Malaya mubi​—Ukugwa kwe

“Iraguy’iraguye! Babuloni Ikomeye yaterets’amahanga yose inzoga,niwo mujinya w’ubusambanyi bwayo!”​—IBYAHISHUWE 14:8.

Iyi nyandiko hamwe n’ikurikiraho zisubiramo disikuru ya nyuma mu zuruhererekane zifite umutwe “Igihe Cyagenwe Kiri Hafi” zatanzwe muwa 1988 mu materaniro manini y’akarere yitwa “Gukiranuka kw’Imana” yateguwe n’Abahamya ba Yehova

 1. Ni nde “Maiaya” mubi, kandi ni kuki tugomba kumumenya?

MALAYA” mubi mbese ni nde? Mbese , ni ngombwa kumuvuga? Ibitabo bya za anketi z’abapolisi, sinema, televiziyo, kaseti za videwo mbese ntibyerekana ubusambanyi mu buryo buteye iseseme? Ni koko! Ibyo ari byo byose ntabwo tuvuga hano umukobwa wo mu muhanda, ahubwo turavuga malaya mubi cyane ukurura benshi, wakoze ibintu biteye isoni kurusha abandi kandi urangwa n’ubwicanyi kurusha abandi bo mu bihe byahise byose. Hashize imyaka 4,000 acuruza ubwiza bwe! Tugomba rero kumumenya kugira ngo tumwirinde. Mu Byahishuwe 14:8, umumaraika yita uwo mugore wamamaye mu bubi “Babuloni Ikomeye” akerekana ko yakuruye amahanga yose. Kubera ko ari mubi cyane twagombye kwishimira kumenya ko “igihe kiri bugufi” cyo kugira ngo Yehova amurangirizeho urubanza rwe.—Ibyahishuwe 1:3.

 2. Izina ry’uwo malaya ryaturutse hehe, kandi ni gute urwo rwunge mpuzamahanga rw’idini y’ikinyoma rwavutse?

² Uwo malaya avana izina rye kuri Babuloni ya kera, umudugudu warangwaga n’ubwibone washinzwe muri Mezopotamia hashize ubu imyaka 4,000, ushingwa na Nimurodi ‘umuhigi w’umunyamaboko imbere y’Uwiteka Yehova.’ Igihe abantu b’i Babuloni bashakaga kwubaka umunara w’idini ry’ikinyoma, Yehova yanyuranije indimi zabo maze arabatatanya mu mpande zose z’isi. Bajyanye iyo dini yabo, maze urwunge rw’isi yose rw’idini y’ikinyoma ikomoka i Babuloni ruhita ruvuka. Nta gushidikanya urwo rwunge rukwiriye koko izina rya Babuloni IKOMEYE. (Itangiriro 10:8-10; 11:1-9) Muri iki gihe cyacu amahame n’imigenzo y’amadini usanga afite ibimenyetso by’amayobera yo muri Babuloni ya kera. (Ibyahishuwe 17:7) Izina ry’ Igiheburayo Babeli risobanura “Kunyuranya,” ryerekana koko ibyo amadini yo muri ibi bihe arimo!

 3. (a) Ni mu gihe kingana iki Babuloni yagize ubwoko bw’imana abanyagano, kandi ubwo yatumye bahura n’ibiki? (b) Babuloni yaguye ite mu buryo buteye ubwoba, kandi ni kuki isaha yayo yo kurimbuka yari itaragera?

³ Babuloni ya kera yakize ibyo byari byayibayeho, maze imaze kuganza Asiriya, muri 632 mbere yo kubara kwacu, iba Igihangange cya gatatu ku isi yose mu mateka ya Bibiliya. Ntabwo yashoboye kugumana uwo mwanya igihe kirekire, kitageze ku kinyejana kimwe, ariko muri icyo gihe yagize Abisiraeli ubwoko bw’Imana abanyagano mu myaka mirongo irindwi yose. Ubwo ni bwo Abisiraeli bari i Babuloni, umudugudu wuzuyemo insengero igihumbi inini n’intoya, mu mana z’ubutatu nyinshi n’abadaimoni, mu gusenga umwana na nyina, mu kuraguza inyenyeri zo mu kirere byatumaga bavuga ko basenga imana zidashobora gupfa. Muri 539 mbere yo kubara, kwacu Abisiraeli bari barabaye abanyagano bari rwagati mu ihuriro ry’amadini y’ibinyoma y’isi yose igihe Babuloni igwa mu buryo buteye ubwoba. Ariko isaha yayo yo kurimbuka yari itaragera, ikomeza kubera abategetsi bayo bashya ihuriro ry’icyamare ry’idini.

Urwunge rw’idini rw’isi yose

 4. (a) Abahanuzi ba Yehova bavuze iki kuri Babuloni, kandi uwo mudugudu byawugendekeye bite? (b) Ni iyihe Babuloni yindi ikiriho, ikururira ibyago abatuye isi?

⁴ Abahanuzi ba Yehova bari barahanuye ko,bakurikije urubanza rw’Imana, Babuloni yari gukuburwa hagahinduka “umwey’urimbura,” hazamera nkukw’“Imana yarimbuy’i Sodomu n’i Gomora.” Mbese ubwo buhanuzi bwarasohojwe nyuma yaho? Bwarasohojwe koko ndetse no mu tuntu dutoya! Mu gihe cyagenwe Babuloni ya kera yabaye umwirare, ntiyongera guturwa ahubwo iba indiri y’ibikururuka n’inyamaswa z’agasozi nkuko byari byarateganijwe neza. (Yesaya 13:9, 19-22; 14: 23; Yeremia 50:35, 38-40) Ibyo ari byo byose, Babuloni yindi, Babuloni Ikomeye, iracyariho na n’ubu. Kubera ko ari urwunge rw’isi yose rw’idini y’ikinyoma, yakomeje inyigisho ya Babuloni y’intangiriro kandi irakerekana umwuka wayo w’ubwibone. Ni igikoresho gikomeye Satani akoresha kugira ngo ahume abantu bose bo mu isi, kugira ngo batabona imigambi ya Yehova yerekeranye n’Ubwami bwe.​—2 Abakorinto 4:3, 4.

 5. (a) Ni ayahe madini yavutse mu gihe Babuloni yari ku isonga yayo y’ikuzo, ariko ni kuki Satani atashoboye gutwikiriza isi yose idini y’ikinyoma? (b) Ni gute Satani yakoresheje idini y’ibinyoma nyuma y’ivuka ry’Ubukristo?

⁵ Nanone ni ahegera ikinyejana cya 6 mbere yo kuza kwa Kristo mu gihe Igihangange cy’I Babuloni cyari kigeze ku isonga, niho idini y’Abahindu, y’Ababuda, Abakonfisiyusi n’Abashinto zazamutse. Ariko se Satani yashoboye kumiramiza isi yose n’idini y’ikinyoma? Oya, kubera ko muri icyo gihe abasigaye mu bahamya ba Yehova bavuye i Babuloni hanyuma bagaruka i Yerusalemu kugira ngo basubizeho idini y’ukuri ya Yehova. Ni yo mpamvu hashize ibinyejana icumi Abayuda b’indahemuka bari bahari kugira ngo bakire Mesiya, kandi babaye abambere mu bagize itorero rya Gikristo. Idini y’ikinyoma ubwo yahise yicisha Umwana w’Imana hanyuma iba igikoresho gikomeye cya Satani mu kurwanya Ubukristo bw’ukuri. Nkuko Yesu n’intumwa ze bari barabitangaje.—Matayo 7:15; Ibyakozwe 20: 29, 30; 2 Petero 2:1.

 6. (a) Ni gute Satani yanduje inyigisho z’Ubukristo, kandi ni izihe nyigisho zitesha icyubahiro Imana zavutse? (b) Abantu ibihumbi bahaga igiciro cyinshi ukuri ko muri Bibiliya kuruta inyigisho zo muri Babuloni hyabagendekeye bite?

⁶ Cyane cyane, ni mbere y’irimbuka rya Yerusalemu ryabaye muri 70 mbere yo kubara kwacu, Satani yakoresheje intumwa z’ibinyoma mu kwanduza inyigisho y’Abakristo bayivanga n’amayobera y’i Babuloni hamwe na filozofiya y’Abagereki. Basimbuje imana eshatu z’Ubutatu, Imana yo muri Bibiliya ari yo ‘Yehova wenyine.’ (Gutegeka 6:4; Mariko 12:29; 1 Abakorinto 8: 5, 6, MN) Inyigisho y’ukudapfa kwa roho y’umuntu, iyo nyigisho ikaba yari yarigishijwe na Plato, yinjijwemo kugira ngo ivaneho inyigisho zo muri Bibiliya zerekeye igitambo Kristo yatanze hamwe n’ukuzuka kwe. Ubwo urugi rwari rufunguriye inyigisho y’umuriro utazima na purugatori yaka buhoro.(Zaburi 89:48; Ezekieli 18:4, 20) Izo nyigisho zateshaga icyubahiro Imana kandi zigakoresha ubwoba bw’abantu mu kuzuza amasanduku ya Kiliziya. Ikindi kandi mu gihe cy’Intambara y’amadini n’Ivugurura, abayobozi b’amadini ntabwo bategerezaga ko ibirimi by’umuriro bibabaza abemeraga ukuri ko muri Bibiliya kurusha amahame yo muri Babuloni. Abagatolika n’Abaporotestanti batwitse abantu nk’abo ari bazima. Ariko nk’uko tugiye kubireba ntabwo ari mu gukwiza ikinyoma hose Babuloni Ikomeye isambana gusa, oya da!

Umunsi w’urubanza wa Yehova

 7. (a) Ni gute kandi ni ryari Yehova yatangiye gusubizaho ukuri kwo muri Bibiliya hanyuma agashyira ahagaragara inyigisho zikocamye zituruka muri Babuloni? (b) Ni ukuhe kuri kw’ibanze ko muri Bibiliya Abigishwa

⁷ Umunsi wo gucira urubanza uwo malaya wagombaga kuza nta kabuza! (Abaheburayo 10:30) Igihe cy’imbarutso cyabaye muri za 1870,igihe Yehova yohereza “integuza” ye, agatsiko k’abigishwa ba Bibiliya bataryarya, kugira ngo basubizeho ukuri kw’ifatizo ko mu Ibyanditswe kandi bashyire ahagaraga inyigisho zikocamye zikomoka muri Babuloni. (Malaki 3:1) Iyo ‘nteguza’ ikozwe n’abantu benshi yasohozaga amagambo y’ubuhanuzi ari mu Ibyahishuwe 4:11: “Mwami wacu, Mana yacu, ukwiriye guhabga icyubahiro no guhimbazwa n’ubutware koko, kukw’ari wowe waremye byose. Igituma biriho, kand’icyatumye biremwa, ni uko wabishatse.” “Integuza” kandi nanone yaburaniye agaciro k’igitambo cy’ubucunguzi cya Kristo, n’incungu Yehova yatanze kugira ngo acungure abantu. Mu bihe bya mbere abantu bacunguwe bari kuba bagizwe n’‘umukumbi muto’ wahamagariwe kwimana na Kristo mu Bwami bwo mu ijuru, hanyuma hashira igihe hakazaza abantu amamiliyoni menshi bazabaho ku isi izahindurwa Paradiso kandi abenshi muri bo bakazaauka. (Luka 12:32; 1 Yohana 2:2; Ibyakozwe 24:15) Ni koko Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bashubijeho ukuri kw’ifatizo, kandi mu buryo ncamarenga ‘bazimya umuriro utazima’ wo mu mahame y’i Babuloni yo kubabazwa iteka.a

 8. (a) Ni gute abayobozi ba Kristendomu mu Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi yaboneyeho mu kugerageza gutsemba Abigishwa ba Bibiliya? (b) Byagendekeye bite umucamanza wari wanze kurekura by’agateganyo abantu umunani bari bashinzwe Sosayiti Watch Tower?

⁸ Mu gihe cy’imyaka 40 Abigishwa ba Bibiliya batangaje bashize amanga ko 1914 wari kuba umwaka w’iherezo ry’Ibihe by’Amahanga. Nkuko bari babyiteze, uwo mwaka wahuye n’ibintu byabaye bihungabanya isi cyane, intambara ya mbere y’isi ikaba ari yo ya mbere. Abayobozi ba Kristendomu igice kiruta ibindi cya Babuloni Ikomeye cyagerageje gukoresha uko guhungabana kw’isi yose kugira ngo bavaneho burundu Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bari bazwiho ko bavuga beruye! Muri 1918 bashoboye gufungisha abantu umunani bari bashinzwe Sosayiti Watch Tower, babarega ibinyoma ko basebanya. Ariko nyuma y’amezi icyenda bararekuwe hanyuma bahanagurwaho icyaha. Umucamanza wa Leta witwa Martin T. Manton, wari wanze kurfekura abo bigishwa ba Bibiliya bashinganywe, yahawe umudari w’ishimwe na Papa Piyo XI, wamugize “Chevalier de l’Ordre de saint Gregoire le grand.” Ariko igihe cye cy’ikuzo cyabaye kigufi cyane, kubera ko muri 1939 yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri acibwa n’amafaranga menshi cyane. Yazize iki? Kubera ko yaciye imanza esheshatu azakamo ruswa y’amadolari angana na 186,000!

 9. Ni mu yahe magambo yandi ubuhanuzi bwa Malaki busobanura ibyari kuba ku bagaragu ba Yehova, kandi urubanza rwatangiriye kuri ba nde?

⁹ Nkuko tumaze kubivuga abantu ba Yehova muri 1918 binjiye mu gihe cy’ibigeragezo bikomeye. Ubuhanuzi bwa Malaki 3:1-3 burakomeza busobanura ibyari birimo biba: “Umwami [Yehova] mushaka azaduka mu rusengero rwe, kand’intumwa y’isezerano [rya Aburahamu] mwishimana, dor’iraje” Yesu. Ni koko Yehova yazanye na Kristo we kugira ngo bace urubanza. Yehova arabaza ngo: “Ni nd’uzabasha kwihangana ku munsi wo kuza kwe? Kandi ni nd’ uzahagarara, ubg’ azaboneka? Kukw’ameze nk’umuriro w’umucuzi, n’isabune y’abameshi.” Dukurikije 1 Petero 4:17, urubanza rwagombaga gutangirira mu bantu biyita ko bari mu ‘rusengero rw’Imana.’ Abakristo b’ukuri ubwo rero barashunguwe bezwa na Yehova.

“Bgoko bganjye, nimuhasohokemo!”

10. Ni uruhe rubanza rw’Imana rwakubise incuro Kristendomu n’andi madini y’ikinyoma muri 1919, kandi byagendekeye bite Babuloni Ikomeye?

¹⁰ Abayobozi ba Kristendomu, igice cy’ingenzi cya Babuloni Ikomeye ntabwo bashoboye kwihanganira urubanza rwa Yehova. Abo bayobozi bari baranduje imyenda yabo mu buryo bubi cyane mu gihe bagiraga uruhare mu irimbagurana ryo mu ntambara y’isi no mu gutoteza Abakristo b’ukuri. (Yeremia 2:34) Aho kwishimira Ubwami bwo mu ijuru bwa Kristo bwari bumaze gushyirwaho, bashyigikiye Ishyirahamwe ry’amahanga (Societe des Nations), ryari ryarashinzwe n’abantu, hanyuma baza no kuvuga ko iryo shyirahamwe ryari “ishusho rya gipolitiki ry’Ubwami bw’Imana ku isi.” Kuva muri 1919 byaragaragye ko Yehova yari yaraciriye urubanza Kristendomu akanayiciraho iteka hamwe n’idini yose y’ikinyoma mu buryo rusange. Babuloni yari yaraguye, yarakatiwe urwo gupfa! Igihe koko cyari kigeze cy’uko abantu bakunda ukuri n’ubukiranutsi bubahiriza iri tegeko riri mu buhanuzi bwo muri Yeremia 51:45: “Bgoko bganjye, nimuhasohokemo, umuntu wese yikiz’uburakari bg’Uwiteka bukaze.”

11, 12. (a) Maraika yavuze iki mu Ibyahishuwe 17: 1, 2 byerekeranye n’urubanza rwaciriwe Babuloni Ikomeye? (b) ‘Amazi menshi’ malaya ukomeye yicayeho ni ayahe, kandi ni gute abatuye isi ‘basinda’ ‘inzoga y’ubusambanyi bwe’?

¹¹ Babuloni Ikomeye yaraguye! Ariko ntabwo yari yarimbuka. Urwo rwunge rw’isi yose rw’idini y’ikinyoma rugomba kumara igihe gitoya ari igikorwa gihanitse cy’ububeshyi bwa Satani. Mbese Imana yayiteganirije iki? Tubumbure Bibiliya zacu mu Ibyahishuwe 17:1, 2. Ahangaha umumaraika yabwiye intumwa Yohana, anabwira kandi abasesengura muri iki gihe ubuhanuzi binyuze kuri Yohana ngo: “Ngwino, nkwerek’iteka malaya ukomeye azacirwaho, yicara ku mazi menshi. Ni we abami bo mw’isi basambanaga na we, abari mu isi bagasind’inzoga, ni zo busambanyi bge.” ‘Amazi menshi’ asobanura abantu benshi barimo umuvurungano bamaze igihe bakandamizwa n’uwo malaya ukomeye. Uko ubuhanuzi bubivuga “abari mw isi” basindishwa n’inzoga ze. Basindishwa n’inyigisho z’ikinyoma za Babuloni Ikomeye kandi bagakurikira inzira zayo z’ubusambanyi, ziranga isi. Ni yo mpamvu badandabirana nkaho basindishijwe n’iyo vino mbi kandi ishaje.

¹² Muri Yakobo 4:4 turasoma: “Yemwe basambanyi, namwe basambanyikazi, ntimuzi yuk’ubucuti bg’iby’isi butera kwangwa n’Imana?” Mu kinyejana cya 20 rero, idini, cyane cyane Kristendomu, ryashatse ku mugaragaro uburyo ryakundwa n’isi. Ntabwo abayobozi bayo banga gusa kubwiriza iby’Umwami ubu bwimitswe ahubwo banga n’amahame y’imyifatire myiza yigishwa na Bibiliya kandi bakemerera abayoboke babo kwikorera ibyaha uko bashaka. Ntabwo abo bayobozi birinze ubusambanyi nyakuri, ubusambanyi intumwa Paulo yaciriyeho iteka ataziguye muri aya magambo ngo: “Ntimwishuke; abahehesi, cyangw’abasenga ibishushanyo, cyangw’abasambanyi, cyangw’ibitingwa, cyangwa abagabo bendana, . . . ntibazaragw’ubgami bg’Imana. Kandi bamwe muri mwe mwari nk’abo: ariko mwaruhagiwe, mwarejejwe.”—1 Abakorinto 6: 9-11.

‘Basubiye kwigaragura mu byondo’

13, 14. (a) Ni izihe ngero zerekana ko abayobozi b’amadini muri iki gihe cyacu ‘batuhagiwe’? (b) Ni ikihe gihagararo inama y’ltorero ry’Abangilikani yafashe cyerekeranye n’abaryamana bahuje ibitsina, iryo Torero rishobora guhabwa irihe zina? (c) Ni ayahe magambo y’intumwa Petero ashobora gukoreshwa ku bayobozi b’amadini b’abahakanyi?

¹³ Muri iki gihe cyacu, mbese abayobozi ba Kristendomu ‘barejejwe’? Dufate nk’uregero rw’ibiba mu Bwongereza, igihugu kera cyari ingoro y’Ubuporotestanti. Mu kwa Ugushyingo umwaka 1987, mu gihe minisitiri wa mbere w’Abongereza yasabaga abayobozi b’idini guha igihugu ubuyobozi bubashyira mu muco mwiza, umupasitori umwe wo muri Kiliziya y’Abangilikani yaravuze ngo: “Abaryamana bahuje igitsina bafite uburenganzira kimwe n’abandi bantu bose bwo kugira imibereho yabo yerekeranye n’imibonano yabo mu by’igitsina; tugomba gushakamo ibyiza bibamo noneho tugatera inkunga ukudahemukirana [ku bantu baryamana ari abo mu gitsina kimwe].” Dore nanone ibyasomwaga mu kinyamakuru kimwe cy’i Londoni: “Muri seminari imwe y’Abangilikani ukuryamana kw’abantu bahuje igitsina byari byarogeye ku buryo abigisha bo mu isemanari yindi babujije abanyeshuri babo kujya kubasura.” Hari ibintu byizwe byerekanye ko “mu karere kamwe ka Londoni icya kabiri cy’abayobozi b’idini baba baryamana n’abo bahuje igitsina.” Mu nama abagize 95 ku ijana by’abayobozi b’itorero ry’Abangilikani bo mu Bwongereza bashyigikiye inyandiko ivuga ko ubusambanyi ari icyaha ariko abaryamana bahuje igitsina baba badakora icyaha, ahubwo nuko bidahuje n’ibyo umuntu yashyira imbere. Kuri ibyo umwanditsi w’amakuru yavuze ko iryo torero bashobora kuryita Itorero rya Sodoma na Gomora. Ikindi kinyamakuru cy’i Londoni cyaratangaje ngo: “Abongereza barumiwe babonye imbuto z’urubyiruko rwuzuye ugushyigikira icyaha.”

¹⁴ Uko imyaka igenda ihita biragaragara ko amagambo y’intumwa Petero ashobora kuba yerekeranye n’abayobozi b’amadini b’abahakanyi: “Ibyabasohoyeho n’iby’uyu mugani w’ukuri, ngo: Imbga isubiye ku birutsi byayo; kandi ngo: Ingurube yuhagiwe isubiye kwigaragura mu byondo”!​—2 Petero 2:22.

15. (a) Ni ukuhe kugwa mu muco mwiza tubona muri Kristendomu yose? (b) Ni nde ufite uruhare runini muri uwo musaruro ubabaje?

¹⁵ Ku mpande zose za Kristendomu ndetse no mu isi yose tubona uguta umuco mwiza guteye ubwoba. Mu bihugu bimwe abenshi babonye ko atari ngombwa kurongora kandi abashyingiranwa bakeka ko kuba indahemuka bitakiri iby’ubu. Ni abantu bakeya cyane bandikisha ishyingiranwa ryabo mu mategeko, kandi mu babikora ubutane burarushaho kwiyongera. Muri Etazuni umubare wa buri mwaka w’abatana wikubye incuro eshatu kuva mu myaka 25 ishize; barengeje miliyoni imwe. Mu Bwongereza, umubare w’abatanye wikubye incuro 4 mu myaka 20 ishize, buvuye kuri 41,000 bageza kuri 175,000 hagati ya 1965 na 1985. Abaselibateri bishakira kubana n’abandi baselibateri batarasezerana imbere y’amategeko, kandi abenshi bagahinduranya abo babana. Nubwo bamagana buri gihe ikwirakwizwa ry’indwara zituruka ku bitsina zitewe n’imibereho yuzuyemo ubusambanyi, twavuga nka SIDA, ntibibabuza kwiroha mu busambanyi buteye isoni. Abayobozi b’amadini ntabwo baha disipuline abayoboke babo bakora amakosa nk’ayo. Kubera ko bafunga amaso imbere y’ubwo bwandure, bafite uruhare runini muri uwo musaruro mubi.—Yeremia 5:29-31.

16. (a) Ni iki cyemeza ko Babuloni Ikomeye yaguye, kandi ni ayahe magambo maraika arangurura mu buryo bukwiye mu Ibyahishuwe 18:2? (b) Abantu bose kashaka kuzarokoka irimbuka ry’isi bagomba gukora iki?

¹⁶ Ukumera nabi mu muco biri mu rwunge rw’isi yose rw’idini y’ikinyoma nabyo bigaragaraza ko Babuloni Ikomeye yaguye. Imana yayiciriye urubanza iyiciraho iteka ryo kurimbuka. Birakwiye rero ko umumaraika atera ijwi hejuru avuga amagambo akubiye mu Ibyahishuwe 18:2: “Iraguy’iraguye, Babuloni ikomeye! Ihindutse icumbi ry’abadaimoni, aharindirw’imyuka mibi yose n’ibisiga byose bihumanye kandi byangwa.” Ni ingenzi rero ko abantu bose bifuza kuzarokoka irimbuka ry’isi bakurikiza kuva ubu inama iri mu murongo wa 4: “Bgoko bganjye, nimuwusohokemo, kugira ngo mwe gufatanya n’ibyaha byawo, mwe guhabga no ku byago byawo.” Ni koko ni ngombwa gusohoka mu idini y’ibinyoma kugira ngo umuntu azarokoke ‘umubabaro mwinshi,’ ubu uri hafi. (Ibyahishuwe 7:14) Ariko nkuko tugiye kubireba ntabwo ibyo bihagije!

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 8]

ABAYOBOZI B’AMADINI N’UMUCO WEREKERANYE N’IMISHYIKIRANO Y’IBITSINA

“Ababycyi, abahanga mu bumenyi bw’imyifatire y’abantu, abapolisi n’ababuranira abantu bavuze ko muri Etazuni abana amagana bafatwa ku ngufu n’abapadiri b’abagatolika mu myaka itanu ishize ubu bafite ingorane zikomeye mu mishyikirano yabo n’abandi.”—Ikinyamakuru cyitwa Akron Beacon Journal, cyo ku wa 3 Mutarama 1988.

“Muri Etazuni, Kiliziya Gatolika yahaye amamiliyoni y’amadolari y’indishyi z’akababaro ababyeyi bemeje ko abapadiri bagiriye nabi abana babo. Ibyo ntibyabujije ko ubu ibintu bimeze nabi cyane, kandi nkuko ababuranira abantu benshi babivuga kimwe n’abagiriwe nabi, Kiliziya yirengagije ibyo ishaka kubihwamika.”​—Ikinyamakuru The Miami Herald, cyo ku wa 3 Mutarama 1988.

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 6]

Amafoto y’imana nyabutatu​—zo muri Egiputa ya kera na Kristendomu

[Aho amafoto yavuye]

Saint-Remi Museum collection, Reims, photo by J. Terrisse

Louvre Museum, Paris

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 9]

Bibiliya igereranya abayobozi b’amadini b’abasambanyi n’ingurube yuhagiwe maze igasubira kwivuruguta mu byondo