Ese wari ubizi?

Ese igihe intumwa Pawulo yavugaga amagambo ari mu Befeso 2:11-15, avuga iby’urukuta rwatandukanyaga Abayahudi n’Abanyamahanga, yaba yarashakaga kuvuga urukuta nyarukuta?

Mu ibaruwa intumwa Pawulo yandikiye Abefeso, yashyize itandukaniro hagati y’Abisirayeli n’“abanyamahanga.” Yavuze ko hari ‘urukuta rwatandukanyaga’ ayo matsinda yombi (Abefeso 2:11-15). Ibyo Pawulo yabivuze yerekeza ku “Mategeko” yatanzwe binyuze kuri Mose. Ariko kandi, kuba yarakoresheje ijambo “urukuta” bishobora kuba byaribukije abasomyi urukuta rw’amabuye rwariho kera.

Mu kinyejana cya mbere, urusengero rwa Yehova rw’i Yerusalemu rwari rufite ingo nyinshi, zinjirwagamo n’ababifitiye uburenganzira gusa. Umuntu wese yashoboraga kwinjira mu Rugo rw’Abanyamahanga, ariko Abayahudi n’abahindukiriye idini ry’Abayahudi ni bo bonyine bashoboraga kwinjira mu zindi ngo zisigaye z’urwo rusengero. Kugira ngo batandukanye aho umuntu wese yashoboraga kugera n’ahari hagenewe abantu runaka, hubatswe urukuta rukomeye rwitwaga Soreg. Bavuga ko urwo rukuta rwari rufite ubuhagarike bwa metero imwe na santimetero mirongo itatu. Dukurikije ibyo Umuyahudi w’umuhanga mu by’amateka wo mu kinyejana cya mbere witwaga Flavius Josèphe yavuze, kuri urwo rukuta hari hometseho inyandiko zari mu Kigiriki n’Ikilatini zaburiraga Abanyamahanga ngo ntibazigere barurenga ngo bagere ahera.

Imwe mu nyandiko yari iri kuri urwo rukuta rwatandukanyaga izo ngo igira iti “ntihakagire umunyamahanga urenga uru rukuta ngo yinjire imbere, cyangwa ngo arenge uruzitiro rukikije ubuturo bwera. Umuntu wese uzafatwa yabirenzeho azicwa, kandi ni we uzaba yizize.”

Uko bigaragara, Pawulo yagereranyije urwo rukuta n’isezerano ry’Amategeko ya Mose, ryamaze igihe kirekire ritandukanya Abayahudi n’Abanyamahanga. Igihe Yesu yapfaga agatanga ubuzima bwe ho igitambo, yakuyeho isezerano ry’Amategeko, bityo “asenya urukuta rwari hagati yabo.”

Kuki Bibiliya ivuga imiryango 12 ya Isirayeli kandi mu by’ukuri yari 13?

Imiryango ya Isirayeli yakomokaga ku bahungu ba Yakobo, waje kwitwa Isirayeli. Uwo mukurambere yari afite abahungu 12 ari bo Rubeni, Simeyoni, Lewi, Yuda, Dani, Nafutali, Gadi, Asheri, Isakari, Zebuluni, Yozefu na Benyamini (Itangiriro 29:32–30:24; 35:16-18). Muri abo bavandimwe, cumi n’umwe bafite imiryango yabitiriwe, ariko nta muryango witiriwe Yozefu. Ahubwo hari imiryango ibiri yitiriwe abahungu ba Yozefu, ari bo Efurayimu na Manase. Abo bana be bahawe uburenganzira bwuzuye bwo kuba abatware b’imiryango. Ibyo byatumye Isirayeli igira imiryango 13. None se kuki buri gihe Bibiliya ivuga ngo imiryango 12 ya Isirayeli?

Muri Isirayeli, abagabo bo mu muryango wa Lewi batoranyirijwe kujya bakora mu ihema ry’ibonaniro, ndetse nyuma yaho baje kujya bakora mu rusengero. Ku bw’ibyo, ntibajyaga ku rugamba. Yehova yabwiye Mose ati “ariko uwo muryango wa Lewi wo ntuzawubare, ntubarane umubare wabo n’Abisirayeli bandi. Ahubwo Abalewi ubagire abarinzi b’ubuturo bw’ibihamya, n’ab’ibintu byo muri bwo byose, abe ari bo bajya bakoreramo imirimo, bajye babugotesha amahema yabo.”—Kubara 1:49, 50.

Nta n’ubwo Abalewi bigeze bahabwa umugabane mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano. Ahubwo bahawe imidugudu 48, yari mu bice byose bya Isirayeli.—Kubara 18:20-24; Yosuwa 21:41.

Kubera izo mpamvu zombi, umuryango wa Lewi ntiwashyirwaga ku rutonde rw’imiryango ya Isirayeli. Ibyo rero byatumaga buri gihe habarwa imiryango 12 ya Isirayeli.—Kubara 1:1-15.

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 21 yavuye]

Archaeological Museum of Istanbul