Impamvu Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba Rifite Icyo Risobanura Kuri Wowe

YESU KRISTO yashyizeho umuhango w’Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba mu ijoro rya nyuma ry’ubuzima bwe bwa kimuntu. Ibyo byabaye ku wa Kane nimugoroba, ku itariki ya 31 Werurwe, kandi Yesu yapfuye ku wa Gatanu nyuma ya saa sita ku itariki ya 1 Mata. Ubwo iminsi ya Kiyahudi itangira ku mugoroba ikarangira ku mugoroba ukurikiyeho, ni ukuvuga Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba hamwe n’urupfu rwa Yesu byombi byabaye ku wa 14 Nisani, mu mwaka wa 33 w’igihe cyacu.

Kuki Yesu yashyizeho uwo muhango? Umugati na divayi byakoreshejwe icyo gihe bisobanura iki? Ni nde ugomba kuryaho no kunywaho? Uwo muhango ugomba kwizihizwa incuro zingahe? Kandi se, ni gute kuri wowe uwo muhango ushobora kugira icyo usobanura?

Kuki Washyizweho?

Ku byerekeye iryo Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba, Yesu yabwiye intumwa ze ati “Mujye mukorera mutya kugira ngo munyibuke.” Dukurikije ubundi buhinduzi bwa Bibiliya, yaravuze ati “Mujye mukora mutya kugira ngo bibe urwibutso ryo kunyibuka” (1 Abakorinto 11:​24; Bibiliya yitwa The New English Bible). Koko rero, Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba rikunze kwerekezwa ku Rwibutso rw’urupfu rwa Kristo.

Yesu yapfuye ari indahemuka nta gutezuka ku butware bw’ikirenga bwa Yehova, bityo agaragaza ko Satani ari umunyabinyoma n’umukobanyi ubwo yihaga gushinja abantu bakiranuka avuga ko bakorera Imana ku bw’inyungu zabo gusa (Yobu 2:​1-5). Urupfu rwe rwanejeje umutima wa Yehova.​—⁠Imigani 27:⁠11.

Binyuriye ku rupfu rwe ari umuntu utunganye, nanone Yesu ‘yatanze ubugingo bwe kuba incungu ya benshi’ (Matayo 20:​28). Mu gucumura ku Mana, umuntu wa mbere yatakaje ubuzima bwa kimuntu hamwe n’ibyari bibutegerejweho. Ariko kandi, “Imana yakunz’ abari mw isi [y’abantu] cyane, byatumy’ itang’ Umwana wayo w’ikinege, kugira ng’ ūmwizera wes’ atarimbuka, ahubg’ ahabg’ ubugingo buhoraho” (Yohana 3:​16). Ni koko, ‘ibihembo by’ibyaha ni urupfu, ariko impano y’Imana ni ubugingo buhoraho muri Yesu Kristo Umwami wacu.’​—⁠Abaroma 6:⁠23.

“Icyo [Y]ahawe n’Umwami”

Amagambo y’intumwa Paulo atuma iby’urwibutso rw’urupfu rwa Kristo birushaho gusobanuka. Aragira ati “Icyo nahawe n’Umwami wacu kumenya, ni cyo nabahaye namwe, yuk’ Umwami Yesu, ijoro bamugambaniyemo, yenz’ umutsima, akawushimira, akawumanyagura, akavug’ ati: Uyu n’ umubiri wanjy’ ubatangiwe: mujye mukorera mutya kugira ngo munyibuke. N’igikombe akigenz’ atyo, bamaze kurya, ati: Iki gikombe n’ isezerano rishya ryo mu maraso yanjye; mujye mukora mutya, uko muzajya munyweraho, kugira ngo munyibuke. Uko muzajya mury’ uwo mutsima, mukanywera kur’icyo gikombe, muzaba mwerekan’ urupfu rw’Umwami Yesu kugez’ ahw azazira.”​—⁠1 Abakorinto 11:​23-26.

Kubera ko Paulo atari kumwe na Yesu hamwe n’intumwa 11 ku wa 14 Nisani mu wa 33 w’igihe cyacu, birumvikana ko iyo nkuru ‘yayimenyeshejwe n’Umwami’ mu buryo bwo kwerekwa. Yesu yashyizeho umuhango w’Urwibutso mu ‘ijoro [Yuda] yamugambaniyemo’ ku banzi be b’Ababayahudi b’abanyedini, bo boheje Abaroma kumanika Kristo. Abari bemerewe kurya no kunywa ku mugati na divayi by’ikigereranyo bari kujya bagenza batyo kugira ngo bamwibuke.

Ibyo Byari Kuzajya Bikorwa Incuro Zingahe?

Ni iki Paulo yashakaga kuvuga ubwo yagiraga ati “Uko muzajya mury’ uwo mutsima, mukanywera kur’icyo gikombe, muzaba mwerekan’ urupfu rw’Umwami Yesu kugez’ ahw azazira”? Abakristo basizwe b’indahemuka bari ‘kuzajya’ bafata kuri ibyo bigereranyo by’urwibutso kugeza igihe bapfiriye, nyuma y’aho bakaba bari kuzukira guhabwa ubuzima bwo mu ijuru. Muri ubwo buryo, bari kuzajya berekanira imbere y’Imana n’isi ko bizera igitambo cya Yesu cyaringanijwe n’Imana. Mu gihe kingana iki? Paulo yavuze ko bari “kugez’ ahw azazira,” uko bigaragara bikaba bishaka kuvuga ko ibyo byari gukomeza gukorwa kugeza ubwo Yesu yari kugaruka aje gufata abigishwa be basizwe kugira ngo abajyane mu ijuru binyuriye ku muzuko mu gihe cy’ “ukuhaba kwe” (1 Abatesalonike 4:​14-17, Traduction monde nouveau). Ibyo bihuje n’amagambo Yesu yabwiye intumwa ze z’indahemuka 11 agira ati “Ubgo ngiye kubategurir’ ahanyu, nzagaruka mbajyan’ i wanjye, ngw aho ndi, namwe muzabeyo.”​—⁠Yohana 14:⁠3.

Mbese, urupfu rwa Yesu rwari kuzajya rwibukwa buri munsi, cyangwa se wenda buri cyumweru? Yesu yashyizeho umuhango w’Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba kandi yicwa kuri Pasika yari urwibutso rwo kubohorwa kw’Abisirayeli bavanwa mu bubata bwo muri Egiputa. Ni yo mpamvu yitwa ‘Kristo Pasika yacu’ bitewe n’uko ari Umwana w’Intama w’igitambo ku Bakristo (1 Abakorinto 5:⁠7). Pasika yizihizwaga incuro imwe gusa mu mwaka, ku wa 14 Nisani (Kuva 12:​6, 14; Abalewi 23:⁠5). Ibyo birumvikanisha ko urupfu rwa Yesu rwagombaga kujya rwibukwa incuro imwe gusa nk’uko byari bisanzwe bigenda ku byerekeye Pasika​—⁠ni ukuvuga incuro imwe mu mwaka, nta bwo ari buri munsi cyangwa buri cyumweru.

Mu binyejana byinshi, hari benshi biyitaga Abakristo bagiye bibuka urupfu rwa Yesu incuro imwe mu mwaka. Kubera ko babikoraga ku wa 14 Nisani, babitaga ba Quartodecimans (soma kortodesamansi), bisobanurwa ngo “abanyacumi na kane.” Ku byerekeye abo bantu, umuhanga mu by’amateka witwa J. L. von Mosheim yaranditse ati “Abakristo bo muri Aziya Ntoya bari bafite akamenyero ko kwizihiza uwo munsi mukuru wera, wari urwibutso rw’umuhango w’ifunguro ry’Umwami, n’urupfu rwa Yesu Kristo, bahuje n’igihe Abayahudi bariragaho umwana w’intama wa Pasika, ni ukuvuga ku mugoroba w’umunsi wa cumi n’ine w’ukwezi kwa mbere [Nisani]. . . . Bumvaga ko gukurikiza urugero rwa Kristo ari nk’itegeko basabwa kubahiriza.”

Icyo Umugati na Divayi Bisobanura

Paulo yavuze ko Yesu “yenz’ umutsima, akawushimira, akawumanyagura.” Uwo mugati wendaga kumera nk’ibisuguti bikozwe mu ifu n’amazi nta musemburo, wagombaga kumanyagurwa kugira ngo uribwe. Mu mvugo ya Bibiliya y’ikigereranyo, umusemburo ushushanya icyaha cyangwa umwanda. Ubwo Paulo yihanangirizaga Abakristo b’i Korinto abasaba kuvana umusambanyi mu itorero, yaravuze ati “Ntimuzi yukw agasemburo gake gatubur’ irobe ryose? Nuko nimwiyezeh’ umusemburo wa kera, kugira ngo mub’ irobe rishya; mube mutakirimw umusemburo wa kera koko: kuko Paska yacu yatambge, ari we Kristo. Nuko rero, tujye tuziririz’ iminsi mikuru, tudafit’ umusemburo wa kera, cyangw’ umusemburo ni wo gomwa n’ibibi, ahubgo tugir’ imitsim’ idasembuwe, ni yo kuri no kutaryarya” (1 Abakorinto 5:​6-8). Nk’uko agasemburo gake gatubura irobe ryose ryo gukoramo imigati, ni na ko itorero ryari kuba iryanduye mu maso y’Imana iyo riza kurekerwamo uwo munyabyaha wari ufite ibitekerezo byanduza. Bagombaga kuvana “umusemburo” muri bo, nk’uko Abisirayeli batagombaga kugira umusemburo mu mazu yabo mu gihe cy’Iminsi mikuru y’Imitsima Idasembuye yakurikiraga Pasika.

Ku byerekeye umutsima udasembuye w’Urwibutso, Yesu yaravuze ati ‘Uyu ni [ugereranya, MN] umubiri wanjye ubatangiwe’ (1 Abakorinto 11:​24). Umugati ugereranya umubiri utunganye wa Yesu, uwo Paulo yanditse ibiwerekeye agira ati “Ubgo Yesu yazaga mw isi, avug’ ati: Ibitambo n’amaturo ntiwabishatse, ahubgo wanyiteguriy’ umubiri. Ntiwishimiy’ ibitambo byokeje cyangw’ ibitambo by’ibyaha: mperako ndavuga nti: Dore ndaje, Mana, (mu muzingo w’igitabo ni ko byanditswe kuri jye) nzanywe no gukor’ iby’ ushaka. . . . Uko gushaka kw’Imana ni ko kwatumye twezwa, tubiheshejwe n’uk’ umubiri wa Yesu watambge rimwe gusa ngo bibe bihagij’ iteka” (Abaheburayo 10:​5-10). Umubiri wa kimuntu utunganye wa Yesu ntiwarangwagaho icyaha, kandi wabaye igitambo cy’incungu ku bantu.​—⁠Abaheburayo 7:⁠26.

Amaze gushimira igikombe cyarimo divayi itukura idafunguye, Yesu yaravuze ati ‘Iki gikombe ni [kigereranya, MN] isezerano rishya ryo mu maraso yanjye’ (1 Abakorinto 11:​25). Mu bundi buhinduzi uwo murongo uvugwa utya “Iki gikombe kigereranya isezerano rishya ryakomejwe n’amaraso yanjye” (Moffatt). Kimwe n’uko amaraso y’amapfizi n’ay’intama yatumaga isezerano ryari hagati y’Imana na Isirayeli rikomezwa, ni na ko amaraso ya Yesu yamenwe ubwo yapfaga yatumye isezerano rishya rikomezwa. Iby’iryo sezerano rishya bituma dushobora kumenya abakwiriye kurya ku mugati kandi bakanywa no kuri divayi by’Urwibutso.

Ni Nde Ugomba Kurya no Kunywa?

Abigishwa ba Yesu basizwe, bari mu isezerano rishya, ni bo bakwiriye kurya ku mugati no kunywa kuri divayi by’Urwubitso. Iryo sezerano ryakozwe hagati y’Imana na Isirayeli yo mu buryo bw’umwuka (Yeremia 31:​31-34; Abagalatia 6:​16). Ariko kandi, amaherezo isezerano rishya rizahesha imigisha abantu bose bumvira, kandi nawe ushobora kuba umwe mu bazahabwa iyo migisha.

Abarya ku mugati kandi bakanywa kuri divayi by’Urwibutso bagomba kuba bari mu isezerano ry’Ubwami rya Yesu. Igihe yashyiragaho uwo muhango, Yesu yabwiye intumwa ze z’indahemuka ati “Ngiranye namwe isezerano ry’Ubwami nk’uko Data yarigiranye nanjye” (Luka 22:​29, MN). Isezerano ry’Ubwami Imana yagiranye n’Umwami Dawidi ryashushanyaga iryari kuzaza ari ryo rya Yesu, we wari gutegeka iteka ryose, mu Bwami bw’ijuru. Abisirayeli bo mu buryo bw’umwuka 144.000 bari gutegekana na we, bavuzweho kuba bari bahagararanye n’Umwana w’Intama, Yesu Kristo, ku Musozi Siyoni. Nibamara kuzurwa, bazafatanya na Yesu gutegeka ari abami n’abatamyi (2 Samweli 7:​11-16; Ibyahishuwe 7:⁠4; 14:​1-4; 20:⁠6). Abari mu isezerano rishya kandi bakaba baranagiranye isezerano na Yesu ni bo bonyine bakwiriye kurya ku mugati no kunywa kuri divayi by’Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba.

Umwuka w’Imana uhamanya n’umwuka w’abasizwe ko ari abana bayo bakaba n’abaraganwa na Kristo. Paulo yaranditse ati “Umwuka w’Imana ubg [awo] [u] hamanya n’umwuka wacu, yuko tur’ abana b’Imana: kand’ ubgo tur’ abana bayo, turi n’abaragwa; ndetse tur’ abaragwa b’Imana; tur’ abaraganwa na Kristo, niba tubabarana na we, ngo duhānw’ ubgiza na we” (Abaroma 8:​16, 17). Umwuka w’Imana, cyangwa imbaraga zayo, utuma mu mitima y’abasizwe habamo icyizere kibahamiriza ko bagenewe ubuzima bw’iteka mu ijuru. Icyo Ibyanditswe bivuga ku bihereranye n’ubuzima bwo mu ijuru cyose babona kiberekeyeho kandi bakumva biteguye kwigomwa ibintu byose by’iyi si, harimo n’ubuzima bwa kimuntu. N’ubwo ubuzima bwo ku isi izaba yarahindutse Paradizo buzaba bwiza bihebuje, icyo cyiringiro ntibakigira (Luka 23:​43). Icyo cyiringiro gihamye kandi kidahinduka cy’ijuru, ntigishingiye ku bitekerezo bikocamye bya kidini bituma barya ku mugati kandi bakanywa kuri divayi by’Urwibutso.

Uwakwiha kuvuga ko ari umwe mu bahamagariwe kuba abami n’abatambyi mu ijuru kandi atarabihamagariwe, byababaza Yehova (Abaroma 9:⁠16; Ibyahishuwe 22:⁠5). Imana yishe Kora imuhoye ko yashakanaga ubwibone umurimo w’ubutambyi (Kuva 28:⁠1; Kubara 16:​4-11, 31-35). Ariko se, byagenda bite nk’igihe ibyiyumvo bikomeye cyangwa ibitekerezo bya kidini umuntu yahoranye mbere bitumye yibeshya agafata ku mugati na divayi by’Urwibutso? Uwo muntu yagombye guhita ahagarariraho maze agasenga Imana ayisaba imbabazi.​—⁠Zaburi 19:⁠13.

Ni Gute Ibyo Bigira Ingaruka Kuri Wowe

Kugira ngo umuntu agirirwe umumaro n’igitambo cy’incungu cya Yesu kandi ngo azahabwe ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi, si ngombwa ko yarya ku mugati no kunywa kuri divayi by’Urwibutso. Urugero, nta na hamwe Bibiliya igaragaza ko abantu batinyaga Imana nka Aburahamu, Sara, Isaka, Rebeka, Boazi, Rusi na Dawidi bazigera na rimwe bafata kuri ibyo bigereranyo. Icyakora, abo hamwe n’abandi bose bifuza kuzabona ubuzima bw’iteka kuri iyi si bagomba kwizera Imana na Kristo kandi bakizera igitambo cy’incungu cya Yesu cyaringanijwe na Yehova (Yohana 3:⁠36; 14:⁠1). Umuhango ukorwa buri mwaka uhereranye n’urupfu rwa Yesu ni uburyo bwo kwibuka icyo gitambo gikomeye.

Uruhare ruhare rw’ingenzi rw’igitambo cya Yesu rwagaragajwe n’intumwa Yohana ubwo yagiraga iti “Mbandikiriy’ ibyo, kugira ngo mudakor’ icyaha. Icyakora, ni hagir’ umunt’ ukor’ icyaha, dufit’ Umurengezi kuri Data wa twese, ni we Yesu Kristo ukiranuka. Uwo ni we mpongano y’ibyaha byacu, nyamara s’ ibyaha byacu gusa, ahubgo n’ iby’abari mw isi bose” (1 Yohana 2:​1, 2). Abakristo basizwe bashobora kuvuga ko Yesu ‘ari impongano y’ibyaha byabo.’ Ariko kandi, ni n’igitambo cy’abari mu isi yose, igitambo gituma abantu bumvira bashobora kubona ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi izahinduka Paradizo ubu yegereje cyane.

Niwifatanya n’abandi mu gihe cyo kwibuka urupfu rwa Kristo, uzungurwa na disikuru ikangura ibitekerezo izaba ishingiye kuri Bibiliya. Uzibutswa ibintu byinshi twagiriwe na Yehova Imana hamwe na Yesu Kristo. Kuzateranira hamwe n’abantu bubaha Imana na Kristo kandi bagafatana uburemere igitambo cy’incungu cya Kristo mu buryo bwimbitse bizatuma wungukirwa cyane mu by’umwuka. Icyo gihe gishobora kuzatuma urushaho kugira icyifuzo gihamye cyo kuba mu bo Imana izagirira ubuntu buganisha ku buzima bw’iteka. Twishimiye kugutumira kuzaterana n’Abahamya ba Yehova ku itariki ya 6 Mata 1993 izuba rirenze, mu kwibuka urupfu rwa Yesu Kristo kubera ko kuri wowe Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba rishobora kugira icyo risobanura gikomeye.