Ibibazo by’Abasomyi

Abahamya ba Yehova benshi bizihiza isabukuru y’umunsi w’ishyingirwa ryabo. Umunsi wavukiyeho, ni isabukuru y’igihe wavukiye. None se, kuki bakwizihiza amasabukuru y’iminsi y’ishyingirwa, ntibizihize ay’iminsi bavukiyeho?

Mu by’ukuri, nta n’umwe muri iyo minsi Umukristo akeneye kwizihiza. Icyakora, ibyo ntibishaka kuvuga ko iyo minsi yombi ihwanye mu bihereranye n’icyo isobanura, cyangwa ko Abakristo bagomba kubona uwo wa mbere (ni ukuvuga isabukuru y’umunsi w’ishyingirwa), nk’uko babona ibyo kwizihiza iminsi abantu bavukiyeho.

Nk’uko byavuzwe, yombi ishobora kuvugwaho ko ari amasabukuru, bitewe n’uko “isabukuru” ari ‘itariki igenda igaruka buri mwaka iranga igihe ibintu runaka byabereyeho.’ Ishobora kuba ari isabukuru y’ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose​—umunsi wagiriyeho impanuka y’imodoka, umunsi waboneyeho ubwirakabiri bw’ukwezi, umunsi wagiriyeho koga uri kumwe n’umuryango wawe, n’ibindi n’ibindi. Biragaragara ko Abakristo badafata buri ‘sabukuru’ yose nk’umunsi wihariye, cyangwa ngo bakoreshe ibirori byo kuyizihiza. Umuntu yagombye gusuzuma impande zose z’ikintu cyabaye, maze agafata imyanzuro y’igikwiye gukorwa.

Urugero, Imana yategetse Abisirayeli mu buryo bwumvikana neza, ko buri mwaka bagombaga kuzajya bizihiza umunsi umumarayika wayo yahitaga ku nzu z’Abisirayeli muri Egiputa, hamwe n’ingaruka ibyo byagize zo kuba ubwoko bwayo bwaravuyeyo mu mwaka wa 1513 M.I.C. (Kuva 12:14). Nyuma y’aho, igihe Abayahudi, hakubiyemo na Yesu, bizihizaga isabukuru y’icyo gikorwa, babaga barimo bubahiriza amabwiriza y’Imana, kandi ntibabikoraga mu buryo bw’ibirori cyangwa ngo bahane impano. Nanone kandi, Abayahudi bafataga umunsi batahiyeho urusengero ubwa kabiri, nk’isabukuru yihariye. N’ubwo kwizihiza icyo gikorwa cyabayeho mu mateka bitari byarategetswe muri Bibiliya, muri Yohana 10:22, 23, humvikanisha ko Yesu atabonaga ko kubikora hari ikibi kirimo. Ikindi kandi, Abakristo bagira iteraniro ry’isabukuru yihariye y’urupfu rwa Yesu. Birumvikana ariko ko ibyo bikorwa mu rwego rwo kubahiriza itegeko risobanutse neza riboneka mu Ijambo ry’Imana.​—Luka 22:19, 20.

Bite se ku bihereranye n’amasabukuru y’iminsi y’ishyingirwa? Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, ni ibisanzwe ko umugabo n’umugore bizihiza isabukuru y’umunsi bashyingiriweho, kuko ari gahunda yatangijwe n’Imana (Itangiriro 2:18-​24; Matayo 19:4-6). Nta gushidikanya, Bibiliya ntivuga nabi ishyingirwa. Yesu yatashye ubukwe kandi anatanga intwererano yo gutuma ibyo birori bishimisha.​—Yohana 2:1-11.

Ku bw’ibyo rero, ku isabukuru y’umunsi w’ishyingirwa ry’umugabo n’umugore we, nta bwo byaba bitangaje ko bafata igihe cyo gutekereza ku byishimo by’icyo gikorwa, no ku cyemezo cyabo cyo guharanira icyatuma bamererwa neza. Bakwerekeza ibitekerezo kuri uwo munsi w’ibyishimo biherereye, bonyine uko ari babiri, cyangwa batumira bene wabo bake, cyangwa se incuti zabo za bugufi, amahitamo ni ayabo. Icyo gikorwa nticyagombye kuba impamvu y’urwitwazo yo gukoresha iteraniro mbonezamubano ry’abantu benshi cyane. Kuri uwo munsi, Abakristo bakwifuza kuyoborwa n’amahame agenga imibereho yabo ya buri munsi. Bityo rero, kuba umuntu yakwizihiza isabukuru y’umunsi w’ishyingirwa rye cyangwa ntayizihize, icyo ni ikibazo kimureba ku giti cye.​—Abaroma 13:13, 14.

Ariko se, bite ku bihereranye no kwita mu buryo bwihariye ku munsi umuntu yavukiyeho? Mbese, hari ahantu runaka muri Bibiliya haba havuga ibihereranye no kwizihiza bene iyo sabukuru?

Mu ntangiriro z’iki kinyejana, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya, nk’uko Abahamya ba Yehova bitwaga icyo gihe, bizihizaga iminsi bavukiyeho. Abenshi muri bo bari bafite udutabo duto twitwaga Manne céleste quotidienne (Manu ya Buri Munsi Iva mu Ijuru). Utwo dutabo twabaga turimo imirongo ya Bibiliya yagenewe gusuzumwa buri munsi, kandi Abakristo benshi bashyiraga udufoto duto twa bagenzi babo b’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya ku mapaji yabaga ahuye n’iminsi bavukiyeho. Nanone kandi, igazeti ya The Watch Tower yo ku itariki ya 15 Gashyantare 1909 (mu Cyongereza), yavuze ko mu ikoraniro ryabereye i Jacksonville, muri leta ya Florida ho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, Umuvandimwe Russell icyo gihe wari perezida wa Sosayiti, yatumiwe kujya kuri platifomu. Kubera iki? Mu buryo atari yiteze, yahawe impano y’udupaki twari turimo imizabibu, inanasi, n’amacunga yari ahaweho impano y’umunsi yavukiyeho. Ibyo biduha ishusho y’ukuntu ibintu byari bimeze mu gihe cyashize. Kugira ngo twiyumvise uko ibintu byari byifashe muri icyo gihe, twibuke ko Abigishwa ba Bibiliya banizihizaga itariki ya 25 Ukuboza, bakabikora mu rwego rwo kwibuka umunsi Yesu yavutseho, cyangwa isabukuru y’umunsi w’ivuka rye. Ndetse byari bimenyerewe ko bagira ifunguro rya Noheli ku cyicaro gikuru kiri i Brooklyn.

Birumvikana ko kuva icyo gihe, abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka mu mpande nyinshi. Mu myaka ya za 20, urumuri rw’ukuri rwarushijeho kwiyongera, rwatumye babona ibi bikurikira:

Yesu ntiyavutse ku itariki ya 25 Ukuboza, itariki ifitanye isano n’idini rya gipagani. Bibiliya idutegeka kwizihiza itariki Yesu yapfiriyeho, aho kwizihiza isabukuru y’umunsi w’ivuka rye cyangwa ry’undi muntu uwo ari we wese. Kubikora bihuje n’ibivugwa mu Mubwiriza 7:1, kandi binahuje n’igitekerezo gihereranye n’uko ubuzima bw’umuntu wizerwa buba bumeze ku iherezo rye, ari byo by’ingenzi cyane kurusha umunsi yavutseho. Nta ho Bibiliya yigera ivuga umugaragu wizerwa n’umwe wizihije umunsi w’ivuka rye. Ivuga ibirori by’abapagani bizihije iminsi y’ivuka ryabo, igaragaza ko ibyo birori byaranzwe n’ibikorwa by’ubugome. Reka turebe imimerere yaranze ayo masabukuru y’iminsi y’ivuka.

Iya mbere ni isabukuru y’ivuka rya Farawo yabayeho mu gihe cya Yozefu (Itangiriro 40:20-23). Ku bihereranye n’ibyo, umutwe uvuga ku bihereranye n’iminsi mikuru y’ivuka uri mu nkoranyamagambo yitwa Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics y’uwitwa Hastings, utangira ugira uti “umugenzo wo kwizihiza umunsi umuntu yavukiyeho, mu miterere yawo usanga ufitanye isano no kugenda babara igihe, naho mu biwukubiyemo, ugasanga ufitanye isano n’amahame runaka ashingiye ku idini gakondo.” Hanyuma, iyo nkoranyamagambo ivuga amagambo yavuzwe na Bwana J. Gardner Wilkinson, akaba ari umuhanga mu by’amateka ya Misiri ya kera, wanditse agira iti “buri Munyamisiri wese yahaga agaciro kenshi umunsi ndetse n’isaha yavukiyeho; kandi birashoboka ko nk’uko byagendaga mu Buperesi, buri muntu yizihizanyaga ibyishimo byinshi umunsi yavukiyeho, agatumira incuti ze bakinezeza mu buryo bwose bwari buriho muri icyo gihe, kandi ku meza bagateguraho ibyo kurya by’akataraboneka kandi byinshi cyane kurusha uko bisanzwe.”

Indi sabukuru y’umunsi w’ivuka ivugwa muri Bibiliya, ni iya Herode, kuri iyo sabukuru hakaba ari bwo Yohana Umubatiza yaciwe umutwe (Matayo 14:6-10). Inkoranyamagambo yitwa The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (yo mu mwaka wa 1979), iduha ubumenyi bwimbitse igira iti “Abagiriki bo mu gihe cya mbere y’Alexandre le Grand bizihizaga amasabukuru y’ivuka ry’imana cyangwa abantu bakomeye. Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki genéthlia ni ryo ryasobanuraga ibyo kwizihiza ayo masabukuru, naho genésia rigasobanura ibirori byo kwibuka umunsi umuntu ukomeye wapfuye yari yaravutseho. Mu 2 Abamakabe 6:7 tuhasanga ibya genéthlia ya buri kwezi ya Antiochos IV, aho Abayahudi bahatirwaga ‘gutonora ku bitambo.’ . . . Igihe Herode yizihizaga isabukuru y’umunsi w’ivuka rye, yari arimo akora ibihuje n’umuco w’Abagiriki ba kera; nta gihamya na kimwe kigaragaza ko muri Isirayeli bizihizaga amasabukuru y’iminsi y’ivuka mu bihe bya mbere y’Alexandre le Grand.”

Icyakora, ntitwabura kuvuga ko Abakristo b’ukuri muri iki gihe batagomba guhangayikishwa mu buryo burenze urugero n’inkomoko ya buri gikorwa cyangwa se umugenzo uwo ari wo wose, hamwe n’isano byaba bifitanye n’amadini gakondo, ariko kandi ko batagomba no kwirengagiza ingingo zifite icyo zibivugaho ziboneka mu Ijambo ry’Imana. Muri izo ngingo hakubiyemo n’igaragaza ko amasabukuru y’iminsi y’ivuka aboneka mu mwandiko wa Bibiliya, ari ay’abapagani gusa, kandi kuri ayo masabukuru hakaba harabaye ibikorwa by’ubugome. Bityo rero, biragaragara ko Ibyanditswe bivuga nabi ibyo kwizihiza amasabukuru y’iminsi y’ivuka, icyo kikaba ari ikintu Umukristo nyakuri adakerensa.

Ku bw’ibyo rero, n’ubwo kuba Abakristo bahitamo kwizihiza isabukuru y’umunsi w’ishyingirwa ryabo ari ikibazo kibareba ku giti cyabo rwose, hari impamvu zumvikana zituma Abakristo bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka birinda kwizihiza amasabukuru y’iminsi y’ivuka.