Ijambo rya Yehova ni rizima

Ingingo z’ingenzi z’ibikubiye mu gitabo cya Ezira

INKURU yo mu gitabo cyo muri Bibiliya cya Ezira itangirira aho iyo mu gitabo cya kabiri cy’ibyo ku Ngoma irangirira. Ezira wari umutambyi akaba ari na we wacyanditse, atangira iyo nkuru avuga iby’itegeko Umwami Kuro w’u Buperesi yatanze. Iryo tegeko ryahaga Abayahudi bari basigaye mu bari barajyanywe mu bunyage i Babuloni, uburenganzira bwo gusubira mu gihugu cyabo. Iyo nkuru isoza igaragaza ingamba Ezira yafashe kugira ngo yeze Abayahudi bari barihumanyije bashyingiranwa n’abanyamahanga bari batuye muri icyo gihugu. Ibivugwa muri icyo gitabo byose byabaye mu gihe cy’imyaka 70, ni ukuvuga kuva mu wa 537 M.Y., kugeza mu wa 467 M.Y.

Ezira yanditse icyo gitabo afite intego yumvikana agamije. Yashakaga kugaragaza ukuntu Yehova yubahirije isezerano rye ryo gukura ubwoko bwe mu bunyage i Babuloni n’iryo kongera gusubizaho ugusenga k’ukuri i Yerusalemu. Ni yo mpamvu yibanze gusa ku bintu byari bifitanye isano n’iyo ntego ye. Igitabo cya Ezira kivuga ukuntu abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bongeye kubaka urusengero ndetse n’ukuntu bongeye gusubizaho gahunda yo gusenga Yehova, nubwo batari batunganye kandi bakaba bararwanyijwe. Iyo nkuru idufitiye akamaro cyane kubera ko natwe turi mu gihe ugusenga k’ukuri kongeye gusubizwaho. Abantu benshi barimo barisukiranya bagana ku “musozi w’Uwiteka,” kandi isi yose iri hafi ‘gukwirwa no kumenya ubwiza bw’Uwiteka.’—Yesaya 2:2, 3; Habakuki 2:14.

URUSENGERO RWONGEYE KUBAKWA

(Ezira 1:1–6:22)

Kuro yatanze itegeko ryo kurekura Abayahudi bari barajyanywe mu bunyage i Babuloni, maze abagera ku 50.000 basubira i Yerusalemu bayobowe na Zerubabeli cyangwa Sheshubazari, wari Guverineri. Abagarutse bahise bubaka igicaniro aho cyari cyarahoze kandi batangira gutambira Yehova ibitambo.

Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho Abisirayeli bashyizeho urufatiro cyangwa fondasiyo y’inzu ya Yehova. Abanzi babo bakomeje gushaka uko bahagarika imirimo y’ubwubatsi kandi amaherezo babigezeho kuko umwami yabemereye guhagarika iyo mirimo. Nubwo imirimo yari yarahagaritswe, abahanuzi Hagayi na Zekariya bashishikarije rubanda kongera kubaka urusengero. Kubera ko abanzi babo batinyaga kurenga ku itegeko ridakuka ryari ryaratanzwe na Kuro w’Umuperesi, ntibongeye kubarwanya. Umwami yatanze itegeko ryo gukora ubushakashatsi maze baza kubona itegeko Kuro yari yaratanze ‘ry’iby’inzu y’Imana y’i Yerusalemu’ (Ezira 6:3). Imirimo yakomeje kugenda neza ndetse igera ubwo irangira.

Ibibazo bishingiye ku Byanditswe byashubijwe:

1:3-6—Ese Abisirayeli batasubiye mu gihugu cyabo bari bafite ukwizera guke? Hari bamwe koko bashobora kuba baranze gusubira i Yerusalemu kuko bakundaga ubutunzi cyangwa se kuko batari bagishishikazwa n’ugusenga k’ukuri; ariko iyo si yo mpamvu yonyine yari kubitera. Mbere na mbere, kuva i Babuloni ujya i Yerusalemu hari urugendo rw’ibirometero 1.600, rukaba rwarashoboraga kumara hagati y’amezi ane n’atanu. Nanone kandi, gutura ndetse no kubaka mu gihugu cyari kimaze imyaka 70 cyarabaye amatongo, byasabaga imbaraga nyinshi. Bityo rero, imimerere igoranye urugero nk’uburwayi, iza bukuru, hamwe n’inshingano z’umuryango yatumye bamwe batagaruka mu gihugu cyabo.

2:43—Abanetinimu bari bantu ki? Bari abanyamahanga bakoraga imirimo yo mu rusengero. Muri bo harimo abakomokaga ku Bagibewoni bo mu gihe cya Yosuwa n’abandi “Dawidi n’abatware be batanze ngo bakorere Abalewi.”—Ezira 8:20.

2:55—Abuzukuruza b’abagaragu ba Salomo bari bantu ki? Bari abanyamahanga bari barahawe inshingano zihariye mu murimo wa Yehova. Bashobora kuba bari abanditsi mu rusengero cyangwa barakoraga mu nzego zimwe na zimwe z’ubuyobozi.

2:61-63—Ese abari bavuye mu bunyage bari bafite Urimu na Tumimu, ubusanzwe zakoreshwaga iyo babaga bakeneye igisubizo giturutse kuri Yehova? Abantu bavugaga ko bakomoka mu miryango y’abatambyi ariko bakaba batarashoboye kwerekana neza ibisekuru byabo, byashoboraga kugaragara ari uko hakoreshejwe Urimu na Tumimu. Ibyo Ezira yabivuze ashaka kugaragaza gusa ko ari bwo buryo bwashoboraga gukoreshwa. Nta hantu na hamwe Ibyanditswe bigaragaza ko icyo gihe cyangwa nyuma yaho Urimu na Tumimu byakoreshejwe. Amateka y’Abayahudi agaragaza ko Urimu na Tumimu zazimiye igihe cy’isenywa ry’urusengero mu 607 M.Y.

3:12—Kuki “abasaza bari barabonye inzu ya mbere” ya Yehova barize? Abo basaza bashobora kuba baributse ukuntu urusengero Salomo yubatse rwari rwiza cyane bitavugwa. Iyo bagereranyaga urusengero rwa mbere na fondasiyo y’urwari rugiye kubakwa, babonaga iyo fondasiyo ‘ari nk’ubusa’ (Hagayi 2:2, 3). Bibazaga niba imihati bashyiragaho yari gutuma urwo rusengero ruba rwiza nk’urwa mbere. Bagomba kuba baragize agahinda kandi bigatuma barira.

3:8-10; 4:23, 24; 6:15, 16—Imirimo yo kongera kubaka urusengero yamaze imyaka ingahe? Urufatiro rw’urusengero rwashyizweho mu mwaka 536 M.Y., “mu mwaka wa kabiri uhereye aho bagereye” i Yerusalemu. Imirimo y’ubwubatsi yahagaze ku ngoma y’Umwami Aritazeruzi kuva mu mwaka wa 522 M.Y., kugeza mu mwaka wa 520 M.Y., ari wo mwaka wa kabiri wo ku ngoma y’Umwami Dariyo. Urusengero rwaje kurangira mu mwaka wa gatandatu wo ku ngoma ye, cyangwa mu mwaka wa 515 M.Y. (Reba agasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Abami bategetse u Buperesi kuva mu wa 537 kugera mu wa 467 M.Y.”). Bityo rero, urusengero rwamaze imyaka irenga 20 rwubakwa.

4:8–6:18—Kuki iyi mirongo yo mu gitabo cya Ezira yanditswe mu Cyarameyi? Iyo mirongo ahanini ikubiyemo amabaruwa abatware bandikiye abami n’ibisubizo bahawe. Ezira yayandukuye ayikuye mu nyandiko z’ubutegetsi zari zanditse mu Cyarameyi, ururimi rwakoreshwaga muri icyo gihe mu bucuruzi no mu butegetsi. Indi mirongo yo muri Bibiliya yanditse muri urwo rurimi rwa kera rw’Urusemiti, ni iyo muri Ezira 7:12-26; Yeremiya 10:11 na Daniyeli 2:4b–7:28.

Icyo ibyo bitwigisha:

1:2. Ibyo Yesaya yari yarahanuye byasohoye hashize hafi imyaka 200 (Yesaya 44:28). Ibyo bigaragaza ko ubuhanuzi buri mu Ijambo rya Yehova buri gihe busohora.

1:3-6. Kimwe na bamwe mu Bisirayeli bagumye i Babuloni, abenshi mu Bahamya ba Yehova ntibashobora gukora umurimo w’igihe cyose cyangwa gukorera umurimo aho ubufasha bukenewe. Ariko kandi, bakomeza gushyigikira no gutera inkunga ababishoboye. Banatanga impano zo gushyigikira umurimo wo kubwiriza no guhindura abantu abigishwa.

3:1-6. Mu kwezi kwa karindwi (Tishri, guhura na Nzeri/Ukwakira) mu mwaka wa 537 M.Y., ni bwo ku ncuro ya mbere Abisirayeli bizerwa batahutse batambye ibitambo. Umwami Nebukadinezari yinjiye muri Yerusalemu mu kwezi kwa cumi na gatanu (Ab, guhura na Nyakanga/Kanama) mu mwaka wa 607 M.Y., kandi nyuma y’amezi abiri uwo murwa wose wari umaze gusenywa (2 Abami 25:8-17, 22-26). Nk’uko byari byarahanuwe, imyaka 70 Yerusalemu yagombaga kumara ari umusaka yarangiye nta mwaka n’umwe urenzeho (Yeremiya 25:11; 29:10). Icyo Ijambo rya Yehova rivuze cyose kirasohora.

4:1-3. Abisirayeli b’indahemuka bavuye mu bunyage banze ubufasha bari bahawe n’abantu basengaga imana z’ibinyoma kuko ibyo byari kuba ari kimwe no kwifatanya na bo mu gusenga (Kuva 20:5; 34:12). Mu buryo nk’ubwo, abasenga Yehova muri iki gihe na bo ntibifatanya mu bikorwa mpuzamatorero ibyo ari byose.

5:1-7; 6:1-12. Yehova ashobora guhindura imimerere y’ibintu agatuma abagaragu be bagera ku byo bifuza.

6:14, 22. Iyo tugaragaje ishyaka mu murimo wa Yehova, aratwemera kandi akaduha umugisha.

6:21. Abasamariya babaga mu Buyuda hamwe n’Abayahudi bari bariganye imigenzo izira y’abanyamahanga, babonye ukuntu Yehova yatumaga imirimo igenda neza, bituma bagira ihinduka rya ngombwa mu mibereho yabo. Ubwo se twe ntidukwiriye kwitabira tubyishimiye inshingano twahawe n’Imana yacu, hakubiyemo n’umurimo wo kubwiriza iby’Ubwami?

EZIRA AGARUKA I YERUSALEMU

(Ezira 7:1–10:44)

Hari hashize imyaka mirongo itanu batashye inzu ya Yehova yari yarongeye kubakwa. Hari mu mwaka wa 468 M.Y. Ezira n’abari barasigaye bo mu bwoko bw’Imana bavuye i Babuloni berekeza i Yerusalemu bafite impano zo kuzubaka iyo nzu. Yasanze byifashe bite?

Ibikomangoma byabwiye Ezira biti “Abisirayeli n’abatambyi n’Abalewi ntibitandukanije n’abantu bo mu bihugu, ahubwo bakora ibizira byabo.” Ikibabaje ni uko ‘abatware n’abanyamategeko ari bo barushijeho gucumura muri ibyo’ (Ezira 9:1, 2). Ezira byaramutunguye kandi biramubabaza cyane. Yatewe inkunga yo ‘kudatinya’ kandi akagira icyo ‘akora’ (Ezira 10:4). Ezira yafashe ingamba zo kubacyaha kandi babyakiriye neza barahinduka.

Ibibazo bishingiye ku Byanditswe byashubijwe:

7:1, 7, 11—Ese iyi mirongo yose yerekeza kuri Aritazeruzi wahagaritse imirimo yo kubaka urusengero? Oya. Aritazeruzi ni izina ry’icyubahiro ryahawe abami babiri bategetse u Buperesi. Umwe ni Bardiya cyangwa Gaumata, wategetse ko bahagarika imirimo y’ubwubatsi bw’urusengero mu mwaka wa 522 M.Y. Aritazeruzi wari ku ngoma igihe Ezira yagarukaga i Yerusalemu ni Aritazeruzi Longue-main.

7:28–8:20—Kuki abenshi mu Bayahudi bari i Babuloni batashishikariye kujyana na Ezira i Yerusalemu? Nubwo hari hashize imyaka irenga 60 itsinda rya mbere ry’Abayahudi rigarutse mu gihugu cyabo, Yerusalemu yari igituwe n’abantu bake cyane. Kugaruka i Yerusalemu byumvikanishaga ko bari bagiye gutangira ubuzima bushya, mu mimerere igoye kandi irimo akaga. Ku Bayahudi bashobora kuba bari bafite imitungo i Babuloni, imimerere yari i Yerusalemu ntiyari gutuma bashishikarira kujyayo. Ntitwakwirengagiza kandi ko urwo rugendo rwarimo akaga. Kugira ngo abo Bayahudi bashobore gusubira iwabo, bagombaga kwiringira Yehova byimazeyo, bakagirira ishyaka ugusenga k’ukuri kandi bakagira ubutwari. Ezira na we yahawe imbaraga n’ukuboko kwa Yehova kwari kuri we. Yateye inkunga imiryango 1.500 ishobora kuba yari igizwe n’abantu bagera ku 6.000, isubira mu gihugu cyayo. Ezira amaze gufata umwanzuro wo gusubira mu gihugu cye, Abalewi 38 n’Abanetinimu 220 bafatanyije na we urugendo.

9:1, 2—Ni mu buhe buryo ishyingiranwa hagati y’Abayahudi n’abanyamahanga basanze muri icyo gihugu ryari riteje akaga cyane? Abayahudi bari baragaruwe bari bafite inshingano yo kurinda ugusenga k’ukuri kugeza aho Mesiya yari kuzazira. Gushyingiranwa n’abandi bantu babaga muri icyo gihugu byari bibangamiye cyane ugusenga k’ukuri. Kubera ko bamwe bari barashyingiranywe n’abantu basengaga ibishushanyo, amaherezo iryo shyanga ryose ryashoboraga kuzahinduka nk’amahanga y’abapagani. Ugusenga kutanduye kwashoboraga kuzimangatana burundu ku isi hose. Ubwo se Mesiya yari kuzavuka kuri ba nde? Ntibitangaje rero kuba Ezira yarababajwe cyane no kubona ibyari byarabaye!

10:3, 44—Kuki abana birukananywe na ba nyina? Iyo abana baza gusigarana na ba se, abo bagore bari birukanywe byari kurushaho kuborohera kongera kugaruka bitwaje ko baje kureba abana babo. Ikindi kandi, ubusanzwe abana bakiri bato baba bakeneye ko ba nyina babitaho.

Icyo ibyo bitwigisha:

7:10. Ezira yadusigiye urugero rwiza kubera ko yiyigishaga Ijambo ry’Imana yitonze kandi akanaryigisha neza. Yarasenze ategurira umutima we kugenzura Amategeko ya Yehova. Kandi mu gihe yabaga agenzura ayo Mategeko, yitaga cyane ku byo Yehova yari yaravuze. Ezira yashyiraga mu bikorwa ibyo yabaga yize kandi akihatira kubyigisha abandi.

7:13. Yehova yifuza ko abagaragu be bamukorera babikunze.

7:27, 28; 8:21-23. Ezira yashimiye Yehova kandi mbere yo gufata urugendo rurerure cyane kandi rugoye agana i Yerusalemu, yamusenganye umwete. Nanone yemeye gushyira ubuzima bwe mu kaga kugira ngo arengere ikuzo ry’Imana. Ku bw’ibyo, Ezira yadusigiye urugero rwiza.

9:2. Tugomba gufatana uburemere inama idusaba gushyingiranwa n’“uri mu Mwami wacu” gusa.—1 Abakorinto 7:39.

9:14, 15. Kwifatanya n’incuti mbi bishobora gutuma Yehova atatwemera.

10:2-12, 44. Abantu bari barashatse abagore b’abanyamahanga bicishije bugufi, baricuza kandi bava mu nzira zabo mbi. Iyo myifatire yabo n’ibikorwa byabo bikwiriye kutubera urugero rwiza.

Yehova asohoza ibyo yasezeranyije

Mbega ukuntu igitabo cya Ezira kidufitiye akamaro! Mu gihe Yehova yari yagennye, yashohoje amasezerano ye yo gukura ubwoko bwe mu bunyage i Babuloni no gusubizaho ugusenga k’ukuri i Yerusalemu. Ese ibyo ntibituma turushaho kwizera Yehova n’ibyo yasezeranyije?

Tekereza ku ngero nziza dusanga mu gitabo cya Ezira. Ubwo Ezira n’abasigaye bo mu Bayahudi bagarukaga i Yerusalemu, batanze urugero rwiza rwo gukorera Imana batizigamye igihe bagiraga uruhare mu gusubizaho ugusenga kutanduye i Yerusalemu. Nanone, iki gitabo cyagaragaje neza ukuntu abanyamahanga batinye Imana bakizera ndetse n’ukuntu abari barakoze ibyaha bicishije bugufi kandi bakicuza babikuye ku mutima. Koko rero, amagambo yahumetswe yo mu gitabo cya Ezira, aduha igihamya cy’uko “ijambo ry’Imana ari rizima, [kandi ko] rifite imbaraga.”—Abaheburayo 4:12.

[Imbonerahamwe/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 18]

ABAMI BATEGETSE U BUPERESI KUVA MU WA 537 KUGEZA MU WA 467 M.Y.

Kuro Mukuru (Ezira 1:1) yapfuye mu mwaka wa 530 M.Y.

Cambyse cyangwa Ahasuwerusi (Ezira 4:6) 530-522 M.Y.

Aritazeruzi—Baridiya cyangwa Gaumata (Ezira 4:7) 522 M.Y. (Yishwe amaze amezi arindwi gusa ku ngoma)

Dariyo wa l (Ezira 4:24) 522-486 M.Y.

Xerxes cyangwa Ahasuwerusia 486-475 M.Y. (Yategekanye na Dariyo wa l kuva mu wa 496 kugeza mu wa 486 M.Y.)

Aritazeruzi Longue-main (Ezira 7:1) 475-424 M.Y.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ifoto]

Ahasuwerusi

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 17]

Kuro

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 17]

Umwiburungushure wanditseho uko Kuro yemereye abanyagano gusubira iwabo

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

Cylinder: Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 20]

Waba uzi icyatumye Ezira aba umwigisha ugera ku ntego?