Umucyo mu Bihe by’Intumwa
“Umucyo ubibirwa umukiranutsi umunezero ubibirwa imitima itunganye.”—ZABURI 97:11.
1. Ni mu buhe buryo Abahamya ba Yehova muri iki gihe bameze nk’Abakristo bo mu gihe cya mbere?
MBEGA ukuntu twebwe, Abakristo b’ukuri twishimira rwose amagambo yo muri Zaburi 97:11! ‘Umucyo watubibiwe’ incuro nyinshi. Koko rero, bamwe muri twe bagiye babona umucyo wa Yehova umurika cyane mu gihe cy’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. Ibyo byose bitwibutsa amagambo yanditswe mu Migani 4:18, hasomwa ngo “inzira y’umukiranutsi ni nk’umuseke utambitse, ugakomeza gukura ukageza ku manywa y’ihangu.” Kubera ko twemera Ibyanditswe aho kwemera imigenzo y’abantu, twebwe Abahamya ba Yehova tumeze nk’Abakristo bo mu gihe cya mbere. Imyifatire yabo ishobora kugaragarira neza mu bitabo by’amateka by’Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo, no mu nzandiko zabyo zahumetswe n’Imana.
2. Ni ibiki byari bikubiye mu mucyo wa mbere abigishwa ba Yesu bahawe?
2 Umucyo wamuritswe ubwa mbere abigishwa ba Yesu Kristo babonye, wari uhereranye na Mesiya. Andereya yabwiye mwene se Simoni Petero ati “twabonye Mesiya” (Yohana 1:41). Nyuma y’igihe runaka, Data uri mu ijuru yahaye intumwa Petero ubushobozi bwo kuvuga amagambo nk’ayo, ubwo yabwiraga Yesu Kristo ati “uri Kristo, Umwana w’Imana ihoraho.”—Matayo 16:16, 17; Yohana 6:68, 69.
Umucyo ku Bihereranye n’Itegeko Bahawe ryo Kubwiriza
3, 4. Nyuma y’umuzuko we, ni uwuhe mucyo Yesu yahaye abigishwa be ku birebana n’umurimo wabo w’igihe cyari kuzaza?
3 Yesu Kristo amaze kuzuka, yatanze umucyo ku bihereranye n’inshingano ireba abigishwa be bose. Birashoboka rwose ko abigishwa bagera kuri 500 bari bateraniye i Galilaya ari bo yabwiye ati “nuko mugende muhindure abantu bo mu mahanga yose abigishwa, mubabatiza mu izina rya Data wa twese n’Umwana n’[u]mwuka [w]era: mubigisha kwitondera ibyo nababwiye byose. Kandi dore ndi kumwe namwe iminsi yose, kugeza ku mperuka y’isi” (Matayo 28:19, 20; 1 Abakorinto 15:6). Nyuma y’aho, abigishwa ba Kristo bose bagombaga kuba ababwiriza, kandi bakaba batari barategetswe kujya kubwiriza “[i]ntama zazimiye z’umuryango wa Isirayeli” gusa (Matayo 10:6). Ndetse nta n’ubwo bagombaga kubatiza umubatizo wa Yohana, ngo bibe ikimenyetso cyo kubabarirwa ibyaha. Ahubwo, bagombaga kubatiza abantu “mu izina rya Data wa twese n’Umwana n’[u]mwuka [w]era.”
4 Mbere gato y’uko Yesu azamuka akajya mu ijuru, intumwa ze 11 zizerwa zamubajije zigira ziti “mbese Mwami, iki ni cyo gihe wenda kugaruriramo ubwami mu Bisirayeli?” Aho gusubiza icyo kibazo, Yesu yatanze andi mabwiriza ahereranye n’umurimo wazo wo kubwiriza agira ati “icyakora muzahabwa imbaraga, [u]mwuka [w]era n[u]bamanukira; kandi muzaba abagabo bo kumpamya, i Yerusalemu n’i Yudaya yose n’i Samariya no kugeza ku mpera y’isi.” Kugeza icyo gihe, bari barabaye abahamya ba Yehova gusa, noneho ariko ubwo, bari no kuba abahamya ba Kristo.—Ibyakozwe 1:6-8.
5, 6. Ni uwuhe mucyo abigishwa ba Yesu bahawe kuri Pentekote?
5 Iminsi cumi nyuma y’aho, mbega kurabagirana k’umucyo abigishwa ba Yesu bahawe! Ku munsi wa Pentekote wo mu wa 33 I.C., ku ncuro ya mbere, basobanukiwe mu buryo bwuzuye icyo muri Yoweli 3:1, 2; [2:28, 29 muri Biblia Yera] hasobanura, hagira hati “[jyewe Yehova] nzasuka umwuka wanjye ku bantu bose; abahungu banyu n’abakobwa banyu bazahanura, abakambwe banyu bazarota, n’abasore banyu bazerekwa. Ndetse n’abagaragu banjye n’abaja banjye nzabasukira ku mwuka wanjye muri iyo minsi.” Abigishwa ba Yesu babonye umwuka wera, mu ishusho y’ibirimi by’umuriro, biri ku mitwe yabo bose—ni ukuvuga abagabo n’abagore bagera hafi ku 120—bari bateraniye i Yerusalemu.—Ibyakozwe 1:12-15; 2:1-4.
6 Nanone ku munsi wa Pentekote, ku ncuro ya mbere, abigishwa basobanukiwe ko amagambo yo muri Zaburi 16:10, yerekezaga kuri Yesu Kristo wazuwe. Umwanditsi wa Zaburi yari yaravuze ati ‘[wowe Yehova Imana] ntuzareka ubugingo bwanjye ngo bujye ikuzimu, kandi ntuzakundira umukunzi wawe ko abona kubora.’ Abigishwa bamenye ko ayo magambo atashoboraga kwerekezwa ku Mwami Dawidi, kuko igituro cye cyari kikiri hamwe na bo kugeza uwo munsi. Ntibitangaje rero kuba abagera ku 3.000 mu bumvise uwo mucyo mushya usobanurwa baremeye, ku buryo babatijwe uwo munsi nyine!—Ibyakozwe 2:14-41.
7. Ni uwuhe mucyo urabagirana, intumwa Petero yabonye mu gihe yajyaga gusura umusirikare mukuru w’Umuroma witwaga Koruneliyo?
7 Abisirayeli bamaze ibinyejana byinshi, bishimira ibyo Imana yabavuzeho igira iti “ni mwe gusa namenye bo mu miryango yose yo mu isi” (Amosi 3:2). Bityo rero, mu by’ukuri uwo wari umucyo urabagirana wamurikiye intumwa Petero n’abari bamuherekeje kwa Koruneliyo, umutware w’Umuroma, utegeka umutwe w’abasirikare, ubwo umwuka wera wamanukiraga ku ncuro ya mbere Abanyamahanga batakebwe bizera. Ni iby’ingenzi kuzirikana ko icyo ari cyo gihe cyonyine umwuka wera wari utanzwe mbere yo kubatizwa. Ariko rero, ibyo ni ko byagombaga kumera. Na ho ubundi, Petero ntiyashoboraga kumenya ko abo Banyamahanga batakebwe bari bakwiriye kubatizwa. Mu gushimira mu buryo bwuzuye icyo icyo gikorwa gisobanura, Petero yarabajije ati “aba . . . [Banyamahanga] bahawe [u]mwuka [w]era nkatwe, ni nde ubasha kubima amazi ngo batabatizwa?” Birumvikana ko nta n’umwe wari uri aho wari ukwiriye kubirwanya, ku bw’ibyo kandi, abo Banyamahanga barabatijwe.—Ibyakozwe 10:44-48; gereranya n’Ibyakozwe 8:14-17.
Hehe no Kongera Gukebwa
8. Kuki gucika ku nyigisho yo gukebwa byagoye bamwe mu Bakristo bo mu gihe cya mbere?
8 Undi mucyo w’ukuri wagaragaye ku bihereranye n’ikibazo cyo gukebwa. Igikorwa cyo gukebwa cyatangiye mu mwaka wa 1919 M.I.C., gitangirana n’isezerano Yehova yagiranye na Aburahamu. Icyo gihe, Imana yategetse Aburahamu ko we n’abandi bo mu rugo rwe b’igitsina gabo bose bagombaga gukebwa (Itangiriro 17:9-14, 23-27). Bityo, gukebwa byabaye ikimenyetso kiranga abo mu rubyaro rwa Aburahamu. Kandi mbega ukuntu bari bishimiye icyo gikorwa! Ku bw’ibyo rero, imvugo ngo “utakebwe” yaje kuba imvugo isuzuguza (Yesaya 52:1; 1 Samweli 17:26, 27). Biroroshye kubona impamvu bamwe mu Bakristo ba mbere b’Abayahudi bashakaga gutsimbarara kuri icyo kimenyetso. Bamwe muri bo bagiranye impaka na Pawulo na Barinaba, ku bihereranye n’icyo kibazo. Kugira ngo zikemuke, Pawulo hamwe n’abandi bagiye i Yerusalemu kugisha inama inteko nyobozi ya Gikristo.—Ibyakozwe 15:1, 2.
9. Ni uwuhe mucyo wahishuriwe inteko nyobozi yo mu gihe cya mbere, nk’uko byanditswe mu Byakozwe igice cya 15?
9 Icyo gihe, nta bwo Abakristo ba mbere babonye umucyo mu buryo bw’igitangaza kigaragara, ubagaragariza ko gukebwa bitari bikiri ngombwa ku bagaragu ba Yehova. Ahubwo, babonye umucyo mwinshi binyuriye mu gushakashaka mu Byanditswe, bishingikirije ku buyobozi bw’umwuka wera, no gutega amatwi inkuru z’ibyabaye zavugwaga na Petero hamwe na Pawulo, ku bihereranye no guhinduka kw’Abanyamahanga batakebwe (Ibyakozwe 15:6-21). Umwanzuro wafashwe, wanditswe mu rwandiko rwasomwe igice gusa muri aya magambo ngo “[u]mwuka [w]era hamwe natwe twashimye kutabikoreza undi mutwaro wose keretse ibi bikwiriye: kwirinda inyama zaterekerejwe ibishushanyo bisengwa, n’amaraso, n’ibinizwe, no gusambana” (Ibyakozwe 15:28, 29). Ku bw’ibyo rero, Abakristo ba mbere bari babatuwe ku itegeko ryasabaga gukebwa no ku bindi byasabwaga n’Amategeko ya Mose. Ni yo mpamvu, Pawulo yashoboraga kubwira Abakristo b’i Galatiya ati “Kristo yatubaturiye kuba ab’umudendezo.”—Abagalatiya 5:1.
Umucyo mu Mavanjiri
10. Ni uwuhe mucyo wahishuwe mu Ivanjiri ya Matayo?
10 Nta washidikanya ko Ivanjiri ya Matayo, yanditswe ahagana mu wa 41 I.C., ikubiyemo umucyo mwinshi umurika ku bw’inyungu z’abayisoma. Ugereranyije, bake mu Bakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere ni bo biyumviye Yesu asobanura inyigisho ze. Mu buryo bwihariye, Ivanjiri ya Matayo yatsindagirije ko umutwe w’ikibwiriza cya Yesu wari Ubwami. Kandi se, mbega ukuntu Yesu yari yaratsindagirije cyane akamaro ko kugira intego zikwiriye! Mbega umucyo wagaragaye mu Kibwiriza cye cyo ku Musozi, mu migani ye (nk’iyanditswe mu gice cya 13), no mu buhanuzi bwe bukomeye buri mu gice cya 24 n’icya 25! Ibyo byose byamenyeshejwe Abakristo ba mbere mu nkuru zo mu Ivanjiri ya Matayo, yanditswe hashize hafi imyaka umunani gusa nyuma ya Pentekote yo mu wa 33 I.C.
11. Ni iki gishobora kuvugwa ku bihereranye n’ibikubiye mu Mavanjiri ya Luka na Mariko?
11 Mu myaka igera hafi kuri 15 nyuma y’aho, Luka yanditse Ivanjiri ye. N’ubwo inkuru zibonekamo nyinshi zisa n’iza Matayo, 59 ku ijana ni izongerewemo. Luka yanditse ibitangaza bya Yesu bigera kuri bitandatu bitaboneka mu yandi Mavanjiri, hamwe n’indi migani Ye ikubye incuro zisaga ebyiri iyo abandi banditsi b’Amavanjiri banditse. Uko bigaragara, nyuma y’imyaka mike, Mariko yanditse Ivanjiri ye, atsindagiriza ko Yesu Kristo ari umugabo urangwa n’ibikorwa, ukora ibitangaza. N’ubwo ahanini Mariko yanditse ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibyo Matayo na Luka bari baranditse, hari umugani umwe yanditse, bo batigeze bandika. Muri uwo mugani, Yesu yagereranyije Ubwami bw’Imana n’imbuto zimera, zigakura, kandi zikagenda zera.a—Mariko 4:26-29.
12. Ni mu rugero rungana iki Ivanjiri ya Yohana yatanzemo umucyo mwinshi?
12 Hanyuma, hakurikiraho Ivanjiri ya Yohana, yanditswe hashize imyaka 30 Mariko yanditse inkuru ye. Mbega ukuntu Yohana yatanze urumuri rwinshi cyane ku bihereranye n’umurimo wa Yesu, cyane cyane yerekeza ku mibereho Ye mbere y’uko aba umuntu ku isi! Yohana ni we wenyine wavuze inkuru yo kuzuka kwa Lazaro, kandi ni we wenyine utugezaho ibintu byinshi Yesu yashimiraga intumwa ze zizerwa hamwe n’isengesho risusurutsa umutima yavuze mu ijoro yagambaniwemo. Mu by’ukuri, bavuga ko 92 ku ijana by’ibikubiye mu Ivanjiri ya Yohana byihariye.
Umucyo mu Nzandiko za Pawulo
13. Kuki bamwe bagiye babona urwandiko Pawulo yandikiye Abaroma nk’aho rwari Ivanjiri?
13 Intumwa Pawulo yari imenyereye cyane cyane kuzanira Abakristo bariho mu bihe by’intumwa umucyo w’ukuri. Urugero, hari urwandiko Pawulo yandikiye Abaroma, rwanditswe ahagana mu wa 56 I.C.—ugereranyije hakaba hari mu gihe kimwe n’icyo Luka yanditsemo Ivanjiri ye. Muri urwo rwandiko, Pawulo atsindagiriza avuga ko gukiranuka tugukesha ubuntu twagiriwe n’Imana, hamwe no kwizera Yesu Kristo. Kuba Pawulo yaratsindagirije iyo ngingo y’ubutumwa bwiza, byatumye bamwe babona urwandiko yandikiye Abaroma nk’aho ari Ivanjiri ya gatanu.
14-16. (a) Mu rwandiko rwe rwa mbere Pawulo yandikiye Abakristo b’i Korinto, ni uwuhe mucyo yatanze ku bihereranye n’ubumwe bwari bukenewe? (b) Ni uwuhe mucyo wundi ukubiye mu rwa mbere rw’Abakorinto, ku bihereranye n’imyifatire?
14 Pawulo yanditse ku bihereranye n’ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byabuzaga amahwemo Abakristo b’i Korinto. Urwandiko yandikiye Abakorinto, rukubiyemo inama nyinshi zahumetswe, zagiye zungura Abakristo kugeza no muri iki gihe. Mbere na mbere, yagombaga kumurikira Abakorinto ku bihereranye n’amakosa bakoraga, bashingiraga ugusenga kwabo ku dutsiko tw’abantu bamwe na bamwe bazwi cyane. Intumwa yagoroye ibitekerezo byabo, ibabwira ishize amanga igira iti “bene Data, ndabingingira mu izina ry’Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo, kugira ngo mwese muvuge kumwe; kandi he kugira ibice biremwa muri mwe, ahubwo muhurize hamwe rwose, muhuje imitima n’inama.”—1 Abakorinto 1:10-15.
15 Ubwiyandarike bukabije bwarihanganirwaga mu itorero rya Gikristo ry’i Korinto. Hari umugabo wari wafashe muka se, bityo akora “ubusambanyi, ndetse bw’uburyo butaboneka no mu bapagani.” Pawulo yanditse mu buryo bweruye ati “mukure uwo munyabyaha muri mwe” (1 Abakorinto 5:1, 11-13). Icyo cyari ikintu gishyashya ku itorero rya Gikristo—ni ukuvuga guca umuntu mu itorero. Ikindi kibazo itorero ry’i Korinto ryari rikeneye kumurikirwaho, ni ibyarebanaga n’ikibazo cy’uko bamwe mu bagize itorero bajyanaga abavandimwe babo mu nkiko z’isi kugira ngo bakemure ibibazo. Pawulo yarabakangaye cyane bitewe no kuba barakoze ibyo.—1 Abakorinto 6:5-8.
16 Nanone, ikindi kibazo cyari cyibasiye itorero ry’i Korinto, ni ikirebana n’imibonano mpuzabitsina. Mu 1 Abakorinto igice cya 7, Pawulo yerekanye ko bitewe n’ubusambanyi bwari bwogeye, byari kuba byiza ko buri mugabo wese yagira umugore we bwite, n’umugore wese akagira umugabo we bwite. Nanone kandi, Pawulo yerekanye ko n’ubwo abatarashatse bashoboraga gukorera Yehova bafite ibibarangaza bike, bose atari ko bari bafite iyo mpano y’ubuseribateri. Kandi mu gihe umugore yabaga apfushije umugabo, yari kuba afite uburenganzira bwo kongera gushaka, ariko agashakana n’uri “mu Mwami wacu [gusa].”—1 Abakorinto 7:39.
17. Ni uwuhe mucyo Pawulo yatanze ku nyigisho y’umuzuko?
17 Binyuriye kuri Pawulo, mbega umucyo Umwami yamuritse ku bihereranye n’umuzuko! Ni uwuhe mubiri Abakristo basizwe bazazukana? Pawulo yanditse agira ati “ubibwa ari umubiri wa kavukire, ukazazurwa ari umubiri w’umwuka.” Nta mubiri bunyama uzajyanwa mu ijuru, kuko “abafite umubiri n’amaraso bisa batabasha kuragwa ubwami bw’Imana.” Pawulo yongeyeho avuga ko abasizwe bose atari ko bazasinzirira mu rupfu, ahubwo ko mu gihe cy’ukuhaba kwa Yesu, bamwe bazazurwa mu kanya nk’ako guhumbya bakimara gupfa, bazurirwe ubuzima budapfa.—1 Abakorinto 15:43-53.
18. Ni uwuhe mucyo urebana n’iby’igihe kizaza, wari ukubiye mu rwandiko rwa mbere Pawulo yandikiye Abatesalonike?
18 Mu rwandiko yandikiye Abakristo b’i Tesalonike, Pawulo yakoreshejwe kugira ngo atange umucyo ku bihereranye n’igihe kizaza. Umunsi wa Yehova wari kuza nk’uko umujura aza mu ijoro. Nanone, Pawulo yasobanuye agira ati “ubwo bazaba bavuga bati ‘ni amahoro, nta kibi kiriho!’ Ni bwo kurimbuka kuzabatungura, nk’uko ibise bitungura umugore utwite, kandi ntibazabasha kubikira na hato.”—1 Abatesalonike 5:2, 3.
19, 20. Ni uwuhe mucyo Abakristo b’i Yerusalemu n’i Yudaya babonye, binyuriye mu rwandiko Pawulo yandikiye Abaheburayo?
19 Mu rwandiko yandikiye Abaheburayo, Pawulo yahaye Abakristo ba mbere bari i Yerusalemu n’i Yudaya umucyo. Mbega ukuntu yerekanye abigiranye imbaraga uko gahunda y’ugusenga ya Gikristo iruta cyane iya Mose! Aho gukurikiza Amategeko yatanzwe n’abamarayika, Abakristo bizera agakiza kavuzwe ubwa mbere n’Umwana w’Imana, uruta cyane izo ntumwa z’abamarayika (Abaheburayo 2:2-4). Mose yari umugaragu mu nzu y’Imana byonyine. Nyamara, Yesu Kristo ategeka inzu y’Imana yose uko yakabaye. Kristo ni umutambyi mukuru mu buryo bwa Melikisedeki, akaba afite umwanya wo hejuru cyane kuruta ubutambyi bwa Aroni. Nanone, Pawulo yagaragaje ko Abisirayeli batashoboye kwinjira mu buruhukiro bw’Imana bitewe no kubura ukwizera no kumvira, ariko Abakristo babwinjiramo bitewe n’uko bizera kandi bakaba bumvira.—Abaheburayo 3:1-4:11.
20 Hanyuma kandi, isezerano rishya riruta kure isezerano ry’Amategeko. Nk’uko byari byarahanuwe muri Yeremiya 31:31-34 mbere y’imyaka 600, amategeko y’Imana yanditswe mu mitima y’abari mu isezerano rishya, kandi bababarirwa by’ukuri ibyaha byabo. Aho kugira umutambyi mukuru wagombaga kwitambira ibitambo by’ibyaha bye buri mwaka kandi akabitambira n’abantu, Abakristo bafite Yesu Kristo ho Umutambyi Mukuru, utarangwaho icyaha kandi watanze igitambo cy’ibyaha rimwe risa. Aho kwinjira ahera hakozwe n’intoki z’abantu kugira ngo atambe igitambo, yinjiye mu ijuru ubwaho, kugira ngo ahagarare imbere ya Yehova. Byongeye kandi, ibitambo by’amatungo byo mu gihe cy’isezerano ry’Amategeko ya Mose ntibyashoboraga gukuraho ibyaha burundu, na ho ubundi, ntibiba byaratambwaga uko umwaka utashye. Ariko igitambo cya Kristo, cyatanzwe rimwe rizima, ni cyo gikuraho ibyaha. Ibyo byose bitanga umucyo mu rusengero rukuru rwo mu buryo bw’umwuka, mu rugo abasigaye basizwe n’abagize “izindi ntama” bakoramo muri iki gihe.—Yohana 10:16; Abaheburayo 9:24-28.
21. Ni iki iri suzuma ryerekanye ku bihereranye n’isohozwa ryo muri Zaburi 97:11 n’Imigani 4:18 mu bihe by’intumwa?
21 Umwanya ntutwemereye gutanga ingero zirenzeho, nk’iz’umucyo dusanga mu nzandiko z’intumwa Petero n’iz’abigishwa Yakobo na Yuda. Ariko kandi, izo twatanze zigomba kuba zihagije, kugira ngo zitwereke ko muri Zaburi 97:11 no mu Migani 4:18 hagize isohozwa ritangaje mu bihe by’intumwa. Ukuri kwatangiye kujya mbere, ntikwakomeza kuba ibintu by’ikigereranyo n’igicucu cy’ibizaba, ahubwo kugana mu isohozwa kandi kuba amanyakuri.—Abagalatiya 3:23-25; 4:21-26.
22. Byagenze bite nyuma y’urupfu rw’intumwa, kandi se, igice gikurikira kizerekana iki?
22 Nyuma y’urupfu rw’intumwa za Yesu no kwaduka k’ubuhakanyi bwari bwarahanuwe mbere, umucyo w’ukuri waranyenyerekeje (2 Abatesalonike 2:1-11). Icyakora, mu guhuza n’amasezerano ya Yesu, nyuma y’ibinyejana byinshi Shebuja yaragarutse asanga “[u]mugaragu ukiranuka w’ubwenge” aha “abo mu rugo” ibyo kurya byabo mu gihe cyabyo. Ingaruka yabaye iy’uko, Yesu Kristo yeguriye uwo mugaragu “ibintu bye byose” (Matayo 24:45-47). Ni uwuhe mucyo wakurikiyeho? Ibyo bizasuzumwa mu gice gikurikira.
[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]
a Aha, ubutaka burerekeza ku mimerere Umukristo ahitamo guhingamo imico iranga kamere.—Reba Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Kamena 1980, ku mapaji ya 18-19.—Mu Cyongereza.
Mbese, Uribuka?
◻ Ni iyihe mirongo ya Bibiliya yerekana ko ukuri kugenda gusobanuka buhoro buhoro?
◻ Ni uwuhe mucyo uvugwa mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe?
◻ Ni uwuhe mucyo uboneka mu Mavanjiri?
◻ Inzandiko za Pawulo zikubiyemo uwuhe mucyo?