Igice Cya Cumi

Ni Nde Wabasha Kurwanya Umwami w’Abami?

1, 2. Kuki ibyo Daniyeli yeretswe mu mwaka wa gatatu w’ingoma ya Belushazari ari iby’ingenzi kuri twe?

IMYAKA mirongo itanu n’irindwi irashize kuva urusengero rwa Yehova rw’i Yerusalemu rurimbuwe. Belushazari na se Nabonide, bombi bayobora Ubwami bwa Babuloni, ari bwo butegetsi bw’igihangange bwa gatatu bw’isi buvugwa mu buhanuzi bwa Bibiliya.a Daniyeli umuhanuzi w’Imana ari mu bunyage i Babuloni. None “mu mwaka wa gatatu Umwami Belushazari ari ku ngoma,” Yehova agejeje kuri Daniyeli iyerekwa rihishura ibintu runaka birebana no gusubizaho ugusenga k’ukuri.​—Daniyeli 8:1.

² Iyerekwa ry’ubuhanuzi Daniyeli yabonye ryamugizeho ingaruka zikomeye, kandi ni n’iry’ingenzi cyane kuri twe turiho mu ‘gihe cy’imperuka.’ Marayika Gaburiyeli abwiye Daniyeli ati “umva, ngiye kukumenyesha ibizaba mu gihe cy’umujinya wo ku mperuka; kuko ari iby’igihe cy’imperuka cyategetswe” (Daniyeli 8:16, 17, 19, 27). Ku bw’ibyo rero, nimucyo dusuzumane ubwitonzi ibyo Daniyeli yabonye n’icyo bisobanura kuri twe muri iki gihe.

IMPFIZI Y’INTAMA IFITE AMAHEMBE ABIRI

3, 4. Ni iyihe nyamaswa Daniyeli yabonye ihagaze ku ruzi, kandi se igereranya iki?

³ Daniyeli yaranditse ati “nkerekwa ibyo, nagize ngo ndi i bwami i Shushani mu gihugu cya Elamu. Ariko ubwo nabyerekwaga nari ku ruzi Ulayi” (Daniyeli 8:2). Niba Daniyeli yari i Shushani (Suse) ibi byo kuhaba nyakuhaba​—uwo ukaba wari umurwa mukuru wa Elamu, uri ku birometero 350 mu burasirazuba bwa Babuloni​—cyangwa niba yari ahari mu buryo bw’iyerekwa gusa, ntibyasobanuwe.

⁴ Daniyeli akomeza agira ati “nubuye amaso, mbona impfizi y’intama ifite amahembe abiri, ihagaze ku ruzi” (Daniyeli 8:3a). Icyo iyo mpfizi ari cyo nticyakomeje kuba amayobera kuri Daniyeli. Nyuma y’aho, marayika Gaburiyeli yaje kugira ati “impfizi y’intama y’amahembe abiri wabonye ni bo bami b’Abamedi n’Abaperesi” (Daniyeli 8:20). Abamedi bakomokaga mu bitwa by’imisozi miremire yo mu burasirazuba bwa Ashuri, naho Abaperesi bo, muri kamere yabo bari abantu bakunda guhora bimuka, bakaba barabaga mu karere k’amajyaruguru y’Ikigobe cya Perse. Ariko kandi, uko Ubwami bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi bwagendaga bukura, ni na ko abaturage babwo bagendaga barushaho gukunda iraha.

5. Ni gute ihembe “ryaherukaga kumera” ryabaye rirerire rigasumba irindi?

⁵ Daniyeli yagize ati “ayo mahembe uko ari abiri yari maremare, ariko rimwe ryasumbaga irindi; irirerire ni ryo ryaherukaga kumera” (Daniyeli 8:3b). Iryo hembe ryasumbaga irindi, rikaba ari na ryo ryameze nyuma, rigereranya Abaperesi, naho irindi rigashushanya Abamedi. Mu mizo ya mbere, Abamedi ni bo bari bafite ubutware. Ariko mu wa 550 M.I.C., Kuro umutware w’Abaperesi yatsinze Astyage, Umwami w’Abamedi bimworoheye. Nuko Kuro ahuriza hamwe imigenzo n’amategeko by’ayo moko yombi, afatanyiriza hamwe ubwami bwayo, kandi yagura akarere kayo binyuriye mu kugenda anesha ibindi bihugu. Kuva icyo gihe, ubwo bwami bwari bugizwe n’impande ebyiri.

IMPFIZI Y’INTAMA IGIRA IMBARAGA NYINSHI

6, 7. Ni mu buhe buryo ‘hatagize inyamaswa ihangara guhagarara imbere’ y’impfizi y’intama?

⁶ Daniyeli yakomeje asobanura iby’iyo mpfizi y’intama agira ati “mbona iyo mpfizi y’intama igenda ishyamye, yerekeye . . . [“iburengerazuba,” NW ] n’ikasikazi n’ikusi, ntihagira inyamaswa ihangara kuyihagarara imbere, ntihaboneka ubasha kuziyikiza; yagenzaga uko yishakiye, ikagira imbaraga.”​—Daniyeli 8:4.

⁷ Mu byo Daniyeli yari aherutse kwerekwa, Babuloni yari yaragereranyijwe n’inyamaswa yavuye mu nyanja, ikaba yarasaga n’intare ifite amababa nk’ay’ikizu (Daniyeli 7:4, 17). Iyo nyamaswa y’ikigereranyo ntiyashoboye guhagarara imbere y’ “impfizi y’intama” yo muri iri yerekwa rishya. Kuro Mukuru yafashe Babuloni mu wa 539 M.I.C. Mu myaka igera hafi kuri 50 yakurikiyeho, ‘ntihagize inyamaswa,’ cyangwa ubutegetsi bwa gipolitiki, yashoboye guhaguruka ngo irwanye Ubwami bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi​—ari bwo butegetsi bw’igihangange bwa kane bw’isi buvugwa mu buhanuzi bwa Bibiliya.

8, 9. (a) Ni mu buhe buryo iyo ‘mpfizi y’intama yagendaga ishyamye, yerekeye . . . [“iburengerazuba,” NW ] n’ikasikazi n’ikusi’? (b) Igitabo cya Esiteri kivuga iki ku birebana n’uwasimbuye Dariyo wa I Umwami w’u Buperesi?

⁸ Ubutegetsi bw’Igihangange bw’Isi bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi bwaturutse “iburasirazuba,” buza bukora icyo bwishakiye, ‘bugenda bushyamye bwerekeye . . . [“iburengerazuba,” NW ] n’ikasikazi n’ikusi’ (Yesaya 46:11). Umwami Cambyse wa II wasimbuye Kuro Mukuru yigaruriye Misiri. Yaje gusimburwa n’Umwami Dariyo wa I w’Umuperesi, werekeje mu burengerazuba akambuka umuyoboro wa Bosphore mu wa 513 M.I.C., maze akagaba igitero mu karere k’u Burayi ka Thrace, yari ifite umurwa mukuru wa Byzance (ubu ukaba ari Istanbul). Mu wa 508 M.I.C., yigaruriye Thrace, kandi aza no gufata Macédoine mu wa 496 M.I.C. Bityo rero, mu gihe cya Dariyo, ya “mpfizi y’intama” y’Abamedi n’Abaperesi yari yarigaruriye ibihugu byo mu byerekezo bitatu by’ingenzi: mu majyaruguru i Babuloni no muri Ashuri, iburengerazuba muri Aziya Ntoya, no mu majyepfo mu Misiri.

⁹ Bibiliya na yo yemeza ko Ubwami bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi bwari bugari, aho yerekeza kuri Xerxès wa I wasimbuye Dariyo, ivuga ko ari we ‘Ahasuwerusi wategekaga ibihugu ijana na makumyabiri na birindwi, uhereye i Buhindi ukageza Etiyopiya’ (Esiteri 1:1). Ariko ubwo bwami bukomeye bwagombaga kubisa ubundi, kandi ibyo iyerekwa rya Daniyeli ribitangaho ibisobanuro bishishikaje byagombye gutuma turushaho kwizera ijambo ry’Imana ry’ubuhanuzi.

ISEKURUME Y’IHENE ISEKURA YA MPFIZI Y’INTAMA

10. Mu iyerekwa rya Daniyeli, ni iyihe nyamaswa yasekuye “impfizi y’intama”?

¹⁰ Tekereza ukuntu noneho Daniyeli agomba kuba atangajwe n’ibyo abonye. Inkuru iragira iti “nkibyitegereza mbona haje isekurume y’ihene iturutse iburengerazuba, igenda idakoza amaguru hasi, ikwira isi yose. Kandi iyo sekurume y’ihene yari ifite ihembe rigaragara cyane hagati y’amaso yayo. Nuko itera ya mpfizi y’intama y’amahembe abiri, nari nabonye ihagaze ku ruzi; iyivudukira, ifite imbaraga n’uburakari bukaze. Mbona yegereye iyo mpfizi y’intama, irayirakarira, irayisekura, iyivuna ayo mahembe yombi. Ya mpfizi y’intama ntiyari ifite imbaraga zo kuyihagarara imbere. Ahubwo iyo sekurume y’ihene iyikubita hasi, irayisiribanga; ntihaboneka uwabasha gukiza iyo mpfizi y’intama imbaraga za ya sekurume y’ihene” (Daniyeli 8:5-7). Ibyo byose bisobanura iki?

11. (a) Ni gute marayika Gaburiyeli yasobanuye “[i]sekurume y’ihene y’igikomo” n’ “ihembe rinini” ryayo? (b) Ni nde wagereranywaga n’iryo hembe rigaragara cyane?

¹¹ Ari Daniyeli ari natwe, nta n’umwe ugomba kwirirwa afindafinda icyo iryo yerekwa risobanura. Marayika Gaburiyeli yabwiye Daniyeli ati “ya sekurume y’ihene y’igikomo ni umwami w’i Bugiriki; kandi ihembe rinini riri hagati y’amaso yayo, ni we mwami wabo wa mbere” (Daniyeli 8:21). Mu mwaka wa 336 M.I.C., Dariyo wa III (Codoman), umwami wa nyuma w’Ubwami bw’Abaperesi, yagizwe umwami. Muri uwo mwaka kandi, ni na bwo Alexandre yabaye umwami i Macédoine. Amateka agaragaza ko Alexandre le Grand ari we wabaye wa ‘mwami w’i Bugiriki’ wa mbere wari warahanuwe. Alexandre ‘yaturutse iburengerazuba’ mu wa 334 M.I.C., maze aza yihuta cyane. Yaje asa n’ “[u]dakoza amaguru hasi,” yigarurira intara nyinshi, kandi asekura “ya mpfizi y’intama.” Nguko uko u Bugiriki bwavanyeho ubutegetsi bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi bwari bumaze hafi ibinyejana bibiri, maze bukaba ari bwo buhinduka ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bwa gatanu bw’isi buvugwa muri Bibiliya. Mbega isohozwa ritangaje ry’ubuhanuzi bw’Imana!

12. Ni mu buhe buryo “ihembe rinini” ry’isekurume y’ikigereranyo ‘ryavunitse,’ kandi se amahembe ane yameze mu mwanya waryo ni iki?

¹² Icyakora, ubutegetsi bwa Alexandre bwagombaga kumara igihe gito. Rya yerekwa rikomeza rihishura ibi bikurikira: “isekurume y’ihene igira imbaraga nyinshi cyane; imaze gukomera, iryo hembe rinini riravunika; mu kimbo cyaryo hamera andi mahembe ane, agaragara cyane, yerekeye mu birere bine by’ijuru” (Daniyeli 8:8). Gaburiyeli asobanura ubwo buhanuzi agira ati “nk’uko ryavunitse, mu kimbo cyaryo hakamera andi mahembe ane, uko ni ko hazaba ubwami bune bukomoka muri ubwo bwoko, ariko buzaba budafite amaboko nk’ay’uwa mbere” (Daniyeli 8:22). Nk’uko byari byarahanuwe, igihe Alexandre yari ageze aho yizihiwe n’ibikorwa bye byo gutsinda, ‘yaravunitse,’ mu yandi magambo yarapfuye, afite imyaka 32 gusa. Kandi amaherezo, ubwami bwe bukomeye bwaje kugabagabanywa bane mu bagaba b’ingabo ze.

AGAHEMBE GATO K’AMAYOBERA

13. Ni iki cyashamitse kuri rimwe muri ayo mahembe ane, kandi se cyitwaye gite?

¹³ Igice gikurikira cy’iryo yerekwa cyo kirimo ibintu byagombaga kuzaba nyuma y’imyaka 2.200, isohozwa ryabyo rikaba rigeza no muri ibi bihe. Daniyeli yaranditse ati “kuri rimwe muri ayo [ya mahembe ane], hashamikaho agahembe gato, karakura cyane, kaba rinini ryerekeye ikusi n’iburasirazuba n’igihugu gifite ubwiza. Rihinduka rinini, rigera mu ngabo zo mu ijuru, ndetse ingabo zimwe n’inyenyeri zimwe ribijugunya hasi, rirabisiribanga. Nuko ririkuza ndetse ryireshyeshya n’umugaba w’ingabo, rimukuraho igitambo gihoraho, kandi ubuturo bwera burasenyuka. Izo ngabo hamwe n’igitambo gihoraho bihānwa mu butware bwaryo ku bw’igicumuro. Iby’ukuri ribijugunya hasi; rikajya ribasha ibyo rigambiriye.”​—Daniyeli 8:9-​12.

14. Ni iki marayika Gaburiyeli yavuze ku bihereranye n’ibikorwa by’iryo hembe rito ry’ikigereranyo, kandi se, byari kuzagendekera bite iryo hembe?

¹⁴ Kugira ngo dushobore gusobanukirwa ayo magambo amaze kuvugwa, tugomba kubanza kwita ku byo marayika w’Imana avuga. Nyuma yo kuvuga ukuntu hari kuzategeka ubwami bune bukomotse mu bwami bwa Alexandre, marayika Gaburiyeli yagize ati “igihe ubwo bwami buzaba bwenda gushirira, abanyabyaha bamaze gukabya, umwami w’umunyamwaga, umenya ibitamenyekana, azima. Imbaraga ze zizaba zikomeye, ariko ntizizaba ari ize ubwe. Azarimbura bitangaje; azabasha ibyo yagambiriye, azarimbura abakomeye n’ubwoko bw’abera. Azagira imigambi ituma abashishwa byose n’uburyarya: kandi azishyira hejuru mu mutima we, azarimbura benshi biraye, ndetse azahaguruka kurwanya Umwami w’abami. Ariko azavunagurika, nta wumukozeho.”​—Daniyeli 8:23-​25.

15. Ni iki marayika yasabye Daniyeli gukora ku bihereranye n’ibyo yeretswe?

¹⁵ Uwo mumarayika yabwiye Daniyeli ati “ariko [ibyerekanywe] ujye ubizigama, kuko ari iby’igihe gishyize kera” (Daniyeli 8:26). Hagombaga ‘kuzashyira kera’ icyo gice cy’iyerekwa kitarasohora, bityo Daniyeli akaba yaragombaga ‘kuzigama’ ibyo yeretswe, bikaba ibanga. Uko bigaragara, ibisobanuro byabyo byakomeje kuba amayobera kuri Daniyeli. Ubu ariko noneho, cya gihe “gishyize kera” kigomba kuba cyarageze rwose. Bityo rero twakwibaza tuti ‘ni iki amateka y’isi aduhishurira ku bihereranye n’isohozwa ry’iryo yerekwa ry’ubuhanuzi?’

KA GAHEMBE GATO KAGWIZA IMBARAGA

16. (a) Ni irihe hembe ry’ikigereranyo ryashamitseho ako gahembe gato? (b) Ni gute Roma yabaye ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bwa gatandatu bw’isi buvugwa mu buhanuzi bwa Bibiliya, kandi se, kuki atari yo ka gahembe gato k’ikigereranyo?

¹⁶ Dukurikije amateka, ako gahembe gato kashamitse kuri rimwe muri ya mahembe ane y’ikigereranyo​—ni ukuvuga iryari ryerekeye iburengerazuba kurusha ayandi. Ubwo bwari ubwami bwa Kigiriki bwa Jenerali Cassandre bwategekaga Macédoine n’u Bugiriki. Nyuma y’aho, ubwo bwami bwigaruriwe n’ubwami bwa Jenerali Lysimaque, umwami wa Thrace na Aziya Ntoya. Mu kinyejana cya kabiri mbere y’Igihe Cyacu, izo ntara zo mu burengerazuba bw’akarere kategekwaga n’Abagiriki zigaruriwe na Roma. Nuko mu mwaka wa 30 M.I.C., Roma yigarurira ubwami bwose bwa Kigiriki, yigira ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bwa gatandatu bw’isi buvugwa mu buhanuzi bwa Bibiliya. Ariko kandi, Ubwami bw’Abaroma si bwo bwari ka gahembe gato ko mu iyerekwa rya Daniyeli, kuko ubwo bwami butakomeje kubaho kugeza “igihe cy’imperuka cyategetswe.”​—Daniyeli 8:19.

17. (a) Ni irihe sano u Bwongereza bwahoze bufitanye n’Ubwami bw’Abaroma? (b) Ni gute Ubwami bw’u Bwongereza bufitanye isano n’ubwami bwa Macédoine n’ubw’u Bugiriki?

¹⁷ None se, amateka agaragaza ko uwo ‘mwami w’umunyamwaga’ kandi w’umunyamahane ari uwuhe? Mu by’ukuri, u Bwongereza bwabaye ishami ryo mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba ryashamikiye ku Bwami bw’Abaroma. Kugeza mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya gatanu I.C., hari hari intara z’Abaroma mu cyo ubu twita u Bwongereza. Uko igihe cyagendaga gihita, Ubwami bw’Abaroma bwaje guhenebera, ariko ingaruka z’isanzuramuco ry’Abagiriki n’Abaroma zakomeje kugaragara mu Bwongereza no mu bindi bice by’u Burayi byahoze bitegekwa n’Abaroma. Uwitwa Octavio Paz, umusizi akaba n’umwanditsi wo muri Megizike wahawe Ingororano Yitiriwe Nobel, yaranditse ati “igihe Ubwami bw’Abaroma bwaheneberaga, Kiliziya yafashe umwanya wabwo.” Yongeyeho ati “abakuru ba Kiliziya hamwe n’abaje kuba intiti zo muri icyo gihe, bafashe filozofiya ya Kigiriki bayihuza n’inyigisho za Gikristo.” Naho uwitwa Bertrand Russell, akaba ari umuhanga mu bya filozofiya no mu by’imibare wo mu kinyejana cya 20, yagize ati “isanzuramuco ry’i Burengerazuba rifite inkomoko za Kigiriki, rishingiye ku muco karande wo mu rwego rwa filozofiya n’urwa siyansi, watangiriye i Milet [umujyi w’Abagiriki wo muri Aziya Ntoya] mbere y’imyaka ibihumbi bibiri na magana atanu ishize.” Ku bw’ibyo rero, twavuga ko Ubwami bw’u Bwongereza bwakomoye umuco wabwo ku bwami bwa Macédoine n’ubw’u Bugiriki.

18. Ni akahe gahembe gato kahindutse “umwami w’umunyamwaga” mu ‘gihe cy’imperuka’? Sobanura.

¹⁸ Mu mwaka wa 1763, Ubwami bw’u Bwongereza bwari bwaranesheje ibihangange bwahoze bushyamiranye na byo, ari byo Hisipaniya n’u Bufaransa. Kuva ubwo, bwagaragaje ko ari bwo bugenga amazi magari bukaba n’ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bwa karindwi bw’isi buvugwa mu buhanuzi bwa Bibiliya. Ndetse na nyuma y’aho ibihugu 13 byo muri Amerika byari byarakoronijwe n’u Bwongereza bimariye kwitandukanya na bwo mu wa 1776 bigashinga Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, Ubwami bw’u Bwongereza bwaragutse bugera aho bwigarurira kimwe cya kane cy’ubuso bwose bw’isi hamwe na kimwe cya kane cy’abaturage bayo. Ubwo butegetsi bw’igihangange bwa karindwi bw’isi bwarushijeho kugira imbaraga nyinshi cyane igihe Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika zifatanyaga n’u Bwongereza, byombi bigahinduka ubutegetsi bw’inyabubiri bw’igihangange bw’isi bw’u Bwongereza na Amerika. Mu by’ukuri, haba mu by’ubukungu no mu bya gisirikare, ubwo butegetsi bw’igihangange bwahindutse “umwami w’umunyamwaga.” Ku bw’ibyo rero, ka gahembe gato kabaye ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bwa gipolitiki bw’ubunyamwaga mu ‘gihe cy’imperuka,’ ni Ubutegetsi bw’Igihangange bw’Isi bw’u Bwongereza na Amerika.

19. “Igihugu gifite ubwiza” kivugwa mu iyerekwa ni ikihe?

¹⁹ Daniyeli yabonye ako gahembe gato ‘gakura cyane, kaba rinini’ ryerekeye “igihugu gifite ubwiza” (Daniyeli 8:9). Igihugu cy’Isezerano Yehova yahaye ubwoko bwe bwatoranyijwe, cyari cyiza cyane ku buryo cyitwaga igihugu “gishimwa n’ibindi bihugu byose, kuko ari cyo ngenzi,” ni ukuvuga kiruta ibindi byose byo ku isi (Ezekiyeli 20:6, 15). Koko rero, u Bwongereza bwigaruriye Yerusalemu ku itariki ya 9 Ukuboza 1917, maze mu wa 1920 Umuryango w’Amahanga uha u Bwongereza uburenganzira bwo gukoroniza Palesitina, kugeza ku itariki ya 14 Gicurasi 1948. Ariko kandi, rya yerekwa ryari iryo mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi, rikaba ririmo ibintu byinshi byo mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo. Kandi “igihugu gifite ubwiza” kivugwa muri iryo yerekwa ntikigereranya Yerusalemu, ahubwo kigereranya imimerere yo ku isi y’abantu Imana ibona ko ari abera mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bw’isi bwa karindwi. Reka noneho turebe ukuntu Ubutegetsi bw’Igihangange bw’Isi bw’u Bwongereza na Amerika bugerageza kwibasira abera.

“UBUTURO [BWE] BWERA” BUSENYWA

20. “[I]ngabo zo mu ijuru” n’ “inyenyeri” rya hembe rito rigerageza kujugunya hasi ni bande?

²⁰ Rya hembe rito ‘ryahindutse rinini, rigera mu ngabo zo mu ijuru, ndetse ingabo zimwe n’inyenyeri zimwe ribijugunya hasi.’ Dukurikije ibisobanuro bya marayika, izo “ngabo zo mu ijuru” n’ “inyenyeri” rya hembe rito rigerageza kujugunya hasi, ni “ubwoko bw’abera” (Daniyeli 8:10, 24). Abo ‘bera’ ni Abakristo basizwe n’umwuka. Kubera ko bashobojwe kugirana imishyikirano n’Imana binyuriye ku isezerano rishya rishingiye ku maraso yamenwe ya Yesu Kristo, baruhagiwe, barezwa, maze batoranyirizwa gukora umurimo wihariye w’Imana (Abaheburayo 10:10; 13:20). Kubera ko Yehova yabagize abaraganwa n’Umwana we mu murage wo mu ijuru, ababona ko ari abera (Abefeso 1:3, 11, 18-​20). Bityo rero, mu iyerekwa rya Daniyeli, amagambo ngo “[i]ngabo zo mu ijuru” yerekeza ku ‘bera’ basigaye ku isi bo mu bagize 144.000, bazafatanya n’Umwana w’Intama gutegeka mu ijuru.​—Ibyahishuwe 14:1-5.

21. Ni bande bari mu ‘buturo bwera’ ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bwa karindwi bw’isi bugerageza guhindura umusaka?

²¹ Muri iki gihe, abasigaye bo muri abo 144.000 ni bo bahagarariye ku isi “Yerusalemu yo mu ijuru”​—ari bwo Bwami bw’Imana bugereranywa n’umurwa​—na gahunda yayo y’urusengero (Abaheburayo 12:22, 28; 13:14). Muri ubwo buryo, bari mu ‘buturo bwera,’ ari na bwo ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bwa karindwi bw’isi bugerageza gusiribanga ngo bubuhindure umusaka (Daniyeli 8:13). Daniyeli yerekeje kuri ubwo buturo bwera bwa Yehova agira ati “rimukuraho [ni ukuvuga kuri Yehova] igitambo gihoraho, kandi ubuturo bwera burasenyuka. Izo ngabo hamwe n’igitambo gihoraho bihānwa mu butware bwaryo ku bw’igicumuro. Iby’ukuri ribijugunya hasi; rikajya ribasha ibyo rigambiriye” (Daniyeli 8:11, 12). Ni gute ibyo byasohoye?

22. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, ni gute ubutegetsi bw’igihangange bwa karindwi bw’isi bwakoze “igicumuro” gikomeye?

²² Ni ibiki byabaye ku Bahamya ba Yehova mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose? Baratotejwe bikabije! Byatangiriye mu bihugu byagenderaga ku matwara y’ishyaka rya Nazi n’irya Fascisme (soma Fashisime). Ariko mu gihe gito, ‘iby’ukuri byajugunywe hasi’ mu mpande zose z’igice kinini cyategekwaga na ka ‘gahembe gato [kagize] imbaraga zikomeye.’ “Ingabo” zigizwe n’ababwiriza b’Ubwami n’umurimo wabo wo kubwiriza “ubutumwa bwiza,” zarabuzanyijwe hafi mu bihugu byose byari bigize umuryango w’Abongereza witwa Commonwealth (Mariko 13:10). Igihe ibyo bihugu byahatiraga abaturage babyo kujya ku rugamba, byanze gusonera Abahamya ba Yehova kandi ari abakozi bo mu rwego rw’idini, ntibyabubahira inshingano yabo ya gitewokarasi yo kuba abakozi b’Imana. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, abagaragu bizerwa ba Yehova bagiriwe urugomo n’udutsiko tw’abantu, bakorerwa n’ibindi bintu byinshi byo kubatesha agaciro. Mu by’ukuri, bwa butegetsi bw’igihangange bwa karindwi bw’isi bwagerageje kuvanaho igitambo cy’ishimwe​—ari cyo “mbuto z’iminwa”​—ni ukuvuga “igitambo gihoraho” ubwoko bwa Yehova bumutambira buri gihe mu bihereranye no gusenga kwabwo (Abaheburayo 13:15). Muri ubwo buryo, ubwo butegetsi bw’igihangange bw’isi bwakoze “igicumuro” cyo kuvogera ahantu hagenewe rwose Imana Isumbabyose​—ni ukuvuga “ubuturo bwera” bwayo.

23. (a) Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, ni gute Ubutegetsi bw’Igihangange bw’Isi bw’u Bwongereza na Amerika bwahagurukijwe no “kurwanya Umwami w’abami”? (b) “Umwami w’abami” ni nde?

²³ Binyuriye mu gutoteza “abera” mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, iryo hembe rito ryarikujije, “ndetse ryireshyeshya n’umugaba w’ingabo.” Mu yandi magambo, nk’uko marayika Gaburiyeli abivuga, ryahagurukijwe no “kurwanya Umwami w’abami” (Daniyeli 8:11, 25). Izina ngo “Umwami w’abami” [aha ngaha] ryerekeza kuri Yehova Imana wenyine. Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo sar ryahinduwemo “umwami,” rifitanye isano n’inshinga isobanurwa ngo “gutegeka.” Uretse kuba ryerekeza ku mwana w’umwami cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wa cyami, iryo jambo rinakoreshwa ku muyobozi cyangwa umutware. Igitabo cya Daniyeli kivuga n’abandi batware b’abamarayika​—urugero nka Mikayire. Imana ni yo Mutware Mukuru utegeka abo batware bose. (Daniyeli 10:13, 21; gereranya na Zaburi 83:19, umurongo wa 18 muri Biblia Yera.) Mbese, dushobora gutekereza ko hari uwarwanya Yehova​—Umwami w’abami?

“UBUTURO BWERA” BWEZWA

24. Ni ikihe cyizere muri Daniyeli 8:14 haduha?

²⁴ Nta washobora kurwanya Umwami w’abami​—kabone n’ubwo yaba umwami “w’umunyamwaga,” urugero nk’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihangange bw’Isi bw’u Bwongereza na Amerika! Imihati y’uwo mwami yo guhindura urusengero rw’Imana umusaka, nta cyo igeraho. Intumwa y’umumarayika ivuga ko nyuma y’ “iminsi ibihumbi bibiri na magana atatu uko bukeye bukira,” ari bwo “ubuturo bwera buzabon[a] kwezwa,” mu yandi magambo ko “buzatsinda.”​—Daniyeli 8:13, 14; The New English Bible.

25. Igihe cy’ubuhanuzi cy’iminsi 2.300 kireshya gite, kandi se kigomba guhuzwa n’ibihe bintu byabayeho?

²⁵ Iminsi 2.300, ni igihe cy’ubuhanuzi. Ku bw’ibyo rero, hakoreshwa umwaka w’ubuhanuzi uhwanye n’iminsi 360 (Ibyahishuwe 11:2, 3; 12:6, 14). Muri ubwo buryo, iyo minsi 2.300 yahwana n’imyaka 6 n’amezi 4 n’iminsi 20. Icyo gihe cyabayeho ryari? Mu myaka ya za 30, ubwoko bw’Imana bwatangiye kugerwaho n’ibitotezo byagendaga birushaho kwiyongera mu bihugu binyuranye. No mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose kandi, Abahamya ba Yehova baratotejwe mu buryo burangwa n’ubugome mu bihugu byagengwaga n’ubutegetsi bw’inyabubiri bw’igihangange bw’isi bw’u Bwongereza na Amerika. Kubera iki? Ni ukubera ko batadohoka mu ‘kumvira Imana kuruta abantu’ (Ibyakozwe 5:29). Ku bw’ibyo rero, ya minsi 2.300 igomba kuba ifitanye isano n’iyo ntambara.b Ariko se, twavuga iki ku bihereranye n’intangiriro hamwe n’iherezo ry’iyo minsi y’ubuhanuzi?

26. (a) Ibyo kubara iminsi 2.300 byagombye mbere na mbere gutangira ryari? (b) Iminsi 2.300 yarangiye ryari?

²⁶ Kugira ngo “ubuturo bwera” “bwezwe,” cyangwa busubizwe mu mimerere bwagombye kubamo, iminsi 2.300 igomba kuba yaratangiye aho bwaherukiraga kuba mu mimerere yo ‘kwera’ dukurikije uko Imana ibibona. Mbere na mbere, icyo gihe hari ku itariki ya 1 Kamena 1938, igihe Umunara w’Umurinzi (mu Cyongereza) wasohokagamo igice cya 1 cy’ingingo yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Umuteguro.” Igice cya 2 cyasohotse mu nomero yo ku itariki ya 15 Kamena 1938 (mu Cyongereza). Iyo tubaze iminsi 2.300 (imyaka 6, amezi 4 n’iminsi 20 kuri kalendari ya Giheburayo) duhereye ku itariki ya 1 cyangwa iya 15 Kamena 1938, bitugeza ku itariki ya 8 cyangwa iya 22 Ukwakira 1944. Ku munsi wa mbere w’ikoraniro ryihariye ryabereye i Pittsburgh muri leta ya Pennsylvania, ho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, ku itariki ya 30 Nzeri n’iya 1 Ukwakira 1944, perezida wa Watch Tower Society yatanze disikuru ku mutwe wavugaga ngo “Gahunda ya Gitewokarasi Muri Iki Gihe.” Mu nama rusange ya buri mwaka yabaye ku itariki ya 2 Ukwakira, amahame ya Sosayiti yaravuguruwe, kugira ngo arusheho guhuza neza na gahunda ya Gitewokarasi mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Igihe ibyo Bibiliya idusaba byari bimaze gushyirwa ahagaragara neza, gahunda ya gitewokarasi ntiyatinze gushinga imizi mu buryo bwuzuye mu matorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova.

27. Ni ikihe gihamya kigaragaza ko ibyo gutamba “igitambo gihoraho” byari byaracogoye cyane mu myaka y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yari yuzuyemo ibitotezo?

²⁷ Mu gihe ya minsi 2.300 yagendaga ihita mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yatangiye mu mwaka wa 1939, ibyo gutamba “igitambo gihoraho” mu rusengero rw’Imana byaracogoye cyane, bitewe n’ibitotezo. Mu wa 1938, Watch Tower Society yari ifite amashami 39 agenzura umurimo w’Abahamya ku isi yose, ariko ahagana mu wa 1943 hari hasigaye 21 gusa. Ukwiyongera k’umubare w’ababwiriza b’Ubwami na ko kwari guke cyane muri icyo gihe.

28, 29. (a) Mu gihe Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yagendaga yegereza iherezo, ni ibihe bintu byabaye mu muteguro wa Yehova? (b) Twavuga iki ku bihereranye n’imihati mibisha y’umwanzi yo kugerageza guhindura umusaka no kurimbura “ubuturo bwera”?

²⁸ Nk’uko twabivuze, mu mezi ya nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, Abahamya ba Yehova bongeye gutsindagiriza icyemezo cyabo cyo guhesha ikuzo ubutegetsi bw’Imana binyuriye mu kuyikorera bagize umuteguro wa gitewokarasi. Iyo ntego ni yo yabateye kongera gushyira kuri gahunda umurimo wabo n’amahame abagenga mu mwaka wa 1944. Koko rero, Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Ukwakira 1944 (mu Cyongereza), wari urimo ingingo yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Twagizwe Umuteguro ku bw’Umurimo wa Nyuma.” Iyo ngingo hamwe n’izindi zavugaga ku bihereranye n’umurimo zasohotse muri icyo gihe, zagaragaje ko iminsi 2.300 yari yarashize, kandi ko “ubuturo bwera” bwari bwarongeye “kwezwa.”

²⁹ Imihati mibisha y’umwanzi yo kugerageza guhindura umusaka no kurimbura “ubuturo bwera,” yari yaratsinzwe burundu. Mu by’ukuri, “abera” bakiri ku isi, hamwe na bagenzi babo bagize imbaga y’ “abantu benshi,” bari baranesheje (Ibyahishuwe 7:9). Kandi ubwo buturo buri mu mimerere ikwiriye ya gitewokarasi, ubu buracyakomeza gukorera Yehova umurimo wera.

30. Vuba aha bizagendekera bite “umwami w’umunyamwaga”?

³⁰ Ubutegetsi bw’Igihangange bw’Isi bw’u Bwongereza na Amerika buracyategeka. Ariko kandi, marayika Gaburiyeli yavuze ko ‘buzavunagurika, nta wubukozeho’ (Daniyeli 8:25). Vuba aha cyane, ubwo butegetsi bw’igihangange bwa karindwi bw’isi bwo mu buhanuzi bwa Bibiliya​—uwo ‘mwami w’umunyamwaga’​—buzavunagurwa, butavunaguwe n’abantu, ahubwo buvunaguwe n’imbaraga z’indengakamere kuri Harimagedoni (Daniyeli 2:44; Ibyahishuwe 16:14, 16). Mbega ukuntu bishimishije kumenya ko icyo gihe ubutware bw’ikirenga bwa Yehova Imana, Umwami w’abami, buzavanwaho umugayo!

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

NI IKI WAMENYE?

• Ni iki kigereranywa

n’ “impfizi y’intama” ifite “amahembe abiri”?

n’ “[i]sekurume y’ihene y’igikomo” n’ “ihembe rinini” ryayo?

n’amahembe ane yameze mu mwanya w’iryo

‘hembe rinini’?

n’agahembe gato kashamitse kuri rimwe muri ayo mahembe ane?

• Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, ni gute Ubutegetsi bw’Igihangange bw’Isi bw’u Bwongereza na Amerika bwagerageje guhindura umusaka “ubuturo bwera,” kandi se bwaba bwarabigezeho?

[Ikarita/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 166]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu gitabo)

Ubwami bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi

MACÉDOINE

MISIRI

Memphis

ETIYOPIYA

Yerusalemu

Babuloni

Ecbatane

Suse

Persépolis

U BUHINDI

[Ikarita/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 169]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu gitabo)

Ubwami bw’u Bugiriki

MACÉDOINE

MISIRI

Babuloni

Uruzi rwa Indus

[Ikarita/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 172]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu gitabo)

Ubwami bw’Abaroma

U BWONGEREZA

U BUTALIYANI

Roma

Yerusalemu

MISIRI

[Ifoto yuzuye ipaji ya 164]

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 174]

Bimwe mu bikomerezwa byo mu Butegetsi bw’Igihangange bw’Isi bw’u Bwongereza na Amerika:

1. George Washington, perezida wa mbere wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (1789-​1797)

2. Umwamikazi Victoria w’u Bwongereza (1837-​1901)

3. Woodrow Wilson, perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (1913-​1921)

4. David Lloyd George, minisitiri w’intebe w’u Bwongereza (1916-​1922)

5. Winston Churchill, minisitiri w’intebe w’u Bwongereza (1940-​1945, 1951-​1955)

6. Franklin D. Roosevelt, perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika (1933-​1945)