Igice Cya Cumi Na Kimwe

Igihe cyo Kuza kwa Mesiya Gihishurwa

1. Ubwo Yehova ari we Mugenga w’igihe Mukuru, ni iki dushobora kwizera tudashidikanya?

YEHOVA ni we Mugenga w’igihe Mukuru. Ibihe byose bifitanye isano n’umurimo we, ni we ubigenga (Ibyakozwe 1:7). Ibintu byose yagennye ko bizagenda biba muri ibyo bihe, bizasohora nta kabuza. Ntibizahera.

2, 3. Ni ubuhe buhanuzi Daniyeli yakurikiraniraga hafi, kandi se ni ubuhe bwami bwategekaga Babuloni icyo gihe?

² Kubera ko umuhanuzi Daniyeli yigaga Ibyanditswe abigiranye umwete, yizeraga ubushobozi bwa Yehova bwo kugena ibintu bizabaho no gutuma biba. Icyari gishishikaje Daniyeli cyane, ni ubuhanuzi buhereranye n’irimbuka rya Yerusalemu. Yeremiya yari yaranditse ibyo Imana yari yaramuhishuriye ku birebana n’igihe umurwa wera wari kuzamara warahindutse umusaka, kandi Daniyeli yakurikiraniraga hafi ubwo buhanuzi. Yaranditse ati “mu mwaka wa mbere wo ku ngoma ya Dariyo mwene Ahasuwerusi wo mu rubyaro rw’Abamedi, wimitswe [ngo abe] umwami w’igihugu cy’Abakaludaya, muri uwo mwaka wa mbere wo ku ngoma ye, jyewe Daniyeli nasomye ibitabo binsobanurira umubare w’imyaka i Yerusalemu hazamara hashenywe, ko ari imyaka mirongo irindwi, byavuzwe n’ijambo ry’Uwiteka mu kanwa k’umuhanuzi Yeremiya.”​—Daniyeli 9:1, 2; Yeremiya 25:11.

³ Icyo gihe, Dariyo w’Umumedi yayoboraga “igihugu cy’Abakaludaya.” Ubuhanuzi Daniyeli yari yaravuze mbere y’aho igihe yasobanuraga inyandiko yo ku rukuta, bwari bwarahise busohora. Ubwami bwa Babuloni ntibwari bukiriho. Bwari ‘bwarahawe Abamedi n’Abaperesi’ mu wa 539 M.I.C.​—Daniyeli 5:24-​28, 30; 6:1 (5:31 muri Biblia Yera.)

DANIYELI YINGINGA YEHOVA YICISHIJE BUGUFI

4. (a) Ni iki cyari gikenewe kugira ngo haboneke agakiza k’Imana? (b) Ni mu buhe buryo Daniyeli yegereye Yehova?

⁴ Daniyeli yamenye ko imyaka 70 Yerusalemu yagombaga kumara yarahindutse umusaka yari hafi gushira. Ni iki yari gukora? We ubwe arabitwibwirira agira ati “mpanga amaso Umwami Imana yanjye, mushakisha gusenga no kwinginga, niyiriza ubusa, nambara ibigunira nisiga ivu. Nsenga Uwiteka Imana yanjye, nyaturira” (Daniyeli 9:3, 4). Hari hakenewe imimerere iboneye y’umutima, kugira ngo haboneke agakiza k’Imana karangwa n’impuhwe (Abalewi 26:31-​46; 1 Abami 8:46-​53). Hari hakenewe ukwizera, umutima wicisha bugufi no kwicuza mu buryo bwuzuye, ibyaha byari byaratumye bajyanwa mu bunyage bakagirwa abacakara. Ku bw’ibyo rero, Daniyeli yegereye Imana ku bw’ab’ubwoko bwe b’abanyabyaha. Mu buhe buryo? Yiyirije ubusa, agira umubabaro mwinshi kandi yambara ibigunira, icyo kikaba ari ikimenyetso cyo kwihana n’umutima utaryarya.

5. Kuki Daniyeli yumvaga yizeye ko Abayahudi bari kuzasubizwa mu gihugu cyabo?

⁵ Ubuhanuzi bwa Yeremiya bwari bwarahaye Daniyeli icyizere, kuko bwagaragazaga ko mu gihe gito Abayahudi bari bagiye kuzasubizwa mu gihugu cyabo cy’u Buyuda (Yeremiya 25:12; 29:10). Nta gushidikanya, Daniyeli yumvaga yizeye ko Abayahudi bari barakandamijwe bari kuzabona ihumure, kuko umugabo witwaga Kuro ari we wari umwami w’u Buperesi. Mbese, Yesaya ntiyari yarahanuye ko Kuro yari kuzakoreshwa mu kurekura Abayahudi bakajya kongera kubaka Yerusalemu n’urusengero (Yesaya 44:28–45:3)? Ariko kandi, Daniyeli nta kintu yari azi ku bihereranye n’ukuntu ibyo byari kuzagenda. Bityo rero, yakomeje kwinginga Yehova.

6. Ni iki Daniyeli yemeye mu isengesho?

⁶ Daniyeli yibanze cyane ku mpuhwe z’Imana n’ineza yayo yuje urukundo. Yemeye abigiranye ukwicisha bugufi ko Abayahudi bari baracumuye igihe bigomekaga, bakarenga ku mategeko ya Yehova kandi bakirengagiza abahanuzi be. Mu buryo bukwiriye, Imana yari ‘yarabirukanye ibahoye ibicumuro’ byabo. Daniyeli yasenze agira ati “Nyagasani, ku bwacu n’abami bacu n’abatware bacu na ba sogokuruza bacu ni ugukorwa n’isoni kuko twagucumuyeho. Umwami Imana yacu ni yo ifite imbabazi n’ibambe, nubwo twayigomeye, ntitwumvire Uwiteka Imana yacu ngo tugendere mu mategeko yayo yadushyize imbere, avuzwe n’abagaragu bayo b’abahanuzi. Ni koko, Abisirayeli bose bacumuye amategeko yawe, bariyobagiza, kugira ngo batakumvira; ni cyo cyatumye dusandazwamo umuvumo n’indahiro, byari byaranditswe mu mategeko ya Mose umugaragu w’Imana, kuko twagucumuyeho.”​—Daniyeli 9:5-​11; Kuva 19:5-8; 24:3, 7, 8.

7. Kuki dushobora kuvuga ko ibyo Yehova yakoze byari bikwiriye, igihe yemeraga ko Abayahudi bajyanwa mu bunyage?

⁷ Imana yari yarahaye Abisirayeli umuburo ku bihereranye n’ingaruka zo kutayumvira no kutita ku isezerano yari yaragiranye na bo (Abalewi 26:31-​33; Gutegeka 28:15; 31:17). Daniyeli yemeye ko ibyo Imana yakoze birangwa no gukiranuka, agira ati “maze ikomeza amagambo yayo yatuvuzeho, no ku bacamanza bacu, baduciraga imanza, ubwo yatuzaniraga ibyago bikomeye, kuko nta handi munsi y’ijuru higeze hagenzwa nk’uko i Yerusalemu hagenjejwe. Ibyo byago byose byadusohoyeho nk’uko byanditswe mu mategeko ya Mose; nyamara ntabwo twinginze Uwiteka Imana yacu, ngo itugirire imbabazi; ndetse ntitwareka gukiranirwa kwacu, ngo tumenye iby’ukuri byayo. Ni cyo cyatumye Uwiteka atugenera ibyo byago, akabiduteza, kuko Uwiteka Imana yacu ari yo ikiranuka mu mirimo yayo yose ikora; ariko twe ntituyumvira.”​—Daniyeli 9:12-​14.

8. Ni iki Daniyeli yibanzeho mu gutakambira Yehova?

⁸ Daniyeli ntiyagerageje kuvuganira ab’ubwoko bwe ku bihereranye n’ibyo bari barakoze. Bari bakwiriye kujyanwaho iminyago rwose, nk’uko yabyatuye agira ati “twaracumuye, dukora nabi” (Daniyeli 9:15). Nta n’ubwo kandi yari ahangayikishijwe gusa no kugobotorwa mu mibabaro. Oya, ahubwo mu gutakamba kwe, yibanze ku ikuzo rya Yehova n’icyubahiro cye. Mu gihe Imana yari kuba ibabariye Abayahudi ikabasubiza mu gihugu cyabo, yari kuba isohoje isezerano yari yaratanze binyuriye kuri Yeremiya, kandi yari kuba yejeje izina ryayo ryera. Daniyeli yinginze agira ati “Nyagasani ndakwinginze ku bwo gukiranuka kwawe kose, uburakari bwawe bw’inkazi buve ku murwa wawe i Yerusalemu no ku musozi wawe wera; kuko i Yerusalemu n’ubwoko bwawe bihindutse igisuzuguriro mu bantu bose badukikije, ku bw’ibyaha byacu no gukiranirwa kwa ba sogokuruza bacu.”​—Daniyeli 9:16.

9. (a) Mu isengesho rya Daniyeli ryo kwinginga, ni iki yaherukiyeho? (b) Ni iki cyari kibabaje Daniyeli, ariko se ni gute yagaragaje ko yari yitaye ku izina ry’Imana?

⁹ Mu isengesho rye rivuye ku mutima, Daniyeli yakomeje agira ati “noneho, Mana yacu, umva gusenga k’umugaragu wawe no kwinginga kwe, kandi ku bwawe, Uwiteka, umurikishirize mu maso hawe ubuturo bwawe bwera bwasenyutse. Mana yanjye, tega amatwi yawe wumve, hwejesha amaso yawe, urebe ibyacu byacitse n’umurwa wawe witwa uw’izina ryawe, kuko ibyo twakwingingiye, tutabigushyize imbere twishingikirije ku gukiranuka kwacu, ahubwo ni ku bw’imbabazi zawe nyinshi. Umva Nyagasani, babarira, Nyagasani, twumvire, Nyagasani, ugire icyo ukora ntutinde, Mana yanjye, kugira ngo izina ryawe ryubahwe; kuko umurwa wawe n’abantu bawe byitwa iby’izina ryawe” (Daniyeli 9:17-​19). Iyo Imana itaza kubabarira ubwoko bwayo ikaburekera mu bunyage, ikareka umurwa wayo wera Yerusalemu ugakomeza kuba ikidaturwa iteka, mbese amahanga yari kuyibona ko ari yo Mutware w’Ikirenga w’Isi n’Ijuru? Mbese, ayo mahanga ntiyari kubona ko Yehova adafite imbaraga zo guhangana n’imana z’i Babuloni? Ni koko, izina rya Yehova ryari guharabikwa, kandi ibyo ni byo byari bibabaje Daniyeli. Mu ncuro 19 izina ry’Imana, ari ryo Yehova, riboneka mu nyandiko y’umwimerere y’igitabo cya Daniyeli, 18 zose ziri muri iryo sengesho!

GABURIYELI AZA IKITARAGANYA

10. (a) Ni nde woherejwe ikitaraganya kuri Daniyeli, kandi kuki? (b) Kuki Daniyeli yerekeje kuri Gaburiyeli amwita “umugabo”?

¹⁰ Mu gihe Daniyeli agisenga, marayika Gaburiyeli agize atya araje. Aravuze ati “Daniyeli, ubu nzanywe no kungura ubwenge bwawe. Ugitangira kwinginga haje ijambo, kandi nzanywe no kurikubwira, kuko ukundwa cyane. Nuko iryo jambo uritekereze cyane, umenye n’ibyo weretswe.” Ariko se, kuki Daniyeli amwita “umugabo Gaburiyeli” (Daniyeli 9:20-​23)? Igihe Daniyeli yifuzaga gusobanukirwa ibyo yari yabanje kwerekwa ku bihereranye na ya sekurume y’ihene na ya mpfizi y’intama, yagiye kubona abona “igisa n’umuntu” kimuhagaze imbere. Yari marayika Gaburiyeli wari woherejwe kugira ngo ahe Daniyeli ibisobanuro byimbitse (Daniyeli 8:15-​17). Mu buryo nk’ubwo, Daniyeli akimara gusenga, uwo mumarayika yaje hafi ye afite ishusho y’umuntu, avugana na we nk’uko umuntu avugana n’undi.

11, 12. (a) N’ubwo nta rusengero cyangwa igicaniro cya Yehova cyari i Babuloni, ni gute Abayahudi bubahaga Imana bagaragazaga ko bita ku maturo yari yarategetswe n’Amategeko? (b) Kuki Daniyeli yiswe umuntu “wifuzwa cyane”?

¹¹ Gaburiyeli yaje ‘igihe cyo gutamba igitambo cya nimugoroba cyenda kugera.’ Igicaniro cya Yehova cyari cyararimburanywe n’urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu, kandi Abayahudi na bo bari baragizwe imbohe n’abapagani b’Abanyababuloni. Bityo rero, Abayahudi bari bari i Babuloni ntibatambiraga Imana ibitambo. Ariko kandi, ku Bayahudi bubahaga Imana bari i Babuloni, iyo ibihe byari byarategetswe mu Mategeko ya Mose byo gutamba ibitambo byabaga bigeze, byabaga bikwiriye ko basingiza Yehova kandi bakamutakambira. Kubera ko Daniyeli yari umuntu wari wariyeguriye Imana rwose, yiswe umuntu “ukundwa [“wifuzwa,” NW ] cyane.” Yehova, we “wumva ibyo [a]sabwa” yaramwishimiraga, ku buryo Gaburiyeli yahise yoherezwa ikitaraganya kujya gusubiza isengesho rya Daniyeli ryarangwaga no kwizera.​—Zaburi 65:3, umurongo wa 2 muri Biblia Yera.

¹² Ndetse n’igihe gusenga Yehova byari byatumye ubuzima bwa Daniyeli bujya mu kaga, yakomeje kujya asenga Imana gatatu mu munsi. (Daniyeli 6:11, 12, umurongo wa 10 n’uwa 11 muri Biblia Yera.) Ntibitangaje rero kuba Yehova yarabonaga ko ari umuntu wifuzwa cyane! Usibye n’isengesho, kuba Daniyeli yaratekerezaga cyane ku Ijambo ry’Imana, byatumaga amenya ibyo Yehova ashaka. Daniyeli yasengaga nta gucogora, kandi yari azi uburyo bukwiriye bwo kwegera Yehova kugira ngo amasengesho ye asubizwe. Yatsindagirizaga ku gukiranuka kw’Imana (Daniyeli 9:7, 14, 16). Kandi n’ubwo abanzi ba Daniyeli batashoboye kumubonaho ikosa na rimwe, we yari azi ko ari umunyabyaha mu maso y’Imana, kandi yicuzaga ibyaha bye abivanye ku mutima.​—Daniyeli 6:5, umurongo wa 4 muri Biblia Yera; Abaroma 3:23.

“IBYUMWERU MIRONGO IRINDWI” BYO KUMARAHO IBYAHA

13, 14. (a) Ni ikihe kintu cy’ingenzi Gaburiyeli yahishuriye Daniyeli? (b) “Ibyumweru mirongo irindwi” bireshya bite, kandi se tubizi dute?

¹³ Mbega igisubizo Daniyeli ahawe ku bw’isengesho rye! Yehova ntamwijeje gusa ko Abayahudi bari kuzasubizwa mu gihugu cyabo, ahubwo anamusobanuriye ikintu cy’ingenzi kurushaho​—ari cyo kuboneka kwa Mesiya wari warahanuwe. (Itangiriro 22:17, 18; Yesaya 9:5, 6, umurongo wa 6 n’uwa 7 muri Biblia Yera.) Gaburiyeli abwiye Daniyeli ati “ibyumweru mirongo irindwi bitegekewe ubwoko bwawe n’umurwa wera, kugira ngo ibicumuro bicibwe n’ibyaha bishire, no gukiranirwa gutangirwe impongano, haze gukiranuka ku iteka, ibyerekanywe n’ibyahanuwe bifatanishwe ikimenyetso; ahera cyane hasigwe amavuta. Nuko ubimenye, ubyitegereze yuko uhereye igihe bazategekera kubaka i Yerusalemu bayisana kugeza kuri Mesiya Umutware, hazabaho ibyumweru birindwi; maze habeho ibindi byumweru mirongo itandatu na bibiri, bahubake basubizeho imiharuro n’impavu; ndetse bizakorwa mu bihe biruhije.”​—Daniyeli 9:24, 25.

¹⁴ Ubwo bwari ubutumwa bwiza rwose! Yerusalemu ntiyari kuzasanwa ngo na gahunda yo gusenga isubizweho mu rusengero rushya byonyine gusa, ahubwo nanone “Mesiya Umutware” na we yari kuzaza mu gihe runaka cyihariye. Ibyo byari kuzaba mu gihe cy’ “ibyumweru mirongo irindwi.” Ubwo Gaburiyeli atavuze iminsi, ibyo si ibyumweru bigizwe n’iminsi irindwi kimwe kimwe, ari na byo byahwana n’iminsi 490​—ni ukuvuga umwaka umwe na kimwe cya gatatu cyawo gusa. Igikorwa cyari cyarahanuwe cyo kongera kubaka Yerusalemu ‘bakanasubizaho imiharuro n’impavu,’ cyamaze igihe kirekire kurusha icyo. Ibyo byumweru ni ibyumweru by’imyaka. Kuba buri cyumweru kireshya n’imyaka irindwi, bivugwa mu buhinduzi runaka bwo muri iki gihe. Urugero, muri Bibiliya Ntagatifu, hari ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji byatanzwe ku magambo yo muri Daniyeli 9:24, bigaragaza ko ari “ibyumweru mirongo irindwi by’imyaka.” Bibiliya yitwa An American Translation yo igira iti “ibyumweru mirongo irindwi by’imyaka byagenewe ubwoko bwawe n’umurwa wawe wera.” Amagambo yahinduwe mu buryo nk’ubwo aboneka no mu buhinduzi bwa Moffatt na Rotherham.

15. “Ibyumweru mirongo irindwi” byagabanyijwe mu bihe bihe bitatu, kandi se byari gutangira ryari?

¹⁵ Dukurikije amagambo ya marayika, ibyo ‘byumweru mirongo irindwi’ byari kuba bigabanyijemo ibihe bitatu: (1) “ibyumweru birindwi,” (2) “[i]byumweru mirongo itandatu na bibiri” na (3) icyumweru kimwe. Ibyo byari kuzaba imyaka 49, imyaka 434, n’imyaka 7​—yose hamwe ikaba imyaka 490. Igishimishije ni uko Bibiliya yitwa The Revised English Bible yo igira iti “imyaka irindwi incuro mirongo irindwi yashyiriweho ubwoko bwawe n’umurwa wawe wera.” Nyuma y’imyaka 70 Abayahudi bari kuzamara mu bunyage no mu mibabaro i Babuloni, Imana yari kuzabatonesha mu buryo bwihariye mu gihe cy’imyaka 490, ni ukuvuga imyaka 70 gukuba 7. Ibyo byagombaga kuzatangira ‘igihe [bari] kuzategekera kubaka Yerusalemu bayisana.’ Ibyo byari kuzaba ryari?

“IBYUMWERU MIRONGO IRINDWI” BITANGIRA

16. Nk’uko byagaragajwe n’itegeko rya Kuro, ni iyihe mpamvu yamuteye gusubiza Abayahudi mu gihugu cyabo?

¹⁶ Hari ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi byabaye bigomba kwitabwaho mu birebana no kumenya igihe “ibyumweru mirongo irindwi” byatangiriye. Icya mbere cyabaye mu wa 537 M.I.C., igihe Kuro yatangaga itegeko ry’uko Abayahudi basubira mu gihugu cyabo. Ryagiraga riti “Kuro, umwami w’u Buperesi, aravuga ati ‘Uwiteka Imana Nyiringabo yangabiye ibihugu by’abami bose byo mu isi; kandi yanyihanangirije kuyubakira inzu i Yerusalemu mu Buyuda. None umuntu wo mu bantu bayo wese uri muri mwe, Imana ye ibane na we, azamuke ajye i Yerusalemu mu Bayuda, yubake inzu y’Uwiteka Imana ya Isirayeli, ni yo Mana iba i Yerusalemu. Kandi umusuhuke wese, usigara aho yasuhukiye, abantu baho nibamufashishe ifeza n’izahabu n’ibintu n’amatungo, ukuyemo amaturo baturira inzu y’Imana y’i Yerusalemu babikunze’ ” (Ezira 1:2-4). Uko bigaragara, intego nyakuri y’iryo tegeko yari iyo gutuma urusengero​—ni ukuvuga “inzu y’Uwiteka”​—rwongera kubakwa aho rwahoze.

17. Urwandiko Ezira yahawe rwagaragazaga iyihe mpamvu yamuteye kujya i Yerusalemu?

¹⁷ Ikintu cya kabiri cyabaye mu mwaka wa karindwi w’ingoma ya Aritazeruzi Umwami w’u Buperesi (Aritazeruzi Longue-Main, umwana wa Xerxès wa I). Muri icyo gihe, Ezira umwanditsi yakoze urugendo rw’amezi ane, ava i Babuloni ajya i Yerusalemu. Yari ajyanye urwandiko rwihariye ruvuye ku mwami, ariko ntirwatangaga uburenganzira bwo kongera kubaka Yerusalemu. Ahubwo, ubutumwa Ezira yari yahawe bwari ubwo “kurimbisha inzu y’Uwiteka” gusa. Ni yo mpamvu urwo rwandiko rwavugaga iby’izahabu n’ifeza, ibikoresho byera, impano z’ingano, vino, amavuta n’umunyu byo gushyigikira gahunda yo gusenga yo mu rusengero, kandi rwanavugaga ko abahakora nta musoro bagombaga kwakwa.​—Ezira 7:6-​27.

18. Ni iyihe nkuru yabujije amahwemo Nehemiya, kandi se ni gute Umwami Aritazeruzi yabimenye?

¹⁸ Ikintu cya gatatu cyabaye nyuma y’imyaka 13, mu mwaka wa 20 w’ingoma ya Aritazeruzi Umwami w’u Buperesi. Icyo gihe, Nehemiya ni we wari umuhereza we wa vino “ibwami i Shushani.” Yerusalemu yari yarongeye kubakwa mu rugero runaka n’abasigaye bari barasubiyeyo bavuye i Babuloni. Ariko si ko byose byagendaga neza. Nehemiya yamenye ko ‘inkike z’i Yerusalemu [zari] zarasenyutse n’amarembo yaho agashya.’ Ibyo byamubujije amahwemo cyane, kandi bimutera umubabaro mu mutima. Igihe Nehemiya yabazwaga impamvu yari ababaye, yarashubije ati “umwami arakarama! Icyambuza kugaragaza umubabaro ni iki, ko umurwa n’ahantu h’ibituro bya ba sogokuruza habaye amatongo, n’amarembo yaho akaba yarahiye?”​—Nehemiya 1:1-3; 2:1-3.

19. (a) Igihe Nehemiya yabazwaga ikibazo n’Umwami Aritazeruzi, ni iki yabanje gukora? (b) Ni iki Nehemiya yasabye, kandi se ni gute yazirikanye uruhare Imana yari ibifitemo?

¹⁹ Inkuru ihereranye na Nehemiya ikomeza igira iti “umwami arambaza ati ‘hari icyo unsaba?’ Nuko nsaba Imana nyir’ijuru. Maze nsubiza umwami nti ‘niba umwami abikunze, kandi umugaragu wawe nkakugiraho ubuhake, unyohereze i Buyuda mu murwa urimo ibituro bya ba sogokuruza, mbone kuwubaka.’ ” Icyo cyifuzo cyashimishije Aritazeruzi, maze anemera ikindi kintu Nehemiya yongeye kumusaba agira ati “umwami niyemera, bampe inzandiko zo gushyira ibisonga bye byo hakurya y’uruzi [Ufurate], ngo bampe inzira ngere i Buyuda. Bampe n’urwandiko rwo gushyira Asafu umurinzi w’ikibira cy’umwami, kugira ngo ampe ibiti byo kubazamo ibikingi by’amarembo y’umunara w’inzu, kandi n’iby’inkike z’umurwa, n’iby’inzu nzabamo.” Nehemiya yazirikanye uruhare Yehova yari afite muri ibyo byose, maze agira ati “umwami arabinyemerera [ko mpabwa inzandiko], abitewe n’ukuboko kwiza kw’Imana yanjye kwari kundiho.”​—Nehemiya 2:4-8.

20. (a) Ni ryari ijambo ryo ‘gutegeka kubaka i Yerusalemu bahasana’ ryatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa? (b) Ni ryari “ibyumweru mirongo irindwi” byatangiye, kandi se byarangiye ryari? (c) Ni ibihe bihamya bigaragaza ko amatariki yerekana igihe “ibyumweru mirongo irindwi” byatangiriye n’igihe byarangiriye ari ay’ukuri?

²⁰ N’ubwo uburenganzira bwatanzwe mu kwezi kwa Nisani, mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 20 w’ingoma ya Aritazeruzi, amagambo ‘yategekaga kubaka i Yerusalemu bayisana’ yatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa nyuma y’amezi runaka. Ibyo byabaye igihe Nehemiya yageraga i Yerusalemu maze agatangira umurimo we wo gusubiza ibintu mu buryo. Urugendo rwa Ezira rwari rwaramaze amezi ane, ariko i Shushani ho hari mu birometero 322 werekeza mu burasirazuba bwa Babuloni, ku bw’ibyo rero hakaba hari hakabije kuba kure y’i Yerusalemu. Ku bw’ibyo, birashoboka cyane ko Nehemiya yaba yarageze i Yerusalemu ahagana ku iherezo ry’umwaka wa 20 w’ingoma ya Aritazeruzi, ni ukuvuga mu wa 455 M.I.C. Icyo ni cyo gihe bya ‘byumweru mirongo irindwi’ byari byarahanuwe, ni ukuvuga imyaka 490, byatangiriye. Byari kuzarangira mu mpera z’umwaka wa 36 I.C.​—Reba ingingo ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ingoma ya Aritazeruzi Yatangiye Ryari?,” ku ipaji ya 197.

“MESIYA UMUTWARE” AZA

21. (a) Ni ibiki byagombaga gukorwa mu ‘byumweru birindwi’ bya mbere, kandi se, ibyo byari kuzakorwa n’ubwo hari kuzaba hariho iyihe mimerere? (b) Ni uwuhe mwaka Mesiya yari ateganyijwe kuzazamo, kandi se Ivanjiri ya Luka ivuga ko icyo gihe habaye iki?

²¹ Hashize imyaka ingahe mbere y’uko Yerusalemu irangiza gusanwa neza? Ibyo gusubiza uwo murwa mu mimerere wahozemo byagombaga gukorwa “mu bihe biruhije” bitewe n’ingorane, ari izari mu Bayahudi ubwabo, no kuba bararwanywaga n’Abasamariya n’abandi bantu. Uko bigaragara, uwo murimo warangiye mu rugero ruhagije, ahagana mu wa 406 M.I.C.​—mu gihe cya bya ‘byumweru birindwi,’ cyangwa imyaka 49 (Daniyeli 9:25). Hari hagiye gukurikiraho igihe cy’ibyumweru 62, cyangwa imyaka 434. Nyuma y’icyo gihe, Mesiya wari umaze igihe kirekire yarasezeranyijwe yari kuzaza. Iyo tubaze imyaka 483 (49 kongeraho 434) duhereye mu mwaka wa 455 M.I.C., bitugeza mu mwaka wa 29 I.C. Byagenze bite icyo gihe? Luka umwanditsi w’Ivanjiri aratubwira ati “mu mwaka wa cumi n’itanu wo ku ngoma ya Kayisari Tiberiyo, ubwo Pontiyo Pilato yari umutegeka w’i Yudaya, na Herode yari umwami w’i Galilaya, . . . ni bwo ijambo ry’Imana ryageze kuri Yohana mwene Zakariya ari mu butayu. Ajya mu gihugu cyose giteganye na Yorodani, abwiriza abantu iby’umubatizo wo kwihana ngo bababarirwe ibyaha.” Icyo gihe, “abantu bari bategereje” (NW ) Mesiya.​—Luka 3:1-3, 15.

22. Ni ryari kandi ni mu buhe buryo Yesu yabaye Mesiya wahanuwe?

²² Yohana si we wari Mesiya wasezeranyijwe. Ariko kandi, yerekeje ku byo yiboneye igihe Yesu w’i Nazareti yabatizwaga ku muhindo w’umwaka wa 29 I.C., agira ati ‘nabonye umwuka umanuka uva mu ijuru, usa n’inuma, utinda kuri we. Icyakora, sinari muzi, keretse yuko Iyantumye kubatirisha amazi yambwiye iti “uwo uzabona umwuka umanukira, ukagwa kuri we, uwo ni we ubatirisha umwuka wera”; nanjye mbibonye, mpamya yuko ari Umwana w’Imana’ (Yohana 1:32-​34). Igihe Yesu yabatizwaga, yabaye Uwasizwe​—ni ukuvuga Mesiya, cyangwa Kristo. Nyuma y’aho gato, Andereya umwigishwa wa Yohana yahuye na Yesu wasizwe, maze aza kubwira Simoni Petero ati “twabonye Mesiya” (Yohana 1:41). Ku bw’ibyo rero, “Mesiya Umutware” yaziye igihe nyacyo​—ni ukuvuga ku iherezo ry’ibyumweru 69!

IBYARI KUZABA MU CYUMWERU CYA NYUMA

23. Kuki byari ngombwa ko “Mesiya Umutware” apfa, kandi se ibyo byari kuzaba ryari?

²³ Ni ibiki byari kuzakorwa mu cyumweru cya 70? Gaburiyeli yavuze ko “ibyumweru mirongo irindwi” byari byarashyiriweho “kugira ngo ibicumuro bicibwe n’ibyaha bishire, no gukiranirwa gutangirwe impongano, haze gukiranuka ku iteka, ibyerekanywe n’ibyahanuwe bifatanishwe ikimenyetso; ahera cyane hasigwe amavuta.” Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, “Mesiya Umutware” yagombaga gupfa. Ryari? Gaburiyeli yagize ati “ibyo byumweru uko ari mirongo itandatu na bibiri nibishira, Mesiya azakurwaho, kandi nta cyo azaba asigaranye. . . . Uwo mutware azasezerana na benshi isezerano rikomeye rimare icyumweru kimwe. Nikigera hagati, azabuzanya ibitambo n’amaturo” (Daniyeli 9:26a, 27a). Igihe kigoye cyari kuzaba ‘icyumweru kimwe kigeze hagati,’ ni ukuvuga hagati mu cyumweru cya nyuma cy’iyo myaka.

24, 25. (a) Nk’uko byari byarahanuwe, ni ryari Kristo yapfuye, kandi se urupfu rwe no kuzuka kwe byavanyeho iki? (b) Ni iki cyashobotse binyuriye ku rupfu rwa Yesu?

²⁴ Umurimo Yesu Kristo yakoreye mu ruhame watangiye mu mpera z’umwaka wa 29 I.C., kandi wamaze imyaka itatu n’igice. Nk’uko byari byarahanuwe, mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 33 I.C., Kristo ‘yakuweho’ igihe yapfiraga ku giti cy’umubabaro, agatanga ubuzima bwe bwa kimuntu kugira ngo bube incungu y’abantu (Yesaya 53:8; Matayo 20:28). Ibyo gukenera ibitambo by’amatungo n’amaturo byari byarategetswe n’Amategeko, byahagaze igihe Yesu wazutse yajyaga mu ijuru akamurikira Imana agaciro k’ubuzima bwe bwa kimuntu bwatambwe. N’ubwo abatambyi b’Abayahudi bakomeje gutanga amaturo kugeza aho urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu rurimburiwe mu wa 70 I.C., ibyo bitambo ntibyari bicyemerwa n’Imana. Byari byarasimbuwe n’igitambo kirushijeho kuba cyiza, igitambo kitari kuzigera cyongera gutambwa. Intumwa Pawulo yaranditse iti “[Kristo yatambye] igitambo kimwe cy’iteka cy’ibyaha . . . Kuko abezwa yabatunganishije rwose igitambo kimwe kugeza iteka ryose.”​—Abaheburayo 10:12, 14.

²⁵ N’ubwo icyaha n’urupfu byakomeje kwibasira abantu, gukurwaho kwa Yesu agapfa no kuba yarazutse agahabwa ubuzima mu ijuru byasohoje ubuhanuzi. Byatumye ‘ibicumuro bicibwa, ibyaha birashira, gukiranirwa gutangirwa impongano, haza gukiranuka.’ Imana yari yaravanyeho isezerano ry’Amategeko, ryari ryaragaragaje ko Abayahudi bari abanyabyaha kandi rikabaciraho iteka (Abaroma 5:12, 19, 20; Abagalatiya 3:13, 19; Abefeso 2:15; Abakolosayi 2:13, 14). Icyo gihe noneho, abanyabyaha bihannye bashoboraga kubabarirwa ibyaha byabo, bakanavanirwaho ibihano byabyo. Binyuriye ku gitambo cy’impongano cya Mesiya, abari kugaragaza ukwizera bose bashoboraga kwiyunga n’Imana. Bashoboraga kwiringira kuzahabwa impano y’Imana y’ “ubugingo buhoraho muri Yesu Kristo.”​—Abaroma 3:21-​26; 6:22, 23; 1 Yohana 2:1, 2.

26. (a) N’ubwo isezerano ry’Amategeko ryari ryaravanyweho, ni irihe sezerano ‘rikomeye ryamaze icyumweru kimwe’? (b) Ni iki cyabaye ku iherezo ry’icyumweru cya 70?

²⁶ Nguko uko Yehova yavanyeho isezerano ry’Amategeko binyuriye ku rupfu rwa Kristo mu mwaka wa 33 I.C. None se, ni mu buhe buryo dushobora kuvuga ko Mesiya yagombaga ‘gusezerana na benshi isezerano rikomeye rikamara icyumweru kimwe’? Ni mu buryo bw’uko yagumishijeho isezerano rya Aburahamu. Imana yakomeje guha Abaheburayo bakomokaga kuri Aburahamu imigisha ishingiye kuri iryo sezerano, kugeza aho icyumweru cya 70 gishiriye. Ariko ku iherezo ry’ “ibyumweru mirongo irindwi” by’imyaka, mu mwaka wa 36 I.C., intumwa Petero yabwirije Umutaliyani wubahaga Imana witwaga Koruneliyo, abo mu rugo rwe hamwe n’abandi Banyamahanga. Kandi kuva uwo munsi, ubutumwa bwiza bwatangiye kubwirizwa mu banyamahanga.​—Ibyakozwe 3:25, 26; 10:1-​48; Abagalatiya 3:8, 9, 14.

27. “Ahera cyane” hasizwe amavuta ni hehe, kandi se ni gute hasizwe?

²⁷ Nanone kandi, bwa buhanuzi bwahanuye ibyo gusigwa amavuta kw’ “ahera cyane.” Ibyo ntibyerekeza ku gusigwa kw’icyumba cyabaga imbere mu rusengero rw’i Yerusalemu cyitwaga Ahera Cyane. Aha ngaha, amagambo ngo “ahera cyane” yerekeza ku rusengero rwo mu ijuru rw’Imana. Aho ni ho Yesu yamurikiye Se agaciro k’igitambo cye cya kimuntu. Umubatizo wa Yesu wabaye mu mwaka wa 29 I.C. wasize amavuta, mu yandi magambo warobanuye iyo mimerere yo mu buryo bw’umwuka yo mu ijuru yagereranywaga n’Ahera Cyane ho mu ihema ry’ibonaniro ryo ku isi n’aho mu rusengero rwubatswe nyuma y’aho.​—Abaheburayo 9:11, 12.

UBUHANUZI BWAHAMIJWE N’IMANA

28. “[Gufatanisha ikimenyetso] ibyerekanywe n’ibyahanuwe” byasobanuraga iki?

²⁸ Ubuhanuzi buhereranye na Mesiya bwavuzwe na marayika Gaburiyeli, bwanavuze ibyo “[gufatanisha ikimenyetso] ibyerekanywe n’ibyahanuwe.” Ibyo byasobanuraga ko ibintu byose byahanuwe ku bihereranye na Mesiya​—ibyo yagezeho byose binyuriye ku gitambo cye, kuzuka no kujya mu ijuru kwe, kimwe n’ibindi bintu byagombaga kuzaba muri cya cyumweru cya 70​—byagombaga gushyirwaho ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko byemewe n’Imana, ko byari kuzasohora, kandi ko byashoboraga kwiringirwa. Ibyerekanywe byagombaga gufatanishwa ikimenyetso, bikazasohorera gusa kuri Mesiya wenyine. Byagombaga kuzasohora binyuriye kuri we no ku mirimo Imana yari kuzakora binyuriye kuri we. Ibintu byari kuzaba kuri Mesiya wari warahanuwe ni byo byonyine byari kuzaduha ibisobanuro nyakuri by’ibyerekanywe. Nta kindi kintu cyari kuzamena cya kimenyetso kibifatanyije ngo kigaragaze ibyo bisobanuro.

29. Byagombaga kuzagendekera bite Yerusalemu yongeye kubakwa, kandi kuki?

²⁹ Mbere y’aho, Gaburiyeli yari yarahanuye ko Yerusalemu yari kuzongera kubakwa. Ubu noneho, ahanuye ko uwo murwa wongeye kubakwa hamwe n’urusengero rwawo bizarimburwa, agira ati “abantu b’umutware uzaza bazarimbura umurwa n’ubuturo bwera; uwo iherezo rye rizaba nk’utembanywe n’umwuzure w’amazi, intambara n’ibyago bizarinda bigeza imperuka, ni ko bitegetswe. . . . Umurimbuzi azaza ku ibaba ry’ibizira; maze kugeza ku mperuka yategetswe, uburakari buzasandazwa kuri uwo murimbuzi” (Daniyeli 9:26b, 27b). N’ubwo iryo rimbuka ryagombaga kuzabaho nyuma ya bya ‘byumweru mirongo irindwi,’ ryari kuzaba ritewe mu buryo butaziguye n’ibintu byari kuzaba mu ‘cyumweru’ cya nyuma, igihe Abayahudi bangaga Kristo bakanamwicisha.​—Matayo 23:37, 38.

30. Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’inkuru z’ibyabaye mu mateka, ni gute iteka ryari ryaraciwe n’Umugenga w’igihe Mukuru ryasohoye?

³⁰ Inkuru z’ibyabaye mu mateka zigaragaza ko mu mwaka wa 66 I.C., ingabo z’Abaroma ziyobowe na Guverineri wa Siriya Cestius Gallus zagose Yerusalemu. N’ubwo Abayahudi bagerageje kwihagararaho, izo ngabo z’Abaroma zinjiye muri uwo murwa zifite amabendera n’ibimenyetso by’ibigirwamana byazo, zitangira gucukura urukuta rwo mu majyaruguru rw’urusengero. Kuba zari zihagaze aho hantu, byatumye ziba “ikizira” cyashoboraga gutuma habaho irimbuka ridasubirwaho (Matayo 24:15, 16). Mu mwaka wa 70 I.C., Abaroma bayobowe na Jenerali Titus baje nk’ “umwuzure” maze barimbura uwo murwa n’urusengero rwawo. Nta cyigeze kibatangira, kuko ibyo byari ‘byarategetswe’ n’Imana. Aha nanone, Umugenga w’igihe Mukuru, Yehova, yari asohoje ijambo rye!

NI IKI WAMENYE?

• Igihe imyaka 70 Yerusalemu yagombaga kumara yarahindutse umusaka yari igiye gushira, ni iki Daniyeli yabwiye Yehova amwinginga?

• “Ibyumweru mirongo irindwi” byareshyaga bite, kandi se byatangiye ryari, birangira ryari?

• “Mesiya Umutware” yaje ryari, kandi se ni mu kihe gihe kigoye ‘yakuweho’?

• Ni irihe sezerano rikomeye ‘yasezeranye na benshi rikamara icyumweru kimwe’?

• Ni iki cyabaye nyuma ya bya ‘byumweru mirongo irindwi’?

[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 197]

Ingoma ya Aritazeruzi Yatangiye Ryari?

ABAHANGA mu by’amateka ntibemeranya ku mwaka Umwami Aritazeruzi w’u Buperesi yatangiriyemo gutegeka. Hari bamwe bavuga ko yafashe ubutegetsi mu wa 465 M.I.C., bitewe n’uko se Xerxès yatangiye gutegeka mu wa 486 M.I.C., kandi akaba yarapfuye mu mwaka wa 21 w’ingoma ye. Ariko kandi, hari ibihamya bigaragaza ko Aritazeruzi yagiye ku ntebe y’ubwami mu wa 475 M.I.C., maze agatangira umwaka wa mbere w’ingoma ye mu wa 474 M.I.C.

Inyandiko n’amashusho byataburuwe i Persépolis, umurwa mukuru w’u Buperesi bwa kera, bigaragaza ko Xerxès na se Dariyo wa I bafatanyije gutegeka. Niba baramaze imyaka 10 bafatanyije, maze Xerxès akaza gutegeka mu gihe cy’imyaka 11 wenyine Dariyo amaze gupfa mu wa 486 M.I.C., icyo gihe umwaka wa mbere w’ingoma ya Aritazeruzi waba wari umwaka wa 474 M.I.C.

Igihamya cya kabiri ni igihereranye n’Umujenerali wo muri Athènes witwaga Thémistocle, watsinze ingabo za Xerxès mu wa 480 M.I.C. Nyuma y’aho, Abagiriki baje kumwishyiramo, maze bamushinja ubugambanyi. Thémistocle yahungiye mu Buperesi ibwami, maze yakirwa neza. Dukurikije uko Thucydide, umuhanga mu by’amateka w’Umugiriki yabivuze, ibyo byabaye ari bwo Aritazeruzi “akimara kujya ku ntebe y’ubwami.” Umuhanga mu by’amateka w’Umugiriki witwaga Diodore de Sicile avuga ko Thémistocle yapfuye mu mwaka wa 471 M.I.C. Kubera ko Thémistocle yasabye ko yabanza kumara umwaka yiga Igiperesi mbere y’uko agirana ikiganiro n’Umwami Aritazeruzi, agomba kuba yarageze muri Aziya Ntoya nibura mu wa 473 M.I.C. Iyo tariki ishyigikirwa n’igitabo cyitwa Chronique d’Eusèbe cyanditswe na Jérôme. Kubera ko Thémistocle yageze muri Aziya mu wa 473 M.I.C. ari bwo Aritazeruzi yari “akimara kujya ku ntebe y’ubwami,” umuhanga mu bya Bibiliya w’Umudage witwa Ernst Hengstenberg yanditse mu gitabo cye Christology of the Old Testament ko ingoma ya Aritazeruzi yatangiye mu wa 474 M.I.C., nk’uko n’abandi babivuga. Yongeyeho ati “umwaka wa makumyabiri w’ingoma ya Aritazeruzi, ni umwaka wa 455 mbere ya Kristo.”

[Ifoto]

Ishusho y’igihimba cya Thémistocle

[Imbonerahamwe/Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 188, 189]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu gitabo)

“IBYUMWERU MIRONGO IRINDWI”

Ibyumweru 7 Ibyumweru62 Icyumweru 1

Imyaka 49 Imyaka 434 Imyaka 7

[Ifoto yuzuye ipaji ya 180]

[Ifoto yuzuye ipaji ya 193]