Igice Cya Gatanu

Ukwizera Kwabo Kwanesheje Ibigeragezo Bikomeye

1. Ni ibihe byiyumvo abantu benshi bagira ku bihereranye no kwiyegurira Imana n’igihugu cyabo?

MBESE, Imana ni yo wagombye kwiyegurira cyangwa ni igihugu utuyemo? Abantu benshi bashobora gusubiza bati ‘byombi ndabyubaha. Nsenga Imana mu buryo buhuje n’idini ryanjye; nanone kandi, nirinda gutenguha igihugu cyanjye.’

2. Ni mu buhe buryo umwami w’i Babuloni yari umuntu w’umunyedini akaba n’umunyapolitiki?

² Itandukaniro riri hagati yo kwiyegurira idini no gukunda igihugu rishobora kutagaragara neza muri iki gihe, ariko muri Babuloni ya kera ho, ni nk’aho iryo tandukaniro ritanabagaho rwose. Mu by’ukuri, ibintu byo mu buzima busanzwe n’ibintu byera byaravangwaga, ku buryo kubitandukanya rimwe na rimwe byabaga bidashoboka. Umwarimu wo muri kaminuza witwa Charles F. Pfeiffer yaranditse ati “muri Babuloni ya kera, umwami yabaga ari Umutambyi Mukuru akaba n’umutegetsi usanzwe. Yatambaga ibitambo kandi akagenga imibereho ihereranye n’idini ry’abaturage be.”

3. Ni iki kigaragaza ko Nebukadinezari yari umunyedini cyane?

³ Dufate urugero rw’Umwami Nebukadinezari. Izina rye ubwaryo risobanurwa ngo “Nyamuna Nebo, Rinda Umuragwa w’Ubwami!” Nebo yari imana y’ubwenge n’ubuhinzi y’Abanyababuloni. Nebukadinezari yari umuntu w’umunyedini cyane. Nk’uko byigeze kuvugwa, yubakiye imana nyinshi z’Abanyababuloni insengero kandi arazitaka, akaba yarasengaga cyane cyane Marduk, ari na yo yizeraga ko yatumaga anesha.a Kandi uko bigaragara, Nebukadinezari yishingikirizaga cyane ku bupfumu mu gukora gahunda ze z’intambara.​—Ezekiyeli 21:23-28, umurongo wa 18-23 muri Biblia Yera.

4. Sobanura umwuka w’iby’idini warangwaga i Babuloni.

⁴ Mu by’ukuri, umwuka w’iby’idini wari wiganje i Babuloni hose. Uwo mujyi wari ufite insengero zisaga 50 zasengerwagamo imana n’imanakazi nyinshi cyane, hakubiyemo n’ubutatu bw’imana yitwa Anu (imana y’ijuru), Enlil (imana y’isi, y’umwuka n’iy’imvura ya rukokoma n’imiyaga) na Ea (imana itegeka amazi). Ubundi butatu bwari bugizwe na Sin (imana-kwezi), Shamash (imana-zuba) na Ishtar (imanakazi y’uburumbuke). Ubumaji, ubupfumu no kuraguza inyenyeri byari bifite umwanya ukomeye mu iyobokamana ry’Abanyababuloni.

5. Ni ikihe kibazo cy’ingorabahizi imimerere ya kidini yarangwaga i Babuloni yateraga Abayahudi bari barajyanywe mu bunyage?

⁵ Kuba hagati y’abantu basengaga imana nyinshi, byari ikibazo cy’ingorabahizi ku Bayahudi bari barajyanywe mu bunyage. Ibinyejana byinshi mbere y’aho, Mose yari yaraburiye Abisirayeli ababwira ingaruka zibabaje zari kuzabageraho, mu gihe bari kuba bigometse kuri Nyir’ugutanga amategeko w’Ikirenga. Mose yarababwiye ati “wowe n’umwami uziyimikira, Uwiteka azabashyira ishyanga utigeze kumenya, wowe na ba sekuruza banyu; kandi uzakorererayo izindi mana z’ibiti n’amabuye.”​—Gutegeka 28:15, 36.

6. Kuki kuba mu gihugu cya Babuloni byari ikibazo cy’ingorabahizi mu buryo bwihariye kuri Daniyeli, Hananiya, Mishayeli na Azariya?

⁶ Muri icyo gihe, Abayahudi baje gusanga bari muri iyo mimerere yari yarahanuwe. Gukomeza gushikama kuri Yehova byari bikomeye, cyane cyane kuri Daniyeli, Hananiya, Mishayeli na Azariya. Abo basore bane b’Abaheburayo bari baratoranyijwe mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo batozwe imirimo yo mu butegetsi (Daniyeli 1:3-5). Wibuke ko bari baranahawe amazina y’i Babuloni​—ari yo Beluteshazari, Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego​—bikaba bishoboka ko bayahawe kugira ngo bibasunikire guhuza n’imimerere mishya bari bagezemo.b Kubera ko abo bagabo bari bafite umwanya wo mu rwego rwo hejuru, bari guhita bagaragara mu gihe bari kwanga gusenga imana zo muri icyo gihugu​—ndetse bigatuma bafatwa nk’abagambanyi.

IGISHUSHANYO CY’IZAHABU GITEZA AKAGA

7. (a) Vuga uko igishushanyo Nebukadinezari yahagaritse cyari kimeze. (b) Icyo gishushanyo cyari kigamije iki?

⁷ Uko bigaragara, Nebukadinezari yashatse gushimangira ubumwe bw’ubwami bwe maze ahagarika igishushanyo cya zahabu mu kibaya cya Dura. Uburebure bwacyo bwari mikono 60 (metero 27), ubugari bwacyo bukaba bwari mikono 6 (metero 2, 7).c Hari abatekereza ko icyo gishushanyo cyari ikintu cy’inkingi gusa, cyangwa umunara wa mpande enye, ku mutwe wawo hameze nk’umutemeri nyamigongo. Gishobora kuba cyari kimeze nka fondasiyo ndende cyane yari iriho ishusho nini isa n’umuntu, wenda yagereranyaga Nebukadinezari ubwe cyangwa imana Nebo. Uko byaba biri kose, uwo munara muremure wagereranyaga Ubwami bwa Babuloni. Muri ubwo buryo, wari warakorewe kurebwa no gusengwa.​—Daniyeli 3:1.

8. (a) Ni bande bahamagawe mu muhango wo gutaha icyo gishushanyo, kandi se ni iki abari bahari bose basabwe gukora? (b) Ni ikihe gihano cyari giteganyirijwe abari kwanga kubarara imbere y’icyo gishushanyo?

⁸ Nebukadinezari yaje gutegura umuhango wo gutaha icyo gishushanyo. Yateranyije abatware be b’intebe, abatware bakuru, ibisonga, abajyanama, abanyabigega, abacamanza, abahanga mu by’amategeko n’abakuru b’intara bose. Uwari ushinzwe gutangaza itegeko ry’umwami yararanguruye ati “yemwe bantu b’amoko yose y’indimi zitari zimwe, nimwumve uko tubategeka, ngo nimwumva amajwi y’amahembe n’imyironge n’inanga n’isambuka n’amabubura n’amakondera n’ibintu by’ubwoko bwose bivuga, muhereko mwubarare hasi muramye igishushanyo cy’izahabu Umwami Nebukadinezari yakoze; ariko umuntu wese wanga kubarara hasi ngo aramye, ako kanya arajugunywa mu itanura ry’umuriro ugurumana.”​—Daniyeli 3:2-6.

9. Uko bigaragara, kubarara imbere y’igishushanyo Nebukadinezari yari yahagaritse byasobanuraga iki?

⁹ Bamwe bavuga ko Nebukadinezari yaba yarateguye uwo muhango agamije guhatira Abayahudi gutera umugongo gahunda yabo yo gusenga Yehova. Ibyo bishobora kuba atari byo, kuko bigaragara ko abategetsi bakuru ari bo bonyine bari batumiwe kuri uwo munsi. Ku bw’ibyo, Abayahudi bari kuba bahari ni abo mu nzego zimwe na zimwe z’ubutegetsi bonyine. Bityo rero, kubarara imbere y’icyo gishushanyo bisa n’aho byari umuhango wari ugamije gukomeza ubufatanye bw’abari bari mu nzego z’ubutegetsi. Umuhanga witwa John F. Walvoord yagize ati “kwigaragaza muri ubwo buryo kw’abategetsi bakuru, ku ruhande rumwe byari uburyo bushimishije bwo kugaragaza imbaraga z’ubwami bwa Nebukadinezari, ku rundi ruhande bikaba byari uguha icyubahiro imana zabo batekerezaga ko ari zo zabahaga gutsinda.”

ABAGARAGU BA YEHOVA BANGA GUTESHUKA

10. Kuki abatari Abayahudi batagize ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose cyo gukurikiza itegeko rya Nebukadinezari?

¹⁰ N’ubwo abenshi mu bari bateraniye imbere y’igishushanyo cya Nebukadinezari basengaga imana zitandukanye, umutimanama ntiwabakubise ngo ubabuze kugisenga. Umuhanga umwe mu byerekeye Bibiliya yagize ati “bose bari bamenyereye gusenga ibigirwamana, kandi gusenga imana imwe ntibyababuzaga kuramya n’iyindi.” Yakomeje agira ati “ibyo byari bihuje n’ibitekerezo byari byogeye mu basengaga ibigirwamana, bivuga ko hariho imana nyinshi . . . kandi ko kuramya imana isengwa n’abandi bantu cyangwa ikindi gihugu nta cyo byari bitwaye rwose.”

11. Kuki Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego banze kubarara imbere y’igishushanyo?

¹¹ Ariko ku Bayahudi bo ibintu byari ibindi bindi. Bari barahawe itegeko n’Imana yabo Yehova rigira riti “ntukiremere igishushanyo kibajwe, cyangwa igisa n’ishusho yose iri hejuru mu ijuru, cyangwa hasi ku butaka, cyangwa mu mazi yo hepfo y’ubutaka: ntukabyikubite imbere, ntukabikorere: kuko Uwiteka [“Yehova,” NW ] Imana yawe ndi Imana ifuha” (Kuva 20:4, 5). Ku bw’ibyo rero, igihe umuzika wari utangiye maze abahateraniye bakubarara imbere ya cya gishushanyo, ba basore batatu b’Abaheburayo​—ari bo Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego​—bakomeje guhagarara.​—Daniyeli 3:7.

12. Ni iki Abakaludaya bamwe bashinje ba Baheburayo batatu, kandi kuki?

¹² Kuba abo bategetsi batatu b’Abaheburayo baranze gusenga icyo gishushanyo byatumye Abakaludaya bamwe bazabiranywa n’uburakari. Bahise basanga umwami maze ‘barega Abayahudi.’d Nta bisobanuro bari bakeneye. Mu gushaka ko abo Baheburayo bahabwa igihano bitewe n’ubuhemu n’ubugambanyi bwabo, abo babaregaga baravuze bati “hariho Abayuda wahaye gutwara igihugu cy’i Babuloni, ni bo Saduraka na Meshaki na Abedenego, batakwitayeho, Nyagasani, ntibakorera imana zawe, kandi banze kuramya cya gishushanyo cy’izahabu wahagaritse.”​—Daniyeli 3:8-12.

13, 14. Ni gute Nebukadinezari yabyifashemo ku birebana n’imyifatire yagaragajwe na Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego?

¹³ Mbega ukuntu Nebukadinezari agomba kuba yaramanjiriwe bitewe n’uko abo Baheburayo batatu basuzuguye itegeko rye! Byagaragazaga neza ko atari yarashoboye guhindura Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego ngo babe abayoboke b’indahemuka b’Ubwami bwa Babuloni. Mbese, ntiyari yarabigishije ubwenge bw’Abakaludaya? Ndetse yari yaranahinduye amazina yabo! Ariko kandi, niba Nebukadinezari yaribwiraga ko izo nyigisho zihambaye zari kubigisha uburyo bushya bwo gusenga, cyangwa ko guhindura amazina yabo byari guhindura na kamere yabo, aho yaribeshyaga cyane. Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego bakomeje kuba abagaragu ba Yehova b’indahemuka.

¹⁴ Umwami Nebukadinezari yazabiranyijwe n’uburakari. Ako kanya yatumije Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego. Yarababajije ati “mbese Saduraka na Meshaki na Abedenego, ni mwe mwabyitumye kudakorera imana zanjye no kutaramya igishushanyo cy’izahabu nakoze?” Nta gushidikanya, ibyo Nebukadinezari yabivuze mu buryo bugaragaza ko byari bimutangaje cyane ku buryo atabyemeraga na gato. N’ubundi kandi, agomba kuba yaratekereje ati ‘ni gute abagabo batatu bafite ubwenge buzima bashobora gusuzugura itegeko nk’iryo risobanutse neza​—kandi riteganya ibihano bikomeye ku batari kurikurikiza?’​—Daniyeli 3:13, 14.

15, 16. Ni ayahe mahirwe Nebukadinezari yahaye ba Baheburayo batatu?

¹⁵ Nebukadinezari yashatse guha abo Baheburayo batatu andi mahirwe. Yaravuze ati “nuko noneho nimwumva amajwi y’amahembe n’imyironge n’inanga n’isambuka n’amabubura n’amakondera n’ibintu by’ubwoko bwose bivuga, mukemera kubarara hasi mukaramya igishushanyo nakoze, ni byiza; ariko nimutakiramya, ako kanya murajugunywa mu itanura ry’umuriro ugurumana; mbese imana iri bubakize amaboko yanjye ni iyihe?”​—Daniyeli 3:15.

¹⁶ Uko bigaragara, Nebukadinezari ntiyazirikanye cyane isomo yahawe na cya gishushanyo cyo mu nzozi (ziboneka muri Daniyeli igice cya 2). Wenda yari yaribagiwe ibyo we ubwe yibwiriye Daniyeli agira ati “Imana yanyu ni yo Mana nyamana, ni [U]mwami w’abami” (Daniyeli 2:47). Ubwo noneho, Nebukadinezari yasaga n’aho arimo ashotora Yehova, avuga ko na We ubwe atashoboraga gukiza abo Baheburayo igihano cyari kibategereje.

17. Ni gute Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego bitabiriye ibyo bari babwiwe n’umwami?

¹⁷ Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego ntibari bakeneye kongera gusuzuma icyo kibazo. Ako kanya barashubije bati “Nebukadinezari, nta mpamvu ituma tugusubiza iryo jambo. Niba ari ibyo, Imana yacu dukorera ibasha kudukiza mu itanura ry’umuriro ugurumana; kandi izadukiza ukuboko kwawe, Nyagasani. Ariko naho itadukiza, Nyagasani, umenye ko tutari bukorere imana zawe haba no kuramya icyo gishushanyo cy’izahabu wakoze.”​—Daniyeli 3:16-18.

MU ITANURA RY’UMURIRO UGURUMANA CYANE!

18, 19. Byagenze bite igihe Abaheburayo batatu bajugunywaga mu itanura ry’umuriro ugurumana cyane?

¹⁸ Nebukadinezari yazabiranyijwe n’uburakari maze ategeka abagaragu be gucana itanura rikarushaho kwaka inkubwe zirindwi uko ryari risanzwe ryaka. Hanyuma ategeka “abanyambaraga” kuboha Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego bakabajugunya mu “itanura ry’umuriro ugurumana.” Bubahirije amabwiriza bari bahawe n’umwami maze bajugunya ba Baheburayo batatu mu muriro, baboshye kandi bambaye imyambaro yabo​—wenda kugira ngo bahite bashya ako kanya bakongoke. Ariko kandi, ba bambari ba Nebukadinezari ubwabo ni bo bishwe n’ibirimi by’umuriro.​—Daniyeli 3:19-22.

¹⁹ Ariko rero, hari ikintu gitangaje cyari kirimo kiba. N’ubwo Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego bari bari hagati mu itanura ry’umuriro ugurumana cyane, ibirimi by’umuriro ntibyabatwikaga. Tekereza ukuntu byatangaje Nebukadinezari! Bari bajugunywe mu muriro ugurumana cyane, baboshywe bikomeye, ariko bari bakiri bazima. Ndetse bari barimo banagendagenda mu muriro! Ariko hari ikindi Nebukadinezari yaje kubona. Yabajije abayobozi be bakuru ati “harya ntitwajugunye mu muriro abantu batatu baboshywe?” Baramusubiza bati “ni koko, Nyagasani.” Nuko Nebukadinezari ararangurura ati “dore ndareba abantu bane babohowe, bagenda mu muriro hagati, kandi nta cyo babaye; ariko ishusho y’uwa kane irasa n’iy’umwana w’Imana.”​—Daniyeli 3:23-25.

20, 21. (a) Ni iki Nebukadinezari yabonye kuri Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego igihe basohokaga mu itanura ry’umuriro? (b) Ni iki Nebukadinezari yahatiwe kwemera?

²⁰ Nebukadinezari yigiye ku muryango wa rya tanura ry’umuriro ugurumana cyane. Arahamagara ati “yemwe, ba Saduraka na Meshaki na Abedenego, mwa bagaragu b’Imana Isumbabyose mwe, nimusohoke muze hano.” Ba Baheburayo uko ari batatu baherako bava mu muriro. Nta gushidikanya ko abiboneye n’amaso yabo icyo gitangaza​—hakubiyemo n’abatware b’intebe, abatware bakuru, ibisonga n’abategetsi bo mu nzego zo hejuru​—bose bumiwe. Abo basore uko ari batatu basaga n’aho batigeze bakandagiza ikirenge mu itanura! Nta mwotsi wabanukagaho, kandi nta n’umusatsi wo ku mitwe yabo wigeze ubabuka.​—Daniyeli 3:26, 27.

²¹ Icyo gihe noneho Umwami Nebukadinezari yahatiwe kwemera ko Yehova ari we Mana Isumbabyose. Yagize ati “Imana ya Saduraka na Meshaki na Abedenego ishimwe, ni yo yohereje marayika wayo, ikiza abagaragu bayo bayiringiye, kuko bigurukije ijambo ry’umwami, bagahara amagara yabo, kugira ngo batagira indi mana yose bakorera cyangwa basenga, itari Imana yabo.” Hanyuma, umwami yongeraho umuburo ukomeye ugira uti “ni cyo cyatumye nca iteka, kugira ngo umuntu wese wo mu moko yose y’indimi zitari zimwe uzavuga nabi Imana ya Saduraka na Meshaki na Abedenego, azatemagurw[e], kandi urugo rwe ruzahindurw[e] nk’icyavu; kuko ari nta yindi mana ibasha gukiza bene aka kageni.” Icyo gihe, ba Baheburayo batatu bongeye kugira igikundiro imbere y’umwami maze ‘abogeza mu gihugu cy’i Babuloni.’​—Daniyeli 3:28-30.

UKWIZERA N’IBIGERAGEZO BIKOMEYE MURI IKI GIHE

22. Ni gute abagaragu ba Yehova bo muri iki gihe bahura n’imimerere imeze nk’iyo Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego bahuye na yo?

²² Muri iki gihe, abasenga Yehova bahura n’imimerere imeze nk’iyo Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego bahuye na yo. Mu by’ukuri, ubwoko bw’Imana bushobora kutaba mu bunyage mu buryo nyabwo. Ariko kandi, Yesu yavuze ko abigishwa be ‘batari [kuba] ab’isi’ (Yohana 17:14). Ni “abimukira” mu buryo bw’uko badakurikiza imigenzo, imitekerereze n’ibikorwa by’abantu babakikije bidahuje n’Ibyanditswe. Nk’uko intumwa Pawulo yabyanditse, Abakristo ntibagomba ‘kwishushanya n’ab’iki gihe.’​—Abaroma 12:2.

23. Ni gute ba Baheburayo batatu bagaragaje ugushikama, kandi se ni gute Abakristo bo muri iki gihe bashobora gukurikiza urugero rwabo?

²³ Ba Baheburayo batatu banze kwishushanya na gahunda y’ibintu y’i Babuloni. Ndetse n’ubwenge bw’Abakaludaya bigishijwe mu buryo bunonosoye ntibwigeze butuma bahinduka. Igihagararo cyabo mu birebana no gusenga cyari igihagararo kidasubirwaho, kandi bari bashikamye kuri Yehova. Muri iki gihe, Abakristo na bo bagomba kugaragaza ugushikama nk’uko. Ntibagomba kugira isoni zo kuba abantu banyuranye n’ab’isi. Ni koko, “isi irashirana no kwifuza kwayo” (1 Yohana 2:17). Bityo rero, byaba ari ubupfu n’imfabusa gushaka kwishushanya n’iyi gahunda y’ibintu igeze aharindimuka.

24. Ni gute igihagararo Abakristo b’ukuri bagira gihuje n’icya ba Baheburayo batatu?

²⁴ Abakristo bagomba kwirinda uburyo bwose bwo gusenga ibigirwamana, hakubiyemo n’uburyo bufifitse.e (1 Yohana 5:21). Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego barumviye bahagarara imbere ya cya gishushanyo cy’izahabu babigiranye ikinyabupfura, ariko bari bazi ko kubarara imbere yacyo byari birenze ibyo kugaragaza icyubahiro gusa. Cyari igikorwa cyo gusenga, kandi kubyifatanyamo byari kubakururira umujinya wa Yehova (Gutegeka 5:8-10). Uwitwa John F. Walvoord yaranditse ati “mu by’ukuri, ibyo byari ukuramutsa ibendera, n’ubwo nanone bishobora kuba byari bifite icyo bisobanura mu bihereranye n’idini, bitewe n’uko kuba indahemuka mu birebana n’idini no mu birebana n’igihugu byagendanaga.” Muri iki gihe, Abakristo b’ukuri bagira igihagararo nk’icyo kidakuka cyo kwirinda gusenga ibigirwamana.

25. Ni irihe somo wavanye mu nkuru ivuga ibyabaye mu mibereho ya Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego?

²⁵ Inkuru yo muri Bibiliya ivuga ibihereranye na Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego ni urugero rugaragara ku bantu bose biyemeje kwiyegurira Yehova wenyine nta kindi bamubangikanyije na cyo. Uko bigaragara, intumwa Pawulo yazirikanaga abo Baheburayo batatu igihe yerekezaga ku bantu benshi bagaragaje ukwizera, hakubiyemo n’ ‘abazimije umuriro ugurumana cyane’ (Abaheburayo 11:33, 34). Yehova azagororera abantu bose bigana uko kwizera. Abo Baheburayo batatu bakijijwe itanura ry’umuriro ugurumana cyane, ariko dushobora kwiringira tudashidikanya ko azazura ab’indahemuka bose batakaza ubuzima bwabo bitewe n’uko bakomeza gushikama, maze akazabaha ubuzima bw’iteka. Uko byagenda kose, Yehova “arinda ubugingo bw’abakunzi be; abakiza amaboko y’abanyabyaha.”​—Zaburi 97:10.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

NI IKI WAMENYE?

• Kuki Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego banze kubarara imbere y’igishushanyo cyahagaritswe na Nebukadinezari?

• Ni gute Nebukadinezari yabyifashemo ku birebana n’igihagararo cya ba Baheburayo batatu?

• Ni gute Yehova yagororeye abo Baheburayo batatu ku bwo kwizera kwabo?

• Ni iki kwita ku nkuru y’ibyabaye mu mibereho ya Saduraka, Meshaki na Abedenego bikwigishije?

[Ifoto yuzuye ipaji ya 68]

[Amafoto yuzuye ipaji ya 70]

1. Umunara w’urusengero (“ziggurat”) i Babuloni

2. Urusengero rwa Marduk

3. Icyapa cy’umuringa kigaragaza imana Marduk (ibumoso) na Nebo (iburyo) zihagaze ku biyoka

4. Ishusho ya Nebukadinezari wari uzwi cyane kubera ibikorwa bye by’ubwubatsi

[Ifoto yuzuye ipaji ya 76]

[Ifoto yuzuye ipaji ya 78]