mu mwaka wa 70.”
Ese koko imishinga y’ubwubatsi Nebukadinezari umwami w’i Babuloni yakoze, yari ihambaye?
▪ Igitabo cyo muri Bibiliya cya Daniyeli, kirimo amagambo Nebukadinezari yavuze agira ati “mbese iyi si Babuloni Ikomeye niyubakiye nkoresheje imbaraga z’ububasha bwanjye, kugira ngo ibe inzu ya cyami kandi iheshe icyubahiro ubwami bwanjye” (Daniyeli 4:30)? Ese koko uwo mugi wa kera wari ukomeye?
Abahanga mu by’amateka bavuga ko Nebukadinezari yubatse insengero, ingoro za cyami, inkuta z’umugi, agatera n’ubusitani bw’akataraboneka ku materasi. Urusengero rukomeye rwari hagati mu mugi wa Babuloni, rwari rufite umunara ufite uburebure bwa metero zisaga 70. Ariko kandi, hari igitabo kivuga kiti “ikintu gikomeye mu byo [Nebukadinezari] yubatse, ni inkuta z’amatafari zari zikikije Inzira y’Umutambagiro hamwe n’irembo ryitiriwe ikigirwamana cyitwa Ishtar” (Babylon—City of Wonders). Izo nkuta z’amatafari zari zikikije Inzira y’Umutambagiro yanyuraga mu irembo ryitiriwe ikigirwamana cyitwa Ishtar, zari zometseho ibishushanyo by’intare zimeze nk’izigenda. Ku birebana n’iryo rembo rinini ryinjiraga mu mugi wa Babuloni, cya gitabo kivuga ko “inkuta zaryo zari zubakishije amatafari abengerana y’ibara ry’ubururu, yometseho ibishushanyo bibarirwa mu magana by’ibimasa bisa n’ibigenda hamwe n’iby’ibiyoka binini. Umushyitsi wabaga yasuye uwo mugi ku ncuro ya mbere, ntiyashoboraga kwibagirwa ibyo yabaga yabonye.”
Mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20, abahanga mu bucukumbuzi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo, bavumbuye uduce tubarirwa mu bihumbi tw’Inzira y’Umutambagiro n’utw’Irembo rya Ishtar. Iyo Nzira n’iryo Rembo bongeye kubyubaka mu nzu ndangamurage ya Pergamon, iri mu mugi wa Berlin mu Budage.
[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 12]
Uko ibyo biceri byanganaga
[Aho amafoto yavuye]
Hejuru: Clara Emit, Courtesy of Israel Antiquities Authority; bottom: Zev Radovan
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 12]
Irembo rya Ishtar ryongeye kubakwa