Ese koko Aburahamu yari afite ingamiya?

BIBILIYA ivuga ko mu matungo Farawo yahaye Aburahamu harimo n’ingamiya (Intang 12:16). Igihe umugaragu wa Aburahamu yakoraga urugendo rurerure agiye i Mezopotamiya, yajyanye “ingamiya icumi mu ngamiya za shebuja.” Ku bw’ibyo, Bibiliya igaragaza ko Aburahamu yari afite ingamiya, ubu hakaba hashize imyaka igera ku 4.000.—Intang 24:10.

Bamwe ntibabyemera. Hari igitabo kigira kiti “intiti mu bya Bibiliya zavuze ko igitekerezo cy’uko Aburahamu yari afite ingamiya muri icyo gihe, kidahuje n’amateka kuko abenshi bemera ko abantu batangiye gutunga ingamiya ahagana mu mwaka wa 1200 Mbere ya Yesu, nyuma cyane ya Aburahamu” (New International Version Archaeological Study Bible). Ku bw’ibyo, inkuru zose zo muri Bibiliya z’ibyabaye mbere y’uwo mwaka zivugwamo ingamiya ntizaba ari ukuri.

Icyakora, izindi ntiti zo zivuga ko nubwo hashize imyaka igera ku 3.000 abantu benshi batangiye gutunga ingamiya, bidashaka kuvuga ko zitakoreshwaga mbere yaho. Hari igitabo kigira kiti “ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwagaragaje ko hashize imyaka isaga 4.000 mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Arabiya borora ingamiya. Birashoboka ko mu mizo ya mbere bazororaga kugira ngo babone amata, ubwoya, uruhu n’inyama, ariko bidatinze bakaza kubona ko zishobora no gufasha mu guheka imizigo” (Civilizations of the Ancient Near East). Kuba ingamiya zarakoreshwaga na mbere y’igihe cya Aburahamu, bisa n’ibishyigikirwa n’ibisigazwa by’amagufwa hamwe n’ibindi bisigazwa by’ibintu byataburuwe mu matongo.

Hari n’inyandiko zibyemeza. Icyo gitabo tumaze kuvuga kigira kiti “muri Mezopotamiya hari urutonde rwakozwe mu nyandiko ikoresha ibimenyetso bimeze nk’udusumari ruriho n’iryo tungo [ingamiya], kandi hari na kashe ziriho ishusho yaryo, bikaba bigaragaza ko hashobora kuba hashize imyaka igera ku 4.000 iryo tungo rigeze muri Mezopotamiya,” ni ukuvuga mu gihe cya Aburahamu.

Hari intiti zemera ko abacuruzi bo mu majyepfo ya Arabiya bacuruzaga imibavu, bakoreshaga ingamiya mu kujyana ibicuruzwa byabo mu majyaruguru banyuze mu butayu, bakagera mu Misiri no muri Siriya, bityo akaba ari bo bagejeje ingamiya muri utwo duce. Birashoboka ko mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2.000 mbere ya Yesu ubwo bucuruzi bwakorwaga. Birashishikaje kuba mu Ntangiriro 37:25-28 havuga ko abacuruzi b’Abishimayeli bakoreshaga ingamiya bajyana imibavu muri Egiputa, hakaba hari hashize imyaka igera ku ijana Aburahamu abayeho.

Birashoboka ko mu myaka igera ku 4.000 ishize ingamiya zitakoreshwaga cyane mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, ariko hari ibimenyetso bisa n’ibyemeza ko zari zizwi. Ku bw’ibyo, hari igitabo kigira kiti “ntibikiri ngombwa kumva ko inkuru zivuga iby’abakurambere zigaragaramo ingamiya atari ukuri, kubera ko hari ibintu byinshi byataburuwe mu matongo byemeza ko abantu bororaga ingamiya mbere y’igihe abo bakurambere babereyeho.”—The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia.