Igice cya 27

Bacapa kandi bagakwirakwiza Ijambo ryera ry’Imana

UBU hashize imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo Abahamya ba Yehova bashyize ku nzu nini y’icapiro ryo ku cyicaro gikuru cyabo icyapa gishishikariza buri wese gusoma Bibiliya kigira kiti “Soma Ijambo ry’Imana Bibiliya Yera buri munsi.”

Abahamya ba Yehova biga Ijambo ry’Imana bashyizeho umwete. Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi bakoresheje ubuhinduzi bwinshi bwa Bibiliya kugira ngo basobanukirwe igitekerezo nyacyo cyari mu mwandiko w’umwimerere w’Ibyanditswe byahumetswe. Buri Muhamya ashishikarizwa kugira gahunda ye bwite yo gusoma Bibiliya buri munsi. Uretse kwiga ingingo zitandukanye zo mu Ijambo ry’Imana, nanone bagira gahunda yo kugenda basoma Bibiliya mu materaniro y’itorero kandi bakayiganiraho. Ntibaba bagamije gushakisha imirongo ishyigikira ibitekerezo byabo. Bemera ko Bibiliya ari Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe. Bazi ko icyaha kandi igahana, kandi bihatira guhuza imitekerereze yabo n’imyifatire yabo n’ibyo Bibiliya ivuga.—2 Tim 3:16, 17; gereranya na 1 Abatesalonike 2:13.

Nanone Abahamya ba Yehova bagira ishyaka mu gusohora Bibiliya no kuyikwirakwiza bitewe n’uko bemera badashidikanya ko ari Ijambo ry’Imana ryera kandi ko irimo ubutumwa bwiza buhebuje.

Umuryango usohora Bibiliya

Mu mwaka wa 1896, ni bwo ijambo Bibiliya ryinjijwe ku mugaragaro mu izina ry’umuryango wo mu rwego rw’amategeko Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bakoreshaga icyo gihe mu mirimo yabo yo gusohora ibitabo. (Icyo gihe umuryango wa Zion’s Watch Tower Tract Society wahinduye izina witwa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society.a) Uwo muryango ntiwahise utangira gucapa Bibiliya no kuziteranya, ariko wagiraga ishyaka mu kuzisohora, ugatanga ibisobanuro by’inyongera bigomba gushyirwa muri iyo Bibiliya, hanyuma ukagirana amasezerano n’amacapiro y’abacuruzi azayicapa kandi akayiteranya.

Na mbere y’umwaka wa 1896, uwo muryango wakoraga ibirenze gukwirakwiza Bibiliya. Ntiwari ugamije gushakira inyungu mu basomyi bayo, ahubwo wari ugamije kubafasha, ukabarangira ubuhinduzi butandukanye bwa Bibiliya bwabonekaga icyo gihe, ukagura Bibiliya nyinshi kugira ngo ugabanyirizwe igiciro, hanyuma ukazitanga ku giciro rimwe na rimwe cyabaga kingana na 35 ku ijana by’igiciro cyayo. Izo Bibiliya zari zikubiyemo ubuhinduzi bwa King James Version bwacapwe mu bihe binyuranye, kuzitwara no kuzikoresha bikaba byari byoroshye; hakaba ‘Bibiliya z’abigisha’ zari nini kurushaho zari zifite irangiro, amakarita n’impuzamirongo (na zo zari ubuhinduzi bwa King James Version); hakaba ubuhinduzi bwagaragazaga umwandiko w’ikigiriki n’uw’icyongereza (The Emphatic Diaglott); ubuhinduzi bwa Leeser bwagaragazaga umwandiko w’icyongereza n’uw’igiheburayo; ubuhinduzi bwa Murdock bwakoresheje umwandiko wa kera w’igisiriya; ubuhinduzi bwarimo impuzamirongo zigaragaza aho izina ry’Imana riboneka mu rurimi rw’umwimerere n’ibindi bisobanuro by’ingirakamaro byari mu mwandiko w’igiheburayo n’ikigiriki (The Newberry Bible); Isezerano Rishya ryahinduwe na Tischendorf ryarimo ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji byagaragazaga uburyo butandukanye umurongo wanditswemo mu nyandiko eshatu za Bibiliya za kera z’ikigiriki zandikishijwe intoki zuzuye kurusha izindi (izavuye ku musozi wa Sinayi, izavuye i Vatikani n’izo muri Alegizandiriya); hakaba na Bibiliya yari ifite ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji byagaragazaga uburyo butandukanye umurongo wanditswemo mu nyandiko za kera zandikishijwe intoki bikanagaragaza uburyo butandukanye intiti zubahwa zahinduyemo umwandiko (Variorum Bible) n’ubuhinduzi bwa Young buhindura ijambo ku rindi. Nanone uwo muryango wasohoye ibitabo by’amarangiro, urugero nk’irangiro ry’amagambo yo muri Bibiliya rya Cruden (Cruden’s Concordance) n’igitabo cya Young cyasobanuraga amagambo y’umwimerere y’igiheburayo n’ikigiriki (Analytical Concordance). Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, incuro nyinshi Abahamya ba Yehova batangaga hirya no hino ku isi Bibiliya zibarirwa mu bihumbi ziri mu ndimi zitandukanye, babaga bavanye mu yindi miryango ya Bibiliya.

Dukurikije amakuru dufite, mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 1890 umuryango wa Watch Tower Society wakoze gahunda zihariye zo gucapa bwa kabiri Isezerano Rishya ryari ryarahinduwe n’umuhinduzi wa Bibiliya w’Umwongereza witwa Joseph B. Rotherham, risohoka ririho izina ry’uwo muryango (The New Testament Newly Translated and Critically Emphasised). Kuki bahisemo ubwo buhinduzi? Ni ukubera ko bwahinduraga ijambo ku rindi kandi bukihatira gukoresha mu buryo bwuzuye ubushakashatsi bwari bwarakozwe kugira ngo haboneke umwandiko w’ikigiriki uhuje n’ukuri, kandi umuhinduzi wabwo akaba yari yarashyizemo ibisobanuro byashoboraga gufasha umusomyi kumenya amagambo yatsindagirijwe mu buryo bwihariye mu mwandiko w’ikigiriki.

Mu mwaka wa 1902 umuryango wa Watch Tower Society wakoze gahunda yihariye yo gucapa ubuhinduzi bwa Bibiliya bwagaragazaga n’umwandiko w’umwimerere (Holman Linear Parallel Edition of the Bible). Ubwo buhinduzi bwari bufite umwanya munini ku mikika y’amapaji wariho irangiro ry’aho imirongo inyuranye yasobanuwe mu bitabo by’uwo muryango, bukagira n’urutonde rw’ingingo nyinshi n’imirongo y’Ibyanditswe n’aho ibisobanuro by’ingirakamaro biboneka mu bitabo by’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya. Ahantu hose umurongo wabaga uhinduwe mu buryo butandukanye, iyo Bibiliya yagaragazaga umwandiko w’ubuhinduzi bubiri (ubuhinduzi bwa King James, bwabaga buri hejuru y’ubwa Revised Version). Nanone iyo Bibiliya yari ifite irangiro rirerire ry’amagambo ryamenyeshaga umusomyi ibisobanuro bitandukanye by’amagambo yo mu rurimi rw’umwimerere.

Muri uwo mwaka, umuryango wa Watch Tower Society wabonye udupande tw’icyuma twakoreshejwe mu gucapa ubuhinduzi bwa Bibiliya bwarimo umwandiko w’ikigiriki w’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya Gikristo wakusanyijwe na J. J. Griesbach (The Emphatic Diaglott, icapwa ryo mu wa 1796-1806), hamwe n’ubuhinduzi bw’icyongereza bw’uwo mwandiko. Iruhande rw’uwo mwandiko hari ubuhinduzi bwa Benjamin Wilson, wari waravukiye mu Bwongereza akajya gutura i Geneva, muri leta ya Illinois muri Amerika. Hari umuntu wari waraguze utwo dupande tw’icyuma n’uburenganzira bwihariye bwo gusohora iyo Bibiliya hanyuma abiha umuryango wa Watch Tower Society. Kopi zari zaracapwe zimaze gutangwa zose, hakozwe gahunda zo gusohora izindi, zisohoka mu mwaka wa 1903.

Hashize imyaka ine, ni ukuvuga mu wa 1907, hasohotse Bibiliya y’ubuhinduzi bwa King James Version yari igenewe Abigishwa ba Bibiliya. Iyo Bibiliya yarimo umugereka w’amasomo yakoreshwaga n’“abarimu bigishaga mu matsinda yo kwiga Bibiliya nk’abantu b’i Beroya.” Yari akubiyemo ibisobanuro bigusha ku ngingo by’imirongo yo mu bice byose bya Bibiliya, n’aho umuntu ashobora kubona ibisobanuro birambuye mu bitabo by’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya. Nyuma y’umwaka umwe iyo Bibiliya yongeye gusohoka irimo umugereka ufite ibisobanuro byinshi kurushaho.

Kugira ngo bagabanyirizwe igiciro, bahaga abacapaga izo Bibiliya n’abaziteranyaga komande ya za Bibiliya ziri hagati ya 5.000 na 10.000 icyarimwe. Umuryango wa Watch Tower Society wifuzaga ko abantu benshi uko bishoboka kose babona ubuhinduzi butandukanye bwa Bibiliya hamwe n’ibikoresho bakoresha bakora ubushakashatsi muri Bibiliya.

Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1926, uwo muryango wateye indi ntambwe y’ingenzi mu bihereranye no gusohora Bibiliya.

Dutangira gucapa Bibiliya mu macapiro yacu bwite

Hashize imyaka 36 umuryango wa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society utangiye gusohora Bibiliya ni bwo watangiye kuziteranya no kuzicapa mu macapiro yawo bwite. Bibiliya ya mbere yacapiwe muri ayo macapiro ni The Emphatic Diaglott, hakaba hari hashize imyaka 24 uwo muryango ubonye udupande tw’icyuma twakoreshejwe mu kuyicapa. Mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1926 iyo Bibiliya yacapiwe ku mashini yari mu icapiro ryo ku muhanda wa Concord Street, i Brooklyn. Kugeza ubu, hacapwe kopi z’iyo Bibiliya zigera ku 427.924.

Hashize imyaka 16, igihe Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yari irimbanyije, uwo muryango watangiye gucapa Bibiliya yuzuye. Ni yo mpamvu mu mwaka wa 1942 baguze udupande tw’icyuma twakoreshwaga mu gucapa Bibiliya ya King James Version yari ifite impuzamirongo, twari dufitwe n’isosiyete y’i Philadelphia ho muri Pennsylvania (A. J. Holman Company). Iyo Bibiliya yuzuye yahinduwe mu cyongereza, ntiyari yarahinduwe bahereye kuri Bibiliya y’ikilatini ya Vulgate, ahubwo yari yarahinduwe n’intiti zashoboraga kugereranya ubuhinduzi bwari bwarakozwe mbere yaho n’umwandiko w’umwimerere w’igiheburayo, icyarameyi n’ikigiriki. Hongeweho irangiro ry’amagambo ryari ryarateguwe n’abagaragu ba Yehova basaga 150. Iryo rangiro ryari rigamije mbere na mbere gufasha Abahamya ba Yehova guhita babona imirongo ikwiriye igihe bari mu murimo wo kubwiriza, bityo bagakoresha neza Bibiliya, ari yo ‘nkota y’umwuka,’ kugira ngo bashyire ahabona ibinyoma by’amadini (Efe 6:17). Kugira ngo abantu bashobore kubona iyo Bibiliya ku giciro gito aho bari hose, iyo Bibiliya yacapwe hakoreshejwe imashini yihuta, ibyo bikaba ari ibintu abandi bacapaga Bibiliya batari barigeze bagerageza. Mu mwaka wa 1992, hari hamaze gucapwa izo Bibiliya zigera kuri 1.858.368.

Abahamya ba Yehova bifuzaga ibirenze guha abantu Bibiliya. Bifuzaga gufasha abantu kumenya izina bwite ry’umwanditsi wayo ari we Yehova Imana, bakamenya n’imigambi ye. Hari ubuhinduzi bw’icyongereza bwo mu mwaka wa 1901 (American Standard Version) bwakoresheje izina ry’Imana ahantu hasaga 6.870 ryabonekaga mu mwandiko abahinduzi bahereyeho bahindura. Mu mwaka wa 1944, nyuma y’imishyikirano yamaze amezi menshi, Abahamya ba Yehova baguze uburenganzira bwo gukora utundi dupande tw’icyuma two gucapa iyo Bibiliya bahereye ku dupande tw’isosiyete ya Thomas Nelson and Sons y’i New York. Mu myaka 48 yakurikiyeho, hacapwe kopi 1.039.482.

Steven Byington w’i Ballard Vale muri leta ya Massachusetts muri Amerika, na we yari yarahinduye Bibiliya mu cyongereza kigezweho asubiza izina ry’Imana aho rikwiriye kujya hose. Mu mwaka wa 1951 Abahamya babonye kopi zandikishijwe intoki z’ubuhinduzi bwe yari atarasohora, kandi mu mwaka wa 1961 babona uburenganzira bwihariye bwo kuyisohora. Ubwo buhinduzi bwuzuye bwacapwe mu wa 1972. Kugeza mu wa 1992, hari hamaze gucapwa kopi 262.573.

Icyakora hagati aho, hari ikindi kintu cyarimo kiba.

Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya ihindurwa

Mu ntangiriro z’Ukwakira 1946, Nathan H. Knorr wari perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society, yatanze bwa mbere igitekerezo cy’uko bahindura bundi bushya Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo. Umurimo wo guhindura watangiye ku itariki ya 2 Ukuboza 1947. Abari bagize komite y’ubuhinduzi, bose bakaba bari Abakristo basutsweho umwuka, bagenzuye umwandiko wuzuye w’ubwo buhinduzi babyitondeye. Hanyuma ku itariki ya 3 Nzeri 1949, umuvandimwe Knorr yatumije inama y’abari bahagarariye imiryango yakoreshwaga n’Abahamya ba Yehova, uw’i New York n’uw’i Pennsylvania. Yabatangarije ko abari bagize Komite yahinduye Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya barangije guhindura Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo mu rurimi ruhuje n’igihe tugezemo, kandi ko bari bashyikirije umuryango wa Watch Tower Society ubwo buhinduzi kugira ngo ubusohore.b Bari barahinduye bundi bushya bahereye ku mwandiko w’umwimerere w’ikigiriki.

Ese koko hari hakenewe ubundi buhinduzi? Icyo gihe Bibiliya yuzuye yari yarasohotse mu ndimi 190, kandi ibice byayo byari byarahinduwe nibura mu ndimi 928. Abahamya ba Yehova bari barakoresheje ubwo buhinduzi hafi ya bwose. Ariko ubwo buhinduzi hafi ya bwose bwari bwarahinduwe n’abayobozi b’amadini n’abamisiyonari bo mu madini yiyita aya gikristo, kandi mu rugero runaka bwarimo ibitekerezo by’abapagani n’imigenzo idashingiye ku Byanditswe amadini yabo yakomoye mu madini ya kera, kandi bwarimo ibitekerezo bibogamye by’abajoraga Bibiliya. Byongeye kandi, inyandiko za Bibiliya zandikishijwe intoki za kera kurusha izindi kandi ziringirwa zagendaga ziboneka. Ubushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo bwari bwaratumye abantu barushaho gusobanukirwa ikigiriki cyakoreshwaga mu kinyejana cya mbere. Nanone indimi ubwo buhinduzi bubonekamo zigenda zihinduka uko imyaka igenda ihita.

Abahamya ba Yehova bifuzaga ubuhinduzi bwari buhuje n’ubumenyi intiti mu bya Bibiliya zari zimaze kugeraho, butarimo inyigisho n’imigenzo y’amadini yiyita aya gikristo, ubuhinduzi buhindura ijambo ku rindi bugaragaza mu budahemuka igitekerezo cyo mu mwandiko w’umwimerere, ku buryo bwashoboraga gutuma abantu bakomeza kunguka ubumenyi nyakuri ku byerekeye Imana, kandi umusomyi wo muri iki gihe yabusoma agahita asobanukirwa bitamugoye. Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya bw’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo bwasohotse mu mwaka wa 1950, bwari bwujuje ibyo byose, nibura ku birebana n’icyo gice cya Bibiliya. Igihe Abahamya ba Yehova batangiraga kubukoresha, abantu benshi barabwishimiye cyane, bidatewe gusa n’uko bwakoreshaga ururimi ruhuje n’igihe tugezemo basomaga bitabagoye, ahubwo nanone bitewe n’uko bahitaga basobanukirwa icyo Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe rivuga.

Kimwe mu bintu bihebuje biranga ubwo buhinduzi, ni uko bwashubije izina bwite ry’Imana, ari ryo Yehova, ahantu 237 ryabonekaga mu Byanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo. Ubwo buhinduzi si bwo bwa mbere bwari bukoresheje izina ry’Imana.c Ariko bushobora kuba ari bwo bwa mbere bwari burishubije aho ryabonekaga hose mu mwandiko w’ibanze kuva muri Matayo kugeza mu Byahishuwe. Ibisobanuro birambuye byatanzwe kuri iyo ngingo mu iriburiro byagaragaje impamvu zumvikana zatumye babigenza batyo.

Nyuma yaho, Ibyanditswe by’igiheburayo na byo byahinduwe mu cyongereza, bigenda bisohoka buhoro buhoro, bisohoka mu mibumbe itanu uhereye mu mwaka wa 1953. Bihatiye guhindura ijambo ku rindi bumvikanisha igitekerezo cyo mu mwandiko w’umwimerere uko bishoboka kose nk’uko bari barabigenje bahindura Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo. Bihatiye by’umwihariko guhindura amagambo kimwe, bakumvikanisha neza igikorwa cyangwa imimerere byagaragajwe n’inshinga, kandi bagakoresha imvugo yoroheje abasomyi bo muri iki gihe bashobora gusobanukirwa bitabagoye. Aho inyuguti enye z’igiheburayo zabonekaga mu mwandiko w’igiheburayo hose, zahindurwaga hakoreshejwe izina bwite ry’Imana, aho kurisimbuza andi mazina yari amenyerewe mu bundi buhinduzi bwinshi. Umugereka hamwe n’ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku mapaji byari muri iyo mibumbe byatumaga abantu biyigishaga Bibiliya babyitondeye bashobora kumenya impamvu amagambo yakoreshejwe.

Ku itariki ya 13 Werurwe 1960, abari bagize Komite yahinduye Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya barangije gusoma umwandiko w’igice cya Bibiliya cyari kigize umubumbe wa gatanu ari na wo wa nyuma. Hari hashize imyaka 12, amezi 3 n’iminsi 11 uhereye igihe batangiriye guhindura Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo. Nyuma y’amezi make, uwo mubumbe wa nyuma w’Ibyanditswe by’igiheburayo waracapwe, urasohoka kugira ngo utangwe.

Aho kugira ngo iyo komite y’ubuhinduzi iseswe uwo mushinga urangiye, abayigize bakomeje imirimo. Bongeye gusubiramo ubuhinduzi bwose. Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1961, umuryango wa Watch Tower Society wasohoye Bibiliya yuzuye y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya, isohoka ari umubumbe umwe usubiwemo. Bayitangiraga idolari rimwe ry’Abanyamerika, kugira ngo buri wese ashobore kubona kopi y’Ijambo ry’Imana uko ubukungu bwe bwaba bungana kose.

Hashize imyaka ibiri hasohotse icapwa ryihariye ry’iyo Bibiliya ryari kujya rikoreshwa mu kwiyigisha Bibiliya. Iyo Bibiliya yari ikubiyemo imibumbe yose itarasubiwemo hamwe n’ibisobanuro by’ingirakamaro ahagana hasi ku mapaji bibarirwa mu bihumbi, ikagira ijambo ry’ibanze n’umugereka. Nanone yari irimo impuzamirongo z’ingirakamaro zarangiraga umusomyi amagambo, ibitekerezo cyangwa inkuru bisa, ibisobanuro ku birebana n’abantu, uturere n’isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi bivugwa muri Bibiliya, n’amagambo yasubiwemo uko yakabaye muri icyo gice cyangwa mu bindi bice bya Bibiliya.

Uhereye igihe yasohokeye mu mwaka wa 1961 ari umubumbe umwe, yasubiwemo incuro enye. Iheruka gusubirwamo mu mwaka wa 1984, igihe hasohokaga Bibiliya ifite inyuguti nini n’umugereka urimo ibisobanuro birambuye n’impuzamirongo 125.000, ibisobanuro byo hasi ku ipaji 11.400 n’irangiro ry’amagambo. Ibyo byose byafashaga abigishwa ba Bibiliya gusobanukirwa impamvu imirongo inyuranye yahinduwe mu buryo runaka kugira ngo yumvikanishe neza igitekerezo n’igihe ishobora guhindurwa mu buryo burenze bumwe kandi bwose ari ukuri. Nanone izo mpuzamirongo zibafasha kwibonera ukuntu ibitabo binyuranye bya Bibiliya bihuza.

Abari bagize Komite yahinduye Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya bashyizeho imihati ivuye ku mutima kugira ngo bafashe abantu bakunda Ijambo ry’Imana gusobanukirwa ibyari bikubiye mu mwandiko w’umwimerere w’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo (wanditswe mu kigiriki cyavugwaga na rubanda), basohora Bibiliya yagaragazaga umwandiko w’umwimerere n’uw’icyongereza (The Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures). Abahamya basohoye iyo Bibiliya bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 1969, yongera kuvugururwa mu wa 1985. Yari irimo umwandiko w’Isezerano Rishya mu kigiriki cy’umwimerere wakusanyijwe na B. F. Westcott afatanyije na F. J. A. Hort (The New Testament in the Original Greek). Ku ruhande rw’iburyo bw’ipaji hari umwandiko wa Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya (wo muri Bibiliya yavuguruwe yo mu wa 1984). Hanyuma hagati y’imirongo y’ikigiriki bashyiragamo umwandiko w’ubuhinduzi bw’icyongereza bugaragaza ibisobanuro by’ibanze bya buri jambo ry’ikigiriki hakurikijwe imikoreshereze yaryo mu kibonezamvugo. Ibyo bituma n’abantu biyigisha Bibiliya badashobora gusoma ikigiriki bamenya icyo mu by’ukuri umwandiko w’umwimerere w’ikigiriki wavugaga.

Ese iyo mihati yashyizweho mu guhindura Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya yari kugirira akamaro gusa abashobora gusoma icyongereza? Mu turere twinshi, abamisiyonari b’Abahamya ba Yehova bahuraga n’ikibazo cyo kubona Bibiliya zihagije zo guha abantu bifuzaga kubona kopi y’Ijambo ry’Imana mu rurimi rwabo kavukire. Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe wasangaga abo bamisiyonari ari bo bafataga iya mbere mu gutanga Bibiliya zacapwe n’indi miryango ya Bibiliya. Ariko si ko buri gihe abanyamadini bari bahagarariye iyo miryango babibonaga neza. Byongeye kandi zimwe muri izo Bibiliya ntizari zihinduye neza.

Ihindurwa mu zindi ndimi

Mu mwaka wa 1961 igihe Bibiliya yuzuye y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya yasohokaga mu mubumbe umwe, abahinduzi bari bamenyereye bahurijwe hamwe kugira ngo bahindure umwandiko w’icyongereza mu zindi ndimi esheshatu zakoreshwaga cyane ku isi, ari zo igiholandi, igifaransa, ikidage, igitaliyani, igiporutugali n’icyesipanyoli. Bashoboraga guhindura bahereye ku mwandiko w’icyongereza kandi bakagereranya n’igiheburayo n’ikigiriki, kubera ko abahinduye mu cyongereza bari barahinduye ijambo ku rindi. Abo bahinduzi bakoreraga muri komite mpuzamahanga yakoreraga ku cyicaro gikuru i Brooklyn muri New York, bagakorana n’abari bagize komite yahinduye Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya. Mu mwaka wa 1963 Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo byasohotse muri izo ndimi esheshatu.

Mu mwaka wa 1992 Bibiliya yuzuye y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya yabonekaga mu ndimi 12, ari zo igiceki, ikidanwa, igiholandi, icyongereza, igifaransa, ikidage, igitaliyani, ikiyapani, igiporutugali, igisilovaki, icyesipanyoli n’igisuwede. Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo byaboneka mu zindi ndimi ebyiri. Ibyo byasobanuraga ko abantu bagera kuri 1.400.000.000, ni ukuvuga abarenga kimwe cya kane cy’abatuye isi, bashoboraga kubona ubwo buhinduzi mu ndimi zabo kavukire, kandi abandi benshi bashoboraga kungukirwa n’ubwo buhinduzi, kuko imirongo imwe n’imwe yabwo yahindurwaga mu zindi ndimi 97 mu Munara w’Umurinzi. Icyakora abasomaga izo ndimi 97 bifuzaga cyane kubona Bibiliya yuzuye y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya mu ndimi zabo. Mu mwaka wa 1992, hariho gahunda yo guhindura iyo Bibiliya mu ndimi 16 muri izo no kurangiza guhindura Ibyanditswe by’igiheburayo mu ndimi ebyiri zari zifite Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo gusa.

Kubera ko izo Bibiliya zacapirwaga mu macapiro y’Abahamya zigacapwa n’abitangiye imirimo, zashoboraga gutangwa ku giciro kiri hasi cyane. Mu mwaka wa 1972 Umuhamya wo muri Otirishiya yeretse umukozi wo mu icapiro Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya mu kidage, maze amubaza amafaranga atekereza ko iyo Bibiliya yagura. Uwo mukozi yatangajwe no kumenya ko iyo Bibiliya yatangwaga ku mpano ingana na kimwe cy’icumi gusa cy’igiciro yari yavuze.

Dore zimwe mu ngero zigaragaza ibyagezweho bitewe n’ubwo buhinduzi. Mu Bufaransa, Kiliziya Gatolika yari imaze ibinyejana byinshi ibuza abakirisitu basanzwe gutunga Bibiliya. Bibiliya zahinduwe n’Abagatolika zabonekaga icyo gihe, zabaga zihenze ugereranyije kandi zabonekaga mu ngo nke. Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya bw’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo yasohotse mu gifaransa mu mwaka wa 1963, mu mwaka wa 1974 hasohoka Bibiliya yuzuye. Byageze mu mwaka wa 1992 mu Bufaransa haroherejweyo kopi 2.437.711 za Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya kugira ngo zitangwe, kandi muri icyo gihe Abahamya ba Yehova bo mu Bufaransa bari bariyongereyeho 488 ku ijana, basigaye ari 119.674.

Uko ni na ko byari bimeze mu Butaliyani. Abaturage baho bari baramaze imyaka myinshi barabujijwe gutunga kopi ya Bibiliya. Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya imaze gusohoka mu gitaliyani, byageze mu mwaka wa 1992 hamaze gutangwa kopi 3.597.220; inyinshi muri zo zikaba zari Bibiliya yuzuye. Abantu bifuzaga kwigenzurira ibikubiye mu Ijambo ry’Imana. Birashishikaje kumenya ko muri icyo gihe, Abahamya ba Yehova bo mu Butaliyani biyongereye cyane, bakava ku 7.801 bakagera ku 194.013.

Igihe Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya bw’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo yasohokaga mu giporutugali, muri Burezili hari Abahamya 30.118 gusa naho muri Porutugali hari 1.798. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho kugeza mu wa 1992, hatanzwe kopi 213.438 z’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo na kopi 4.153.738 za Bibiliya yuzuye mu giporutugali, zihabwa abantu n’amatorero yo muri ibyo bihugu. Ibyo byageze ku ki? Muri Burezili, abasingiza Yehova bikubye incuro zirenga 11, muri Porutugali bikuba incuro zirenga 22. Abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi byinshi batari barigeze batunga Bibiliya bishimiye kuyihabwa, abandi bo bishimiye kubona Bibiliya yakoreshaga amagambo bumva neza. Igihe Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya irimo impuzamirongo yasohokaga muri Burezili, itangazamakuru ryatangaje ko ari bwo buhinduzi bwuzuye kurusha ubundi mu gihugu (bufite impuzamirongo n’ibisobanuro byinshi ahagana hasi ku mapaji). Nanone ryavuze ko hacapwe kopi zayo nyinshi zikubye incuro icumi izindi Bibiliya zabonekaga mu gihugu.

Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya bw’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo mu cyesipanyoli yasohotse mu mwaka wa 1963, hanyuma Bibiliya yuzuye isohoka mu wa 1967. Hacapwe kopi 527.451 z’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo, hanyuma bigera mu mwaka wa 1992, hamaze gucapwa kopi 17.445.782 za Bibiliya yuzuye mu cyesipanyoli. Ibyo byagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutuma abasingiza Yehova biyongera cyane mu bihugu bivuga icyesipanyoli. Bityo, kuva mu mwaka wa 1963 kugera mu wa 1992, mu bihugu bivugwamo icyesipanyoli Abahamya ba Yehova babwirizagamo, umubare wabo wariyongereye bava ku 82.106 bagera ku 942.551. Kandi no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mu mwaka wa 1992 hari abandi Bahamya ba Yehova 130.224 bavuga icyesipanyoli.

Mu bihugu byiganjemo amadini yiyita aya gikristo si ho honyine abantu bakiranye ibyishimo Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya. Bibiliya imaze gusohoka mu kiyapani, mu mwaka wa mbere ibiro by’ishami byo mu Buyapani byasabwe kopi zigera ku bihumbi 500.

Mu mwaka wa 1992 hari hamaze gucapwa kopi 70.105.258 za Bibiliya yuzuye y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya, icyo gihe ikaba yarabonekaga mu ndimi 12. Nanone hari haracapwe kopi 8.819.080 z’ibice by’ubwo buhinduzi.

Bibiliya icapwa mu buryo butandukanye

Igihe Abahamya ba Yehova batangiraga gukoresha orudinateri mu mwaka wa 1977, byihutishije imirimo yo gusohora Bibiliya n’ibindi bitabo. Byafashije abahinduzi guhindura amagambo amwe mu buryo bumwe kurusha mbere, kandi byatumye bashobora gucapa Bibiliya mu buryo butandukanye bitagoranye.

Igihe umwandiko wuzuye wa Bibiliya wari umaze kwinjizwa muri orudinateri, byari byoroshye gukoresha imashini icapa ikoreshwa na orudinateri mu gucapa umwandiko mu bunini no mu buryo butandukanye. Mu mwaka wa 1981, ku ncuro ya mbere hacapwe Bibiliya isanzwe mu cyongereza ifite irangiro ry’amagambo n’ibindi bisobanuro by’ingirakamaro bikubiye mu mugereka. Ni yo ya mbere Abahamya ba Yehova bari bacapye bakoresheje imashini igezweho. Mu mwaka wa 1984 igihe bari bamaze gukosora umwandiko wo muri orudinateri, bacapye Bibiliya ifite inyuguti nini mu cyongereza, irimo ingingo nyinshi z’ingirakamaro zo gukoreramo ubushakashatsi. Nanone muri uwo mwaka bacapye iyo Bibiliya bari bakosoye mu nyuguti zisanzwe bashyiramo impuzamirongo n’irangiro ry’amagambo ariko ntibashyiramo ibisobanuro hasi ku mapaji, kandi umugereka wayo wari ugenewe gukoreshwa mu murimo wo kubwiriza aho gukoreshwa mu kwiyigisha mu buryo bwimbitse. Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1987, hasohotse Bibiliya nto mu cyongereza yari igenewe abantu bifuzaga Bibiliya nto bashobora gutwara mu mufuka. Izo Bibiliya zose zahise zicapwa no mu zindi ndimi.

Nanone hashyizweho imihati yo gufasha abantu bari bafite ibibazo byihariye. Mu mwaka wa 1985 hasohotse imibumbe ine minini ya Bibiliya yuzuye y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya mu cyongereza kugira ngo bafashe abantu batabona neza bakenera inyuguti nini. Bidatinze iyo Bibiliya yacapwe mu kidage, mu gifaransa, mu cyesipanyoli no mu kiyapani. Mbere yaho, mu mwaka wa 1983, hari harasohotse imibumbe ine y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya bw’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo mu nyandiko y’abatabona y’icyongereza yo ku rwego rwa kabiri. Mu myaka itanu yakurikiyeho, Bibiliya yuzuye y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya mu nyandiko y’abatabona y’icyongereza yasohotse mu mibumbe 18.

Ese hari abantu bari kungukirwa no gutega amatwi Bibiliya yafashwe amajwi? Yego rwose! Ni yo mpamvu Abahamya ba Yehova bahise batangira gufata amajwi Bibiliya. Kaseti ya mbere yafatiweho amajwi yari iy’Ubutumwa bwiza bwanditswe na Yohana mu cyongereza, yasohotse mu mwaka wa 1978. Nyuma y’igihe Bibiliya yuzuye y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya mu cyongereza yasohotse ku makaseti 75. Bidatinze, uwo murimo wari watangiye ari igikorwa cyoroheje, wafashe intera ndende. Nyuma y’igihe gito yari imaze kuboneka no mu zindi ndimi. Mu mwaka wa 1992, Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya yose uko yakabaye cyangwa ibice byayo, yabonekaga kuri kaseti mu ndimi 14. Mu mizo ya mbere, bimwe mu biro by’amashami byashakaga amasosiyete y’ubucuruzi akaba ari yo ashyira Bibiliya ku makaseti. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 1992, Abahamya ba Yehova bari barakoze amakaseti asaga 31.000.000 bakoresheje ibikoresho byabo bwite.

Inyungu zo gushyira Bibiliya ku makaseti n’ukuntu ayo makaseti yakoreshejwe, byarenze ibyari byitezwe. Mu bice byose by’isi, abantu bakoreshaga ibyuma bisohora amajwi ari kuri kaseti. Ibyo byatumye abantu benshi batari bazi gusoma bungukirwa n’Ijambo ry’Imana ryera. Abagore bashoboraga gutega amatwi ayo makaseti bari mu turimo two rugo. Abagabo bazumvaga bari mu modoka bagiye ku kazi. Ubushobozi bwo kwigisha bw’Abahamya benshi bwariyongereye bitewe n’uko bategaga amatwi Ijambo ry’Imana buri gihe bakumva uko amazina yo muri Bibiliya avugwa n’uko imirongo y’Ibyanditswe isomwa.

Mu mwaka wa 1992, Bibiliya z’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya zacapwaga mu buryo butandukanye, zigacapirwa mu macapiro y’Abahamya ba Yehova yari muri Amerika ya Ruguru n’iy’Epfo, mu Burayi no mu Burasirazuba. Hari hamaze gucapwa kopi za Bibiliya 78.924.338 kugira ngo zitangwe. I Brooklyn honyine, hari imashini eshatu nini zicapa zihuta cyane zari zarahariwe gucapa Bibiliya. Zose hamwe zashoboraga gucapa kopi za Bibiliya 7.900 mu isaha, kandi iyo byabaga ngombwa abakozi barakuranwaga kugira ngo ayo mamashini akomeze gukora.

Icyakora Abahamya ba Yehova bakora ibirenze guha abantu Bibiliya ishobora kuzashyirwa mu kabati k’ibitabo bikarangirira aho. Ahubwo nanone bigisha Bibiliya ku buntu umuntu wese ushishikajwe no kumenya Bibiliya, yaba atunze kopi yahawe n’Abahamya ba Yehova cyangwa yarayivanye ahandi. Icyakora ntibigisha abantu ubuziraherezo. Abigishwa bamwe bafatana uburemere ibyo biga, bakaba Abahamya babatijwe hanyuma na bo bakigisha abandi. Iyo abigishwa bamaze amezi runaka bigishwa ariko ntibagire amajyambere ashyize mu gaciro mu birebana no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo biga, akenshi bareka kubigisha kugira ngo bite ku bandi bashimishijwe by’ukuri. Mu mwaka wa 1992, Abahamya ba Yehova bigishaga Bibiliya ku buntu abantu bagera kuri 4.278.127, baba abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa abagize umuryango, ubusanzwe bakaba barabigishaga buri cyumweru.

Nguko uko Abahamya ba Yehova basohoye Bibiliya bakazitanga kandi bakigisha abantu Ijambo ry’Imana ryera kurusha indi miryango iyo ari yo yose.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 609]

Bahindura bundi bushya

Igihe umubumbe wa mbere w’“Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya bw’Ibyanditswe by’igiheburayo” wasohokaga, intiti mu bya Bibiliya y’Umwongereza witwa Alexander Thomson yaranditse ati “ubuhinduzi bw’Ibyanditswe by’igiheburayo mu cyongereza bwahinduwe buvanywe mu mwandiko w’umwimerere ni buke cyane. Ni yo mpamvu twishimiye cyane kubona igice cya mbere cy’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya [bw’Ibyanditswe by’igiheburayo], kuva mu Ntangiriro kugeza muri Rusi. . . . Uko bigaragara, abahinduye iyi Bibiliya bashyizeho imihati yihariye kugira ngo ubwo buhinduzi busomeke neza. Nta muntu n’umwe wakwihandagaza ngo avuge ko ubwo buhinduzi atari bushya kandi ko atari umwimerere. Amagambo yakoreshejwe muri ubwo buhinduzi ntashingiye ku yakoreshejwe mu buhinduzi bwabubanjirije.”—“The Differentiator,” Kamena 1954, p. 131.

[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 610]

“Umwandiko ukoresha amagambo agusha ku ngingo”

Thomas N. Winter wo muri kaminuza ya Nebraska yasuzumye Bibiliya yagaragazaga umwandiko w’umwimerere n’uw’icyongereza (“The Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures”) maze arandika ati “iyo si Bibiliya isanzwe igaragaza gusa umwandiko w’umwimerere n’uw’icyongereza, ahubwo abahinduzi babaye indahemuka ku magambo y’umwimerere kandi icyongereza kigaragara hasi kiba cyerekeza ku bisobanuro by’ibanze by’ijambo ry’ikigiriki. Bityo iyo Bibiliya si ubuhinduzi gusa. Birakwiriye ko tuvuga ko ari umwandiko ukoresha amagambo agusha ku ngingo. Kuri buri paji ahagana iburyo haba hari inkingi nto igaragaza ubuhinduzi bw’icyongereza cy’umwimerere. . . .

“Uwo mwandiko bawuhinduye bifashishije uwa Brooke F. Westcott n’uwa Fenton J. A. Hort (wongeye gucapwa mu wa 1881), ariko ubwo buhinduzi bwakozwe na komite itazwi buhora buhuje n’igihe kandi amagambo yose aba ahinduye mu buryo bumwe buhuje n’ukuri.”—“The Classical Journal,” Mata-Gicurasi 1974, p. 375-376.

[Ifoto]

Iyacapwe mu mwaka wa 1969 n’iyacapwe mu wa 1985

[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 611]

Ibyavuzwe n’intiti mu rurimi rw’igiheburayo

Mu mwaka wa 1989 umwarimu wo muri kaminuza uba muri Isirayeli witwa Dr. Benjamin Kedar akaba ari intiti mu rurimi rw’igiheburayo, yavuze ibyerekeye Bibiliya y’“Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya” agira ati “mu bushakashatsi nakoze ku bihereranye na Bibiliya y’igiheburayo n’ukuntu yagiye ihindurwa nagiye nifashisha Bibiliya y’icyongereza yitwa ‘Ubuhinduzi by’isi nshya.’ Igihe nayigenzuraga, incuro nyinshi nagiye mbona ibintu binyemeza ko abahinduye iyo Bibiliya bashyizeho imihati izira uburyarya bahindura umwandiko mu buryo bwumvikana kandi buhuje n’ukuri uko bishoboka kose. Iyo Bibiliya igaragaza ko abayihinduye bumvaga neza ururimi rw’umwimerere kuko bahinduye amagambo yo mu rurimi rw’umwimerere mu buryo bwumvikana bayashyira mu rurimi bahinduramo, ntibatandukire uko interuro zubatse mu giheburayo bitari ngombwa. . . . Buri gitekerezo cyo mu rurimi runaka gishobora gusobanurwa cyangwa guhindurwa mu buryo butandukanye. Akaba ari yo mpamvu umwanzuro ufatwa wo guhindura ahantu runaka mu buryo ubu n’ubu, ushobora kugibwaho impaka. Ariko muri Bibiliya y’‘Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya’ sinigeze mbona aho abahinduzi bahinduye mu buryo bushobora gutuma humvikanisha ibitekerezo bitarimo.”

[Imbonerahamwe zo ku ipaji ya 613]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu gitabo)

Ukwiyongera kw’Abahamya uhereye igihe Bibiliya y’“Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya” yasohokeye

U Bufaransa

150.000

100.000

50.000

1963 1970 1980 1992

U Butaliyani

150.000

100.000

50.000

1963 1970 1980 1992

Porutugali na Burezili

300.000

200.000

100.000

1963 1970 1980 1992

Ibihugu bivuga icyesipanyoli

900.000

600.000

300.000

1963 1970 1980 1992

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 604]

Bumwe mu buhinduzi bwakoreshwaga n’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya ba mbere

Ubuhinduzi bwa Young buhinduye ijambo ku rindi

Ubuhinduzi bwa Leeser (icyongereza kibangikanye n’igiheburayo)

“Isezerano Rishya” rya Tischendorf (rigaragaza uburyo butandukanye umurongo wanditswemo mu nyandiko za kera z’ikigiriki zandikishijwe intoki MSS)

Ubuhinduzi bwa Murdock (bwakoresheje umwandiko wa kera w’igisiriya)

Ubuhinduzi bwa “The Emphatic Diaglott” (bwahinduwe mu cyongereza buvanywe mu kigiriki)

Ubuhinduzi bwa Variorum Bible (bugaragaza uburyo butandukanye amagambo yahinduwemo mu cyongereza)

Ubuhinduzi bwa “The Newberry Bible” (bufite ibisobanuro by’ingirakamaro ku mikika y’amapaji)

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 605]

Iriburiro ry’ubuhinduzi bwa Rotherham “New Testament” bwacapiwe umuryango wa Watch Tower Society 1890

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 606]

Ubuhinduzi bwa Holman bwagaragazaga n’umwandiko w’umwimerere (Holman Linear Parallel Edition) bwacapwe mu mwaka wa 1902 bisabwe n’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 606]

Ubuhinduzi bwa “King James Version” bwarimo n’irangiro ryateguwe n’Abahamya ba Yehova (1942)

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 607]

Ubuhinduzi bukoresha izina ry’Imana, ari ryo Yehova, incuro zirenga 6.870 (“American Standard Version”) bwacapwe n’Abahamya ba Yehova (1944)

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 607]

Ubuhinduzi bwa Byington (1972)

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 608]

“Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya,” bwasohotse bwa mbere mu cyongereza mu mibumbe itandatu, kuva mu mwaka wa 1950 kugeza mu wa 1960; nyuma yaho busohoka mu mubumbe umwe ugenewe abiyigisha Bibiliya

Yasohotse ari umubumbe umwe mu mwaka wa 1961

Bibiliya ifite inyuguti nini irimo impuzamirongo zifasha umuntu kwiyigisha, yasohotse mu mwaka wa 1984

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 612]

Bibiliya y’“Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya” yagiye iboneka no mu zindi ndimi

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 614]

“Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya” mu nyuguti nini cyane

. . . mu nyandiko y’abatabona

. . . kuri kaseti

. . . kuri disiketi za orudinateri