Ko e Hā ʻa e Moʻoni Fekauʻaki mo Pētelihema mo e Kilisimasí?
“ʻI HEʻETAU fakakaukau atu ki he Misiteli fekauʻaki mo Pētelihemá ʻoku ʻikai malava ke tau taʻofi ʻa e haʻu ki hotau ʻatamaí ʻa e ngaahi fehuʻi mo e ngaahi veiveiua.”—Bethlehem, naʻe fai ʻe Maria Teresa Petrozzi.
Te ke ʻeke nai, ‘Ko e hā ʻoku ʻi ai ai ʻa e ngaahi fehuʻi mo e ngaahi veiveiuá?’ He ko e ngaahi tui kehekehe ʻo fekauʻaki mo e Kilisimasí, pea mo e ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi tui ko iá, ʻoku fakatuʻunga kinautolu ʻi he meʻa moʻoni. ʻOku moʻoni ʻoku fakatuʻunga pehē ai, pe ʻikai?
Naʻe ʻAloʻi Ia ʻAnefē?
ʻOku ʻeke ʻe Maria Teresa Petrozzi fekauʻaki mo e ʻaho ʻaloʻi ʻo Sīsuú: “Naʻe ʻaloʻi tonu matematē ʻanefē ʻa e Tokotaha-Huhuʻí? Te tau fieʻilo ʻo ʻikai ki he taʻú pē ka ʻe toe pehē foki ki he māhina, ʻaho, mo e houa. ʻOku ʻikai te tau maʻu ʻa e tuʻunga totonu matematē pehē.” ʻOku poupouʻi ʻa e meʻá ni ʻe he New Catholic Encyclopedia: “Ko hono fikaʻi fakaofiofi pē ʻoku malava ke fai fekauʻaki mo e ʻaho ʻaloʻi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí.” ʻOkú ne toe pehē ʻo fekauʻaki mo e ʻaho ko ia ʻoku taku ko e ʻaho ʻaloʻi ia ʻo Kalaisí: “ʻOku ʻikai ke fehoanaki ʻa e ʻaho 25 ia ʻo Tīsemá ki he ʻaloʻi ʻo Kalaisí ka ʻoku fehoanaki ia ki he kātoanga Natalis Solis Invicti, ko e kātoanga faka-Loma ki he laʻaá ʻi he taimi ʻoku kamata ai ʻa e ngaahi ʻaho ke lōloa ange.”
Ko ia te ke ʻeke nai, ‘Kapau naʻe ʻikai ke ʻaloʻi ʻa Sīsū ʻi Tīsema 25, naʻe ʻaloʻi ia ʻanefē?’ ʻOku tau maʻu mei he Mātiu vahe 26 mo e 27 ʻa e mahino naʻe pekia ʻa Sīsū ʻi he taimi ʻo e kātoanga faka-Siu ko e Pāsova, ʻa ia naʻe kamata ʻi ʻEpeleli 1, ʻo e 33 T.S. ʻIkai ko ia pē, ʻoku fakahā mai kiate kitautolu ʻia Luke 3:21-23 naʻe taʻu 30 nai ʻa Sīsū ʻi he taimi naʻá ne kamata ai ʻa ʻene ngāue fakafaifekaú. Koeʻuhi naʻe feʻunga mo e taʻu ʻe tolu mo e konga ʻa e fuoloa ʻo ʻene ngāue fakafaifekau ʻi he māmaní, naʻá ne taʻu 33 1/2 nai ʻi he taimi naʻá ne pekia aí. Ne mei taʻu 34 kakato ʻa e taʻu motuʻa ʻo Kalaisí ʻaki ʻa e māhina ʻe ono ki mui aí, ʻa ia ʻe aʻu ki ʻOkatopa 1 nai. Ko ia kapau te tau lau fakaholomui ke tau ʻilo ʻa e taimi naʻe ʻaloʻi ai ʻa Sīsuú, te tau aʻu ai, ʻo ʻikai ki Tīsema 25 pe Sānuali 6, ka ki ʻOkatopa 1 nai ʻo e taʻu 2 K.M.
ʻOku toe mahuʻinga ke tau fakatokangaʻi ko e lolotonga ko ia ʻo e māhina ko Tīsemá, ʻoku tofanga ai ʻa Pētelihema mo e ngaahi feituʻu takatakai ki aí ʻi he ʻea mātuʻaki momoko ʻaupito, ngaahi ʻuha momoko, pea sinou ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi. Heʻikai ke ʻilo ha kau tauhi-sipi mo ʻenau ngaahi tākangá ʻoku nau ʻi tuʻa ʻi he taimi poʻulí ʻi he lolotonga ʻo e taimi ko iá. ʻOku ʻikai ko e anga ia ʻo e ʻea ʻoku toki hoko ki mui ni mai. ʻOku fakamatala ʻa e Tohitapú ʻo kau ki he tuʻi Siuta ko Sihoiakimi naʻá ne “ʻafio ʻi he fale fākavao, he ko hono hiva mahina: [Kisileu, ʻoku fehoanaki ia mo Nōvema ki Tīsema], pea ko e matanavu ena ʻi hono ʻao ʻoku kakaha.” (Selemaia 36:22) Naʻe fiemaʻu kiate ia ʻa e meʻa fakavela ko ení ke ʻai ia ke ne māfana. ʻIkai ko ia pē, ʻoku tau maʻu ʻia ʻĒsela 10:9, 13 ʻa e fakamoʻoni maʻalaʻala ko e māhina ko ia ko Kisileú ko e “taimi ʻuha eni, pea ʻoku ʻikai ke lava ke nofo ʻi tuʻa.” ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻe he meʻá ni kotoa ʻoku ʻikai fehoanaki ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga ko ia ʻo e ʻea ʻi Pētelihemá ʻi Tīsema mo e fakamatala ʻa e Tohitapú ʻo kau ki he ngaahi meʻa naʻe hoko fekauʻaki mo e ʻaloʻi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisí.—Luke 2:8-11.
ʻAloʻi ʻi he Feituʻu Fē?
Ko e hā ʻa e fakakaukau totonu ʻo fekauʻaki mo e feituʻu ko ia naʻe hoko ko e meʻa naʻe fakaʻaiʻai ai ʻa e tau Crimea (1853-56), ʻa ia ko e ‘fepaki fetotoʻi’ naʻe mole ai ʻa e moʻui ʻa e kau sōtia Falanisē ʻo laka hake he toko taha kilu? Ko e feituʻu tonu ia naʻe ʻaloʻi ai ʻa Sīsuú?
Ke kamataʻaki, ʻoku ʻikai ha lave ʻa e Tohitapú tonu ki he feituʻu tonu matematē ko ia naʻe ʻaloʻi ai ʻa Sīsuú. ʻOku fakapapauʻi mai ʻe Mātiu mo Luke ko hono ʻaloʻi ʻo Sīsuú naʻe fakahoko ai ʻa e kikite fekauʻaki mo e Mīsaiá ʻia Maika 5:2, ʻa ia naʻe kikiteʻi ai ʻo pehē “ʻe, ʻalu atu ha taha . . . ʻa ia te ne hoko ko e pule ʻo Isileli; pea ko ʻene ngaahi ʻalu atu ʻoku talu mei muʻa,” ʻe ʻalu atu ia mei Pētelihema. (Mātiu 2:1, 5; Luke 2:4) ʻOku fakatou lave pē ʻa e ongo fakamatala Kosipelí ki he ngaahi tefitoʻi meʻa fuʻu siʻisiʻi, ʻa ia naʻe ʻaloʻi ʻa Sīsū ʻi Pētelihema, pea fakatatau kia Luke, naʻe fakakofuʻaki ʻa e kiʻi pēpeé ni ʻa e kofu fakatamasiʻi valevale pea naʻe fakatokoto ʻi he ʻaiʻangakai ʻo e manu.—Luke 2:7.
Ko e hā naʻe ʻikai ke toe tānaki atu ai ʻe he ongo tangata-tohi Kosipelí ha ngaahi fakaikiiki lahi ange? ʻOku pehē ʻe Maria Teresa Petrozzi: “ʻOku siʻaki ʻe he ongo ʻevangelioó ni ʻa e ngaahi fakaikiikí, koeʻuhi ʻoku ngalingali naʻá na fakakaukau ʻoku ʻikai ke fuʻu loko mahuʻinga ia.” Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku hā mahino naʻe ʻikai fakakaukau ʻa Sīsū tonu ko ha meʻa mātuʻaki mahuʻinga fau ʻa e ngaahi fakaikiiki ʻo fekauʻaki mo hono ʻaloʻí, he naʻe ʻikai ʻaupito haʻane lave ʻo kau ki hono ʻaho ʻaloʻí pe ko e feituʻu tonu matematē ko ia naʻe ʻaloʻi aí. Neongo naʻe ʻaloʻi ia ʻi Pētelihema, naʻe ʻikai lau ʻe Sīsū ia ʻa e feituʻu ko iá ko hano kolo totonu, ka naʻe lave ia ki he feituʻu ko Kālelí ʻo pehē ko “hono fonua totonu.”—Maʻake 6:1, 3, 4; Mātiu 2:4, 5; 13:54.
ʻI hono lau ʻo e Sione 7:40-42 ʻoku hā mei ai naʻe ʻikai loko ʻilo ʻa e tokolahi taha ia ʻo e kakaí ki he feituʻu naʻe ʻaloʻi ai iá, ʻo nau fakakaukau naʻe ʻaloʻi ia ʻi Kāleli: “Ka pehe ʻe ha niʻihi, He ʻoku haʻu koā ʻa e Misaia mei Kaleli, ʻo?” Makatuʻunga ʻi he meʻa naʻe hiki ʻia Sione 7:41, ʻoku fakaʻosiʻaki ʻe he tohi ko e The Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem: “ʻOku ʻikai ke fakaʻikaiʻi ʻe he ngaahi fealeaʻaki pehē naʻe malanga haké ʻa e moʻoniʻi meʻa ko ia naʻe ʻaloʻi ʻa Kalaisi ʻi Pētelihemá; ka ʻokú ne fakahaaʻi ko e tokolahi ʻo Hono kaungā-feohí naʻe ʻikai te nau loko ʻilo kinautolu ʻa e meʻa ko iá.”
ʻOku hā mahino, ʻi he lolotonga ʻo e moʻui ʻa Sīsū tonu ʻi he māmaní, naʻe ʻikai haʻane fakamatala ha fakaikiiki ʻo fekauʻaki mo hono ʻaloʻí. Naʻe ʻikai ke fai ha fakamamafa ia ʻo fekauʻaki mo e feituʻu naʻe ʻaloʻi ai iá. Ko ia, ko e hā leva ʻa e makatuʻunga ki he tui ko ia ʻo pehē ko e ʻAna Fakamanatu ʻo e ʻAloʻí ko e feituʻu ia naʻe ʻomai ki ai ʻe Siosefa ʻa Mele ke fāʻele aí?
ʻOku fakahā fakahangatonu moʻoni ʻe Petrozzi ʻo pehē: “ʻOku ʻikai malava ke ʻilo fakapapauʻi pe ko e ʻaná ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi ʻana fakaenatula taʻefaʻalaua naʻe ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu takatakai ʻo Pētelihemá, pe ko ha ʻana ia naʻe ngāueʻaki ko ha tauhiʻanga fanga manu ʻi ha fale tali-fononga. Kaekehe, ko e talatukufakaholo ʻa ia ko hono kamataʻanga ko e ʻuluaki konga ʻo e senituli hono 2 ʻo faai mai, ʻokú ne fakahā fakahangatonu mai; ko ha ʻana mo ha tauhiʻanga fanga manu fakatouʻosi.”—Fakaʻītali ʻamautolu.
Ko ha Talatukufakaholo Pē
Ko Maria Teresa Petrozzi mo R. W. Hamilton, fakataha mo e kau ako kehekehe ki he hisitōlia ʻo Pētelihemá, ʻoku nau fakahā ʻo pehē ko Justin Martyr, ʻo e senituli hono ua T.S., ko e ʻuluaki tokotaha ia naʻá ne taukaveʻi naʻe ʻaloʻi ʻa Sīsū ʻi ha ʻana, ʻo taʻe te ne fakapapauʻi pe ko e ʻana fē. ʻOku fakaʻosiʻaki ʻe Hamilton ko ʻene lave ki he fakamatala ʻa Justin Martyr: “Ko e taukaveʻi ʻeni ia naʻe fai ʻo ʻikai ha fakamatala lahi ki ai, pea ke tau lau pē ʻo pehē naʻe ʻi he fakakaukau ʻa St. Justin ha ʻana pau, pea ke tau pehē ai naʻá ne lave ki he ʻAna Fakamanatu ʻo e ʻAloʻí ʻa ia ʻoku lolotonga tuʻú, ko hano fakalahiʻi ia ʻo e kiʻi meʻa siʻi pe naʻe leaʻaki.”
ʻI ha kiʻi fakamatala ʻi lalo peesi naʻe tohi ai ʻa Hamilton ʻo pehē: “ʻI he fakamatala fekauʻaki mo e ʻAloʻí ʻa ia ʻoku hā ʻi he tohi taʻe fakamānavaʻi ko e ‘Tohi ʻa Sēmisi’ pe ‘Protevangelium’, ʻa ia naʻe tohi ʻi he vahaʻa taimi tatau pē, ʻoku toe lave ai ki ha ʻana, ka ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ia ai ʻoku tuʻu ʻa e ʻaná ia ʻi tuʻa mei Pētelihema. ʻI he fekauʻaki mo hano mahuʻinga fakahisitōlia ʻoku fakahā ʻe he fakamatalá naʻe teʻeki ai ke fekauʻaki ʻa e talatukufakaholo ia mo ha feituʻu pau pē ʻe taha, pea ʻoku pau naʻe ʻikai ke fekauʻaki ia mo e ʻAna Fakamanatu ʻo e ʻAloʻí.”
Ko e ongo faʻutohi fakalotu ʻi he senituli hono tolú ko Origen mo ʻIusipio ʻokú na fakafekauʻaki ʻa e talatukufakaholó ki ha feituʻu pau. ʻOku pehē ʻe Hamilton: “ʻI he taimi naʻe fakafekauʻaki ai ʻa e fakamatala ki ha ʻana paú naʻe ʻikai leva ke toe ʻi ai ha veiveiua ia; pea ʻoku malava ai ke pehē ko e ʻana ko ia naʻe fakahāhā ki he kau ʻaʻahí ʻi he hili pē ʻa e 200 T.S. ko e ʻana tatau pē ia ʻoku ʻi he lolotonga ní ʻa ia ʻoku ui ko e ʻAna Fakamanatu ʻo e ʻAloʻí.”
Naʻe fakamahalo ʻe W. H. Bartlett ʻo fekauʻaki mo e ʻana ko ʻení ʻi heʻene tohi ko e Walks About the City and Environs of Jerusalem (1842): “Neongo ʻoku fuʻu motuʻa ʻa e talatukufakaholo ʻo pehē ko e feituʻu ʻeni naʻe ʻaloʻi ai ʻa hotau Fakamoʻuí, pea naʻe lave ki ai ʻa Sangato Selome ʻa ia naʻá ne moʻui pea mate ʻi ha ʻana ofi ki ai, ka ʻoku fepaki ʻa e talatukufakaholo ia fekauʻaki mo e feituʻú ni mo e meʻa ʻoku malava ke fakahoko moʻoni aí. He neongo naʻe ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi ʻaná ʻi he taimi pē ʻe niʻihi ko ha tauhiʻanga fanga manu ʻi Pālesitaine, ka ko e ʻana ia ko ʻení ʻoku loloto ange ia ki lalofonua ʻa ia ʻoku faingataʻa ange ke hoko ai ha faʻahinga meʻa pehē; pea tānaki atu ki ai, ʻi heʻetau fakakaukau atu ki he hehema ʻa e kau Mōniká ke pehē naʻe hoko ʻa e ngaahi meʻa faka-Tohitapu fakaofo ʻi he ngaahi ʻana, ko e tupu nai ia mei he faʻahinga maongo ʻoku hoko ʻi heʻete hū ki he ngaahi feituʻu peheé, pea ko e anga ʻo e fakakaukau ʻo pehē naʻe ʻikai ke hoko ʻa e ngaahi meʻá ni ʻi he ʻana ko ʻení ʻoku meimei pau ange ia.”
Ko e hā ʻoku malava ke tau fakaʻosiʻaki mei he fakamoʻoni fakahisitōlia ko ʻeni kuo maʻú, kae mahuʻinga angé, ko e moʻoniʻi meʻa faka-Tohitapu ko ia naʻe ʻikai ke tuku ʻe Sīsū pe ko ʻene kau ākongá ha tuʻunga mahuʻinga ki he feituʻu naʻe ʻaloʻi ai iá? ʻOku hā mahino, ʻi he taimi ko ia naʻe hanga ai ʻe Kuini Helenā, ko e faʻē ʻa Konisitanitaine ko e Lahí, ʻo fokotuʻu maʻu ʻa e feituʻu ki he Falelotu Fakamanatu ʻo e ʻAloʻí ʻi he taʻu 326 T.S., naʻá ne fai ia ʻo makatuʻunga ʻi he meʻa ko ia naʻe fakamatala ki ai ʻa Hamilton ʻo pehē ‘koeʻuhi ko hono fakafekauʻaki fuoloa ʻa e talatukufakaholó pea mo e feituʻú ni.’ Ka naʻe ʻikai ke makatuʻunga ia ʻi ha fakamoʻoni fakahisitōlia pe faka-Tohitapu.
ʻOku taki atu ʻa e fakamatalá ni ke toe fakaʻosiʻaki ʻo pehē ʻoku ʻikai ʻilo ʻa e feituʻu totonu ko ia naʻe ʻaloʻi ai ʻa Kalaisí. Ko ia ai, ʻoku ʻuhinga totonu nai ki he faʻahinga angatonú ke nau ō ʻi ha fononga pilikimi ki he ngaahi feituʻu peheé ʻo hangē ko e ʻAna Fakamanatu ʻo e ʻAloʻí pea fai ha fakaʻapaʻapa ki ai? Ko hono moʻoní, kapau naʻe fiemaʻu ke fai pehē ʻa e kau Kalisitiané, ʻikai ne mei hanga ʻe Sīsū ʻo fakahinohino pea fakahā mei heʻene tafaʻakí ha faʻahinga fakaʻamu pehē ki heʻene kau ākongá? ʻIkai ʻe hiki ia ʻi he Folofola ʻa e ʻOtuá, ko e Tohitapú, ke lau ʻe he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá kātoa ʻi māmani? Koeʻuhi ko e hā mahino ʻa e ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha ngaahi fakamoʻoni mei he Tohitapú ke fai ha meʻa peheé, ʻoku lelei ke tau ʻeke pe ko e hā ʻa e meʻa naʻe pehē ʻe Sīsū ʻoku taau ke fakamanatú.
Pe ko e hā pē ʻa e fekumi nai te tau fai atu, ko e meʻa pē te tau ʻilo naʻe fiemaʻu ki he kau ākonga ʻa Sīsuú ke nau fakamanatu ʻi he ngaahi toʻutangatá ko ʻene pekia fakaefeilaulaú pē. Naʻá ne pekia ʻi he faʻahitaʻu failau, fuoloa siʻi pē mei heʻene kātoangaʻi ʻa e Pāsova fakamuimui mo ʻene kau ākongá. ʻI he taimi ko iá naʻá ne fakahinohino ai ki heʻene kau ākonga loto-tōnungá ke nau ʻai ha houa kai fakaefakatātā pehē ʻo ngāueʻaki ʻa e mā taʻelēvani, hangē ko e matzoth, mo e uaine kulokula. ʻI he fekauʻaki mo e kātoanga faingofua fakaeouaú ni, ʻa ia naʻe fuofua fai ʻi ʻEpeleli 1, ʻo e 33 T.S., naʻá ne fekau mai: “Mou fai ʻeni mōku fakamanatu.”—Luke 22:19, 20.
ʻI he talangofua ki he fekau faka-Tohitapu ko ʻeni meia Sīsū tonu, ʻoku kātoangaʻi fakataʻu ʻe he Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ʻi māmani kātoa ʻa e Fakamanatu ʻo e pekia fakaefeilaulau ʻa Kalaisí. ʻOku ʻikai te nau fai ʻa e fakataha faka-Kalisitiane ko ʻeni ʻi ha feituʻu makehe ʻi ha loki ʻi ʻolunga ʻi Selusalema, he naʻe ʻikai ke fakahā ia ʻe Sīsū. Ka ʻi māmani kātoa, ʻoku nau fakatahataha ki honau ngaahi Kingdom Hall pea pehē ki he ngaahi faiʻanga fakataha ʻi he feituʻu ʻoku nau ʻi aí. Ko e kātoanga hono hokó ʻe fai ia ʻi ʻEpeleli 6, 1993, ʻi he tō hifo ʻa e laʻaá. ʻOku fakaafeʻi atu koe ke ke haʻu ki he Kingdom Hall ʻo e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihova ʻa ia ʻoku ofi taha ki he feituʻu ʻokú ke ʻi aí.
ʻOku ʻikai fiemaʻu ke ke ʻalu ki Selusalema pe ki Pētelihema ke maʻu ʻa e kātoanga mahuʻingá ni ʻi he talangofua ki he fekau ʻa Sīsuú. Pea naʻe ʻikai ke mahuʻinga kia Sīsū ia pe ko ʻene kau ākongá ha ngaahi feituʻu ke hoko ko ha ngaahi feituʻu tefito ki he lotu faka-Kalisitiané. Ko hono kehe ʻaupitó, naʻe tala ʻe Sīsū ki ha fefine Samēlia, ʻa ia naʻe fakatefito pē ʻa hono fai ʻene lotú ʻi Kelisimi, ko ha moʻunga ʻi Samēlia, ʻi he tafaʻaki faka-tokelau ʻo Selusalemá: “ʻE fefine, tui mai kiate au, ʻoku ʻunu mai ha taimi, ʻa ia ʻe ʻikai te mou fai ʻi he moʻunga ni, pe ʻi Selusalema, hoʻomou lotu ki he Tamai. Ka ne ongo ia, ka ʻoku ʻunu mai ha taimi—ʻio, kuo hoko ni—ʻa ia ko e kakai ʻoku lotu moʻoni te nau fai ʻi laumālie mo fai ʻi moʻoni ʻe nau lotu ki he Tamai: he ko e Tamai foki ʻoku ne kumi ʻa e faʻahinga ko ia, ʻakinautolu ʻoku matuʻaki lotu kiate ia.”—Sione 4:21, 23.
Ko e faʻahinga ʻoku lotu ki he Tamaí ʻo faiʻaki ʻa e laumālié mo e moʻoní ʻoku ʻikai fakatefito ʻenau fai iá ʻi ha ngaahi feituʻu makehe, ʻo hangē ko Pētelihema, pe fai ʻenau lotu ʻo fakafou ʻi ha ngaahi meʻa, ʻo hangē ko e ngaahi ʻīmisi. Naʻe pehē ʻe he ʻapositolo ko Paulá: “Lolotonga ʻemau nofo ʻi homau ʻapi ki tuʻa ni, ʻa e sino, ʻoku mau mamaʻo mo homau ʻapi ki ʻao ki he ʻEiki; he ko ʻemau fononga ʻoku fai ʻaki ʻa e tui, ʻo ʻikai ʻaki ʻa e mamata.”—2 Kolinitō 5:6, 7.
Kaekehe, te ke kei fifili nai, ʻoku malava fēfē ke te lotu ki he ʻOtuá ʻi he founga ʻoku fakahōifua kiate iá? Ko e taimi hono hoko ʻe ʻaʻahi atu ai ha taha ʻo e Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ki ho ʻapí, kātaki ʻo ʻeke ange muʻa kiate ia.
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 5]
ʻI he faʻahitaʻu momokó, ʻoku ʻufiʻufi nai ʻe he sinoú ʻa e kelekele ofi ki Pētelihemá. ʻE mohe ʻa e kau tauhi-sipí mo ʻenau fanga sipí ʻi tuʻa?
[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 7]
Ko e Falelotu Fakamanatu ʻo e ʻAloʻí ʻi Pētelihema pea mo hono ʻana ʻi lalofonua
[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā]
Garo Nalbandian