Baasakoro ho “Kyerɛw Nsɛm a Edi ho Adanse” Nso Ɛ?

WƆKA sɛ Bible mu kyerɛw nsɛm binom de adanse a egyina Baasakoro no akyi ma. Nanso, sɛ yɛkenkan kyerɛw nsɛm a ɛtete saa a, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem sɛ Bible ne abakɔsɛm mu adanse no nyɛ nea ɛboa Baasakoro no.

Ɛsɛ sɛ wogyina nsɛm afoforo a ɛka Bible mũ no nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛde ma bere nyinaa no ho no so na ɛte Bible mu asɛm biara a wɔde ma sɛ ɛyɛ adanse no ase. Mpɛn pii no, nsɛm afoforo a ɛwɔ nkyekyem a atwa ho ahyia no mu no na ɛma kyerɛw nsɛm a ɛte sɛɛ no mu nokware ntease no mu da hɔ pefee.

Baasa a Wɔka Bom yɛ Biako

NEW Catholic Encyclopedia no de “kyerɛw nsɛm a edi ho adanse” a ɛte sɛɛ no abiɛsa na ɛma nanso egye tom sɛ: “Wɔnkyerɛkyerɛ Baasakoro Kronkron kyerɛkyerɛ no wɔ Apam Dedaw no mu. Apam Foforo no mu no, adanse a akyɛ sen biara no wɔ Paulo nhoma ahorow no mu, titiriw, 2 Korintofo 13:13 [nkyekyem 14 wɔ Bible binom mu], ne 1 Korintofo 12:4-6. Wohu Baasakoro no ho adanse wɔ Asɛmpa no mu pefee wɔ asubɔ ho nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ Mateo 28:19 no mu.”

Saa nkyekyem ahorow no mu no, wɔhyehyɛ “nnipa” baasa no sɛnea edidi so yi wɔ The New Jerusalem Bible no mu. Korintofo Nhoma a Ɛto so Abien 13:13 (14) de baasa no bom saa kwan yi so: “Awurade Yesu Kristo dom, Onyankopɔn dɔ ne Honhom Kronkron ayɔnkofa nka mo nyinaa.” Korintofo Nhoma a Edi Kan 12:4-6 se: “Akyɛde ahorow pii na ɛwɔ hɔ, nanso ɛyɛ Honhom koro no bere nyinaa; ɔsom akwan pii na ɛwɔ hɔ, nanso ɛyɛ Awurade koro no bere nyinaa. Dwumadi ahorow pii na ɛwɔ hɔ, nanso obiara mu no, ɛyɛ Onyankopɔn koro no ara na ɔyɛ adwuma wɔn nyinaa mu.” Na Mateo 28:19 kenkan sɛ: “Enti, monkɔ nkɔyɛ amanaman nyinaa asuafo; mommɔ wɔn asu Agya ne Ɔba ne Honhom Kronkron no din mu.”

So nkyekyem ahorow yi ka sɛ Onyankopɔn, Kristo, ne honhom kronkron no ka bom yɛ Baasakoro Nyamesu bi, sɛ baasa no yɛ pɛ wɔ su, tumi, daa asetra mu anaa? Dabi, ɛnkyerɛ saa, sɛnea nnipa baasa a wɔbɛbobɔ wɔn din atoatoa so te sɛ Kofi, Ama, ne Yaw no nkyerɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nnipa baasa a wɔka bom yɛ biako no.

McClintock ne Strong Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature no gye tom sɛ nea ka a wɔka wɔn ho asɛm saa kwan yi so no “kyerɛ ara ne sɛ nneɛma abiɛsa a wɔbobɔ din no wɔ hɔ, . . . na mmom, ɛno nkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ baasa no ka bom yɛ ɔsoro nipasu bi, na wɔwɔ ɔsoro nidi a ɛyɛ pɛ.”

Ɛwom sɛ saa nhoma no gyina baasakoro akyi de, nanso ɛka fa 2 Korintofo 13:13 (14) ho sɛ “ɛrentumi nkyerɛ mma ɛmfata sɛ wɔn tumi yɛ pɛ, anaasɛ wɔwɔ su koro no ara.” Na ɛka Mateo 28:18-20 ho asɛm sɛ: “Nanso, sɛ wɔfa kyerɛwsɛm yi nkutoo a, ɛrentumi nkyerɛ nneɛma baasa a wɔabobɔ din no nipasu anaasɛ pɛ a wɔyɛ anaa wɔn nyamesu pɔtee.”

Bere a wɔbɔɔ Yesu asu no, wɔbɔɔ Onyankopɔn, Yesu, ne honhom kronkron no din nso wɔ nsɛm afoforo a ɛka ho no ara mu. Yesu “huu Onyankopɔn honhom sɛ ɛresian sɛ aborɔnoma aba no so.” (Mateo 3:16) Nanso, eyi nka sɛ na baasa no yɛ biako. Wɔka Abraham, Isak, ne Yakob ho asɛm bom mpɛn pii, nanso ɛno mma wɔnyɛ biako. Wɔbɔ Petro, Yakobo, ne Yohane din bom, nanso ɛno nso mma wɔnyɛ biako. Bio nso, Onyankopɔn honhom sian baa Yesu so wɔ n’asubɔ mu, a na ɛkyerɛ sɛ na wɔmfaa honhom nsraa Yesu besi saa bere no. Esiane sɛ eyi te saa nti, ɔkwan bɛn so na na obetumi ayɛ Baasakoro bi fã faako a na ɔne honhom kronkron no ayɛ biako bere nyinaa no?

Wohu asɛm foforo a ɛka baasa no ho asɛm bom nso wɔ Bible nkyerɛase dedaw binom mu wɔ 1 Yohane 5:7. Nanso, nhomanimfo gye tom sɛ mfiase no na saa nsɛm yi nni Bible no mu na mmom akyiri yi na wɔde kaa ho. Nnɛyi nkyerɛase ahorow pii yi saa nkyekyem a ɛnyɛ nokware no fi mu ma ɛfata.

“Kyerɛw nsɛm a edi ho adanse” afoforo ka abusuabɔ a ɛda baanu—Agya no ne Yesu—ntam no nkutoo ho asɛm. Ma yensusuw emu binom ho.

“Me ne Agya no yɛ Biako”

WƆTAA fa saa kyerɛwsɛm no a ɛwɔ Yohane 10:30 no ka asɛm de gyina Baasakoro no akyi, ɛwom sɛ wɔmmɔ onipa a ɔto so abiɛsa biara din wɔ hɔ de. Nanso Yesu ankasa kyerɛɛ nea na “biako” a na ɔne Agya no yɛ no kyerɛ. Wɔ Yohane 17:21, 22 no, ɔbɔɔ Onyankopɔn mpae sɛ n’asuafo nyinaa “nyɛ biako, sɛnea wo, agya, wowɔ me mu, na mewɔ wo mu; sɛ wɔn nso nyɛ biako wɔ yɛn mu, . . . sɛ wɔnyɛ biako, sɛnea yɛyɛ biako no.” So na Yesu rebɔ mpae sɛ n’asuafo nyinaa bɛka abom ayɛ onipa biako? Dabi, ɛda adi sɛ na Yesu rebɔ mpae sɛ wɔbɛyɛ biako wɔ nsusuwii ne atirimpɔw mu, sɛnea na ɔne Onyankopɔn te no.—Hwɛ 1 Korintofo 1:10 nso.

Wɔ 1 Korintofo 3:6, 8 no, Paulo se: “Me de, miduae, Apolo guguu so nsu, . . . nea odua ne nea ogugu so nsu yɛ biako.” Ná Paulo nkyerɛ sɛ ɔne Apolo yɛ nnipa baanu a wɔka bom yɛ biako; ɔkyerɛe sɛ na wɔayɛ biako wɔ atirimpɔw mu. Hela asɛmfua a Paulo de dii dwuma wɔ ha maa “biako” (hen) no nkyerɛ ɔbarima anaa ɔbea, ne nkyerɛase ankasa ne “(ade) biako,” a ɛkyerɛ biakoyɛ wɔ nkabom mu. Ɛyɛ saa asɛmfua no ara na Yesu de dii dwuma wɔ Yohane 10:30 de kyerɛkyerɛɛ ɔne n’Agya abusuabɔ no mu. Saa asɛmfua no ara na Yesu de dii dwuma wɔ Yohane 17:21, 22. Enti bere a ɔde asɛmfua “biako” (hen) dii dwuma wɔ saa nsɛm yi mu no, na ɔreka nsusuwii ne atirimpɔw mu biakoyɛ ho asɛm.

Ɛdefa Yohane 10:30 ho no, John Calvin (a na ɔyɛ Baasakoroni) no kae wɔ nhoma Commentary on the Gospel According to John no mu sɛ: “Tetefo no de saa asɛm yi dii dwuma ɔkwammɔne so de kyerɛe sɛ Kristo ne . . . Agya no wɔ su koro. Ɛnyɛ su mu biakoyɛ ho asɛm na Kristo ka, na mmom sɛnea ɔne n’Agya no adwene hyia ho asɛm na ɔka.”

Nkyekyem a edi Yohane 10:30 no akyi mu nsɛm mu pɛɛ no, Yesu kasa tumi so sɛ na ne nsɛm no nyɛ nea ɔde kyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛ Onyankopɔn. Obisaa Yudafo a wɔde asɛm no baa awiei mfomso mu saa na wɔpɛe sɛ wosiw no abo no sɛ: “Adɛn nti na moka nea agya ayɛ no kronkron na wasoma no wiase no ho asɛm sɛ: Woka abususɛm, sɛ mekae sɛ: Onyankopɔn ba ne me nti?” (Yohane 10:31-36) Dabi, Yesu ankyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛ Ɔba Onyankopɔn, na mmom na ɔyɛ Onyankopɔn Ba.

‘So Ɔyɛ ne ho sɛ Ɔne Onyankopɔn Sɛ’?

KYERƐWSƐM foforo a wɔde gyina Baasakoro no akyi ne Yohane 5:18. Ɛka sɛ Yudafo no (sɛnea ɛwɔ Yohane 10:31-36 no) pɛe sɛ wokum Yesu efisɛ “ɔfrɛ Onyankopɔn n’ankasa n’agya de yɛ ne ho sɛ ɔne Nyankopɔn sɛ.”

Nanso, henanom na wɔkae sɛ Yesu yɛ ne ho sɛ ɔne Nyankopɔn sɛ no? Ɛnyɛ Yesu. Oyii ne ho ano wɔ saa atosɛm yi ho wɔ nkyekyem a edi hɔ (19) no ara mu: “Yesu buaa anototo yi sɛ: . . . ‘Ɔba no ankasa ntumi nyɛ hwee; nea ohu sɛ Agya no yɛ nkutoo na obetumi ayɛ.’”—JB.

Yesu de eyi kyerɛɛ Yudafo no sɛ ɔne Onyankopɔn nsɛ na enti ɔrentumi mmɔ ne tirim nyɛ biribi. So yebetumi de ani abu obi a ɔne Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn yɛ pɛ no sɛ ɔbɛka sɛ “n’ankasa ntumi nyɛ hwee”? (Fa toto Daniel 4:34, 35 ho.) Nea ɛyɛ anigye no, nsɛm afoforo a ɛka Yohane 5:18 ne 10:30 nyinaa ho no kyerɛ sɛ Yesu yii ne ho ano wɔ Yudafo a, te sɛ Baasakorofo no, na wɔde nsɛm reba awiei wɔ ɔkwan a mfomso wom so no atosɛm no ho!

‘So Ɔne Onyankopɔn Sɛ’?

KATOLEKFO Douay Version (Dy) a wɔyɛɛ no 1609 no ka Yesu ho asɛm wɔ Filipifo 2:6 sɛ: “Ɔno a esiane sɛ ɔwɔ Onyankopɔn tebeam nti, wammu no sɛ ɛyɛ dwowtwa sɛ ɔne Onyankopɔn sɛ.” King James Version (KJ) a wɔyɛɛ no 1611 no nso kenkan saa ara. Ebinom da so ara de nkyekyem ahorow a ɛte saa gyina adwene a ɛne sɛ na Yesu ne Onyankopɔn sɛ no akyi. Nanso hyɛ sɛnea nkyerɛase afoforo ka saa nkyekyem yi no nsow:

1869: “ɔno a ɔwɔ Onyankopɔn tebeam de, nanso wammu no sɛ ade a ɛsɛ sɛ oso mu sɛ ɔne Onyankopɔn sɛ.” The New Testament, a G. R. Noyes yɛe.

1965: “Ɔno de—nokwarem no na ɔwɔ onyamesu!—wannya ne ho mu ahotoso anyɛ ne ho sɛ ɔne Onyankopɔn sɛ da.” Das Neue Testament, nea wɔsan yɛɛ no foforo, a Friedrich Pfäfflin yɛe.

1968: “ɔno a ɔwɔ Onyankopɔn tebeam, nanso wammu no sɛ ade a ɛsɛ sɛ ɔde adifudepɛ fa dema ne ho sɛ ɔne Onyankopɔn sɛ.” La Bibbia Concordata.

1976: “Na ɔno nso wɔ Onyankopɔn suban, nanso wansusuw ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ ɔde ɔhyɛ bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔne Onyankopɔn bɛyɛ pɛ.” Today’s English Version.

1984: “ɔno a, ɛwom sɛ na ɔwɔ Onyankopɔn tebeam de, nanso wansusuw biribi a obegye ho, a ɛne sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ ɔne Onyankopɔn yɛ pɛ.” New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures.

1985: “Ɔno a na ɔwɔ Onyankopɔn tebeam de, nanso wamfa no sɛ pɛ a ɔne Onyankopɔn bɛyɛ no yɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ oso mu.” The New Jerusalem Bible.

Nanso, ebinom kyerɛ sɛ sɛnea wɔka no ma ɛteɛ yiye yi mpo kyerɛ sɛ (1) na Yesu wɔ pɛ a wɔyɛ no dedaw na mmom wampɛ sɛ ɔbɛfa ato ne ho so anaasɛ (2) na ɛho nhia sɛ obeso pɛ a wɔyɛ no mu efisɛ na ɔwɔ dedaw.

Ɛdefa eyi ho no, Ralph Martin ka mfitiase Hela no ho asɛm wɔ The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians no mu sɛ: “Nanso, sɛ́ ebia wobetumi de adeyɛsɛm no mu ntease ankasa a ɛne ‘sɛ wogye biribi,’ ‘sɛ wohwim ade anuɔden so’ akyerɛ sɛ ‘woso ade mu pintinn’ no yɛ nea asɛm wɔ ho.” The Expositor’s Greek Testament no nso se: “Yenhu kyerɛwsɛm biara a wɔ mu no ἁρπάζω [har·pa΄zo] anaasɛ nsɛm afoforo a efi mu biara kyerɛ ‘sɛ wɔfa biribi,’ ‘sɛ wokura mu.’ Ɛte sɛ nea ɛkyerɛ ‘sɛ wogye ade,’ ‘sɛ wohwim ade anuɔden so’ bere nyinaa. Enti wontumi nnan mfi ne ntease a ɛyɛ nokware a ɛne sɛ ‘so mu dennen’ no mu nkɔ nea ɛyɛ soronko koraa, ‘kura mu yiye’ no mu.”

Ɛda adi wɔ nea yɛasusuw ho no mu sɛ wɔn a wɔkyerɛɛ nkyekyem ahorow te sɛ nea ɛwɔ Douay ne King James mu no ase no rekyinkyim mmara horow ma ɛne nea Baasakorofo pɛ ahyia. Nea ɛne ka a wɔka sɛ Yesu susuwii sɛ na ɛfata sɛ ɔne Onyankopɔn yɛ pɛ no bɔ abira koraa no, sɛ wɔde adwempa kenkan Hela kasa a ɛwɔ Filipifo 2:6 no a, ɛkyerɛ nea ɛyɛ n’abirabɔ ankasa, sɛ Yesu ansusuw ho sɛ ɛfata.

Nkyekyem a atwa ho ahyia no mu nsɛm (3-5, 7, 8, Dy) ma sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔte nkyekyem 6 ase no mu da hɔ pefee. Wɔhyɛɛ Filipifo no sɛ: “Momfa ahobrɛase adwene mmu mo yɔnkonom nkyɛn mo ankasa mo ho.” Afei Paulo de Kristo di dwuma sɛ nhwɛso soronko wɔ saa su yi ho: “Momma adwene a ɛwɔ Kristo Yesu mu no ara ntra mo mu bi.” “Adwene” bɛn? Sɛ ‘osusuw sɛ ɛnyɛ dwowtwa sɛ ɔne Onyankopɔn bɛyɛ pɛ’? Dabi, ɛno bɛyɛ nea ɛbɔ asɛm a ɔrepɛ akyerɛ no abira ankasa! Mmom no, Yesu a ‘obuu Onyankopɔn sɛ oye sen n’ankasa’ no ‘mpere pɛ a ɔne Onyankopɔn bɛyɛ’ ho da, na mmom, “ɔbrɛɛ ne ho ase yɛɛ osetie de kosii owu mu.”

Ampa, ɛno rentumi nyɛ nea ɛreka Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn no fã bi ho asɛm. Na ɛreka Yesu Kristo a ɔyɛɛ asɛm a na Paulo pɛ sɛ ɔkyerɛ no ho nhwɛso a ɛyɛ pɛ—hia a ahobrɛase ne osetie a obi bɛyɛ ama nea Ɔkorɔn sen no ne ne Bɔfo, Yehowa Nyankopɔn ho hia—no ho asɛm.

“Me Ne”

WƆ YOHANE 8:58 no, nkyerɛase ahorow pii, sɛ nhwɛso no, The Jerusalem Bible, ma Yesu ka sɛ: “Ansa na Abraham rebɛba koraa no, na Me Ne nea ɔwɔ hɔ.” So na Yesu rekyerɛkyerɛ wɔ hɔ, sɛnea Baasakorofo kyerɛ no, sɛ na wɔde abodin “Me Ne” no frɛ no? Na, sɛnea wɔkyerɛ no, so eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɔne Yehowa a ɔwɔ Hebri Kyerɛwnsɛm no mu no, esiane sɛ King James Version no kyerɛ wɔ Exodus 13:14 sɛ: “Onyankopɔn see Mose sɛ, ME NE NEA ME NE” no nti?

Wɔ Exodus 3:14, (KJ) no, wɔde ɔkasamufa “ME NE” no di dwuma sɛ Onyankopɔn abodin de kyerɛ sɛ ɔwɔ hɔ ankasa na ɔbɛyɛ nea wahyɛ ho bɔ no. The Pentateuch and Haftorahs a Ɔbenfo J. H. Hertz ne ne samufo no ka ɔkasamufa no ho asɛm sɛ: “Israelfo a na wɔwɔ nkoasom ase no fam no, ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛ ‘ɛwom sɛ Onnya nnaa Ne tumi adi mo ho de, nanso Ɔbɛyɛ saa; Ɔte hɔ daa na ɛda adi sɛ Obegye mo.’ Nnɛɛmmafo pii di Rashi [a ɔyɛ Franse Bible ne Talmud ho nhwehwɛmufo bi no] akyi kyerɛ [Exodus 3:14] ase sɛ ‘Mɛyɛ nea mɛyɛ.’”

Asɛm a ɛwɔ Yohane 8:58 no yɛ soronko koraa wɔ nea wɔde di dwuma wɔ Exodus 3:14 no ho. Yesu amfa anni dwuma sɛ edin anaasɛ abodin na mmom sɛ nea ɔde rekyerɛkyerɛ ase a ɔtrae ansa na ɔrebɛyɛ ɔdesani no mu. Enti, hyɛ sɛnea Bible nkyerɛase afoforo ka Yohane 8:58 no nsow:

1869: “Fi bere a ansa na Abraham reba no, na mewɔ hɔ.” The New Testament, a G. R. Noyes yɛe.

1935: “Na mewɔ hɔ ansa na wɔrewo Abraham!” The Bible—An American Translation, a J. M. P. Smith ne E. J. Goodspeed yɛe.

1965: “Ansa na wɔrewo Abraham no, na meyɛ nea meyɛ no dedaw.” Das Neue Testament, a Jörg Zink yɛe.

1981: “Na mete ase ansa na wɔrewo Abraham!” The Simple English Bible.

1984: “Ansa na Abraham reba nkwa mu no, na mewɔ hɔ.” New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures.

Enti, adwene ankasa a ɛwɔ Hela kasa a wɔde dii dwuma wɔ ha no mu ne sɛ na Onyankopɔn “abakan” a ɔbɔɔ no, Yesu, wɔ hɔ bere tenten ansa na wɔrewo Abraham.—Kolosefo 1:15; Mmebusɛm 8:22, 23, 30; Adiyisɛm 3:14.

Bio, nsɛm afoforo a ɛka ho no kyerɛ sɛ eyi ne ntease a ɛteɛ. Saa bere yi no, Yudafo no pɛe sɛ wosiw Yesu abo sɛ waka sɛ ‘ohuu Abraham’ ɛwom sɛ, sɛnea wɔkae no, na onnii mfe 50 de. (Nkyekyem 57) Na nea Yesu betumi ayɛ ara ne sɛ ɔbɛka nokware a ɛfa ne mfe a wadi ho no akyerɛ wɔn. Enti ɔka kyerɛɛ wɔn sɛ “na mete ase ansa na wɔrewo Abraham!”—The Simple English Bible.

“Na Asɛm no yɛ Onyankopɔn”

WƆ YOHANE 1:1 no, King James Version no kenkan sɛ: “Mfiase no na Asɛm no wɔ hɔ, na Asɛm no ne Nyankopɔn na ɛwɔ hɔ, na Asɛm no yɛ Onyankopɔn.” Baasakorofo ka sɛ eyi kyerɛ sɛ na “Asɛm no” (Hela, ho lo΄gos) a ɔbaa asase so sɛ Yesu Kristo no ne Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn no ankasa.

Nanso, hyɛ no nsow sɛ ɛha nso no, nsɛm afoforo a ɛka ho na wobetumi agyina so ate ase yiye. King James Version no mpo se, “na Asɛm no ne Nyankopɔn na ɛwɔ hɔ.” (Yɛn na yɛde nkyerɛwde soronko akyerɛw afã bi no.) Obi a ɔne onipa foforo ‘wɔ hɔ’ no rentumi nyɛ saa onipa foforo no ara. Nea ɛne eyi hyia no, Journal of Biblical Literature a Jesuitni Joseph A. Fitzmyer ne ne samufo no ka sɛ sɛ wɔkyerɛ Yohane 1:1 ɔfã a edi akyiri no ase Onyankopɔn “no” a, eyi “bɛma ayɛ nea ɛbɔ ɔkasamufa a edi anim” a ese na Onyankopɔn ne Asɛm no na ɛwɔ hɔ no “abira.”

Afei nso, hyɛ sɛnea nkyerɛase afoforo ka nkyekyem no fã yi no nsow:

1808: “na asɛm no yɛ onyame bi.” The New Testament in an Improved Version, Upon the Basis of Archbishop Newcome’s New Translation: With a Corrected Text.

1864: “na onyame bi na na ɔyɛ asɛm no.” The Emphatic Diaglott, a wɔkenkan no sɛ mfitiase kasa no mu nsɛmfua ankasa, a Benjamin Wilson yɛe.

1928: “na na Asɛm no yɛ ɔsoroni.” La Bible du Centenaire, L΄Evangile selon Jean, a Maurice Goguel yɛe.

1935: “na Asɛm no fi soro.” The Bible—An American Translation, a J. M. P. Smith ne E. J. Goodspeed yɛe.

1946: “na ɔsoroni bi na ɔyɛ Asɛm no.” Das Neue Testament, a Ludwig Thimme yɛe.

1950: “na Asɛm no yɛ onyame bi.” New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures.

1958: “na na Asɛm no yɛ Onyankopɔn bi.” The New Testament, a James L. Tomanek yɛe.

1975: “onyame bi (anaa ɔsoroni bi), na na Asɛm no yɛ.” Das Evangelium nach Johannes, a Siegfried Schulz yɛe.

1978: “na Logos no te sɛ onyame.” Das Evangelium nach Johannes, a Johannes Schneider yɛe.

Hela kasa mu edin the·os΄ (onyame) no pue mprenu wɔ Yohane 1:1. Nea edi kan no fa Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn a na Asɛm no ne no wɔ hɔ (“na Asɛm [lo΄gos] no ne Onyankopɔn [the·os΄ bi] na ɛwɔ hɔ”) no ho. Wɔde asɛmfua ton (no) a ɛyɛ Hela kasa mu adekyerɛsɛm bi a ɛkyerɛ obi pɔtee, a asɛm yi mu no, saa onii no ne Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn no (na Asɛm no ne Nyankopɔn [no] na ɛwɔ hɔ”) di the·os΄ a edi kan no anim.

Ɔkwan foforo so no, adekyerɛsɛm biara nni the·os΄ a ɛto so abien wɔ Yohane 1:1 no anim. Enti ne nkyerɛase ankasa bɛkenkan sɛ “na Asɛm no yɛ onyame.” Nanso yɛahu sɛ nkyerɛase ahorow pii kyerɛ the·os΄ a ɛto so abien (a ɛyɛ edin kyerɛfo) no ase sɛ “ɔsoroni,” “te sɛ onyame,” anaasɛ “onyame bi.” Dɛn na wogyina so kyerɛ ase saa?

Na Hela kasa a wɔfrɛ no Koine no wɔ adekyerɛsɛm (“no”), nanso na enni (“bi”) a ɛnkyerɛ dodow biara. Enti sɛ adekyerɛsɛm nni edin kyerɛfo anim a, ebetumi aba sɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛkyerɛ obi pɔtee, a na egyina nsɛm afoforo a ɛka ho no so.

Journal of Biblical Literature se nsɛm a “ɛnyɛ nea adekyerɛsɛm bi di adeyɛsɛm no anim no kyerɛ biribi su titiriw.” Sɛnea Journal no kyerɛ no, eyi kyerɛ sɛ wobetumi de lo΄gos no atoto onyame bi ho. Ɛka Yohane 1:1 ho asɛm nso sɛ: “Dodow a ɔkyerɛfo no ka ho asɛm no dɔɔso araa ma yɛrentumi mmu edin [the·os΄] no sɛ ɛyɛ obi pɔtee.”

Enti Yohane 1:1 si Asɛm no su so dua sɛ na ɔyɛ ɔsoroni, “te sɛ onyame,” “onyame bi,” na mmom ɛnyɛ Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn. Eyi ne Bible no afã afoforo a ɛkyerɛ sɛ na Yesu a wɔfrɛ no “Asɛm no” wɔ ha no yɛ Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn a ɔkorɔn sen no no akoa a ɔhyɛ n’ase a ɔyɛ osetie na ɔsomaa no baa asase so wɔ ne dwumadi sɛ Onyankopɔn kasamafo no mu no hyia.

Bible mu nkyekyem afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a emu no, asekyerɛfo a wɔkyerɛɛ ase kɔɔ kasa afoforo mu no nyinaa de adekyerɛsɛm “bi” no hyem bere a wɔrekyerɛ Hela kasamu ahorow a wɔakyerɛw no saa ara no ase no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ Marko 6:49, bere a asuafo no hui sɛ Yesu renantew nsu so no, King James Version se: “Wosusuwii sɛ ɛyɛ honhom bi.” Wɔ Hela kasa a wɔfrɛ no Koine no mu no, “bi” biara nni “honhom” no akyi. Nanso ɛkame ayɛ sɛ kasa afoforo mu nkyerɛase horow nyinaa de “bi” ka ho sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a nkyerɛase no ne nsɛm afoforo a ɛka ho no behyia. Ɔkwan a ɛte saa ara so no, esiane sɛ Yohane 1:1 kyerɛ sɛ na Asɛm no ne Onyankopɔn na ɛwɔ hɔ nti, na ɔrentumi nyɛ Onyankopɔn na mmom “onyame bi,” anaasɛ “ofi soro.”

Joseph Henry Thayer a ɔyɛ nyamekyerɛfo ne nhomanimfo bi a ɔyɛɛ American Standard Version ho adwuma no kae tiawa sɛ: “Na Logos no fi soro, na ɛnyɛ ɔne ɔsoro Teasefo no ankasa.” Na Jesuitni John L. McKenzie kyerɛwee wɔ ne nhoma Dictionary of the Bible no mu sɛ: “Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkyerɛ Yoh. 1:1 ase ɔkwan biara so sɛ . . . ‘na asɛm no yɛ ɔsoroni bi.’”

So Ebu Mmara bi So?

NANSO, ebinom ka sɛ nkyerɛase a ɛtete saa no bu Hela kasa a wɔfrɛ no Koine no kasa mmara a Hela kasa ho nhomanimfo E. C. Colwell tintimii wɔ 1933 mu no mu mmara bi so. Ɔkyerɛe sɛ wɔ Hela mu no, edin kyerɛfo “wɔ adekyerɛsɛm [pɔtee] bere a edi adeyɛsɛm akyi no; enni adekyerɛsɛm [pɔtee] bere a edi adeyɛsɛm anim no.” Nea na ɔde eyi kyerɛ ne sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔte edin kyerɛfo a edi adeyɛsɛm anim no ase te sɛ nea ɛwɔ adekyerɛsɛm (no) wɔ n’anim. Wɔ Yohane 1:1 no, edin the·os΄ a ɛto so abien a ɛyɛ ɔkyerɛfo no di adeyɛsɛm anim—“na [the·os΄] ne Asɛm no.” Enti, sɛnea Colwell kyerɛ no, ɛsɛ sɛ Yohane 1:1 kenkan sɛ “na Onyankopɔn [no] ne Asɛm no.”

Nanso susuw nhwɛso abien pɛ a ɛwɔ Yohane 8:44 no ho. Yesu ka Ɔbonsam ho asɛm wɔ hɔ sɛ: “Ɔno na ɔyɛ owudifo fi mfiase” ne “ɔyɛ ɔtorofo.” Sɛnea ɛte wɔ Yohane 1:1 no ara no, din akyerɛfo (“owudifo” ne “ɔtorofo”) no di adeyɛ nsɛm “na ɔyɛ” ne “ɔyɛ” no anim wɔ Hela mu. Adekyerɛsɛm a ɛnkyerɛ dodow biara nni edin no mu biara anim efisɛ na adekyerɛsɛm a ɛte saa no nni Hela kasa a wɔfrɛ no Koine no mu. Nanso nkyerɛase dodow no ara de ka ho efisɛ Hela kasa mmara ne nsɛm afoforo a ɛka ho no hwehwɛ saa.—Hwɛ Marko 11:32; Yohane 4:19; 6:70; 9:17; 10:1; 12:6 nso.

Ná ɛsɛ sɛ Colwell gye eyi tom wɔ edin kyerɛfo no ho, efisɛ ɔkae sɛ: “Sɛ nsɛm afoforo a ɛka ho no hwehwɛ saa nkutoo a na ɛyɛ adekyerɛsɛm [“bi”] a ɛnkyerɛ dodow biara wɔ saa tebea yi mu.” Enti ogye tom sɛ sɛ nsɛm afoforo a ɛka ho no hwehwɛ saa a, asekyerɛfo betumi de adekyerɛsɛm a ɛnkyerɛ dodow biara ahyɛ edin no anim wɔ ɔkasamu a ɛte sɛɛ mu.

So nsɛm afoforo a ɛka ho no hwehwɛ adekyerɛsɛm a ɛnkyerɛ dodow biara wɔ Yohane 1:1? Yiw, efisɛ Bible mũ no nyinaa mu adanse ne sɛ Yesu nyɛ Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn. Enti, ɛnyɛ Colwell kasa mmara mu mmara a asɛm wɔ ho no, na mmom nsɛm afoforo a ɛka ho no na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛkyerɛ asekyerɛfo kwan wɔ nsɛm a ɛtete sɛɛ mu. Na ɛda adi wɔ nkyerɛase pii a wɔde adekyerɛsɛm “bi” a ɛnkyerɛ dodow biara no hyem wɔ Yohane 1:1 no mu ne mmeae afoforo sɛ nhomanimfo pii nnye mmara a ɛte saa no ntom, na saa ara na Onyankopɔn Asɛm no nso nnye ntom.

Ɛnyɛ Abirabɔ

SO KA a wɔka sɛ Yesu Kristo yɛ “onyame bi” no ne Bible nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛne sɛ Onyankopɔn biako pɛ na ɔwɔ hɔ no bɔ abira? Dabi, efisɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a Bible no de saa asɛm no di dwuma de ka abɔde atumfoɔ ho asɛm. Dwom 8:5 kenkan sɛ: “Wama aka no [onipa] kakraa na wasɛ onyame [Hebri, ʼelo·himʹ],” kyerɛ sɛ abɔfo. Yesu reyi ne ho ano wɔ Yudafo no anototo a ɛne sɛ waka sɛ ɔyɛ Onyankopɔn no ho no, ɔkae sɛ “Mmara no de nsɛmfua anyame no ka wɔn a wɔkaa Onyankopɔn asɛm kyerɛɛ wɔn no ho asɛm,” kyerɛ sɛ, adesamma atemmufo. (Yohane 10:34, 35, JB; Dwom 82:1-6) Wɔfrɛ Satan mpo “wiase nyame” wɔ 2 Korintofo 4:4.

Yesu wɔ gyinabea a ɛkorɔn koraa sen abɔfo, nnipa a wɔnyɛ pɛ, anaa Satan. Esiane sɛ wɔka eyinom ho asɛm sɛ “anyame,” atumfoɔ nti, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ Yesu betumi ayɛ “onyame bi.” Esiane sɛ sɛ wɔde Yesu toto Yehowa ho a, ɔwɔ gyinabea soronko bi nti, ɔyɛ “Onyankopɔn Tumfoɔ.”—Yohane 1:1; Yesaia 9:6.

Nanso so “Onyankopɔn Tumfoɔ” a wɔde nkyerɛwde akɛse di kan no nkyerɛ sɛ ɔkwan bi so no, Yesu ne Yehowa Nyankopɔn yɛ pɛ? Ɛnte saa koraa. Yesaia hyɛɛ nkɔm kɛkɛ sɛ eyi bɛyɛ din anan a wɔde bɛfrɛ Yesu no mu biako, na wɔ Engiresi kasa mu no, nkyerɛwde akɛse di din a ɛtete saa no kan. Bio nso, ɛwom sɛ wɔfrɛ Yesu ‘Tumfoɔ’ de, nanso “Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ” biako na ebetumi ayɛ nea ɔwɔ hɔ. Sɛ afoforo a wɔfrɛ wɔn anyame nanso wɔwɔ gyinabea a ɛba fam nni hɔ a, anka frɛ a wɔbɛfrɛ Yehowa Nyankopɔn “Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ” no bɛyɛ nea ɛho nhia.

Bulletin of the John Rylands Library no kyerɛ sɛ sɛnea Katolekni nyamekyerɛfo Karl Rahner kyerɛ no, bere a wɔde the·os΄ di dwuma wɔ kyerɛw nsɛm te sɛ Yohane 1:1 de ka Kristo ho asɛm no, “eyinom mu biara nni hɔ a wɔde ‘theos’ di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛda Yesu adi sɛ ɔne nea wɔ Apam Foforo no mu mmeae afoforo no wɔfrɛ no ‘ho Theos,’ kyerɛ sɛ, Onyankopɔn Pumpuni no.” Na Bulletin no de ka ho sɛ: “Sɛ Apam Foforo akyerɛwfo no gye dii sɛ ɛho hia yiye sɛ gyidifo gye Yesu di sɛ ɔne ‘Onyankopɔn’ a, so sɛnea ɛkame ayɛ sɛ saa gyidi yi nni Apam Foforo no mu koraa no renyɛ nwonwa anaa?”

Na nea ɔsomafo Toma ka kyerɛɛ Yesu sɛ, “M’awurade ne me Nyankopɔn!” wɔ Yohane 20:28 no nso ɛ? Toma fam no, na Yesu te sɛ “onyame bi” titiriw no wɔ nsɛm tebea a na ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛma ɔkaa saa no mu. Nhomanimfo binom susuw sɛ ɛbɛyɛ sɛ Toma fi nkate mu na ɔkaa ahodwirisɛm, a na ɔne Yesu rekasa nanso ɔka kyerɛɛ Onyankopɔn. Asɛm no biara mu no, Toma ansusuw sɛ na Yesu ne Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn, efisɛ na ɔne asomafo afoforo no nyinaa nim sɛ Yesu nkae da sɛ ɔne Onyankopɔn na mmom na wakyerɛkyerɛ wɔn sɛ Yehowa nkutoo ne “nokware Nyankopɔn koro no.”—Yohane 17:3.

Bio, nsɛm afoforo a ɛka ho no boa yɛn ma yɛte eyi ase. Nna kakra bi ansa na eyi rebɛba no, na Yesu aka akyerɛ Maria Magdalene sɛ ɔnka nkyerɛ asuafo no sɛ: “Merebɛkɔ ɔsoro, m’agya ne mo agya ne me Nyankopɔn ne mo Nyankopɔn nkyɛn.” (Yohane 20:17) Ɛwom sɛ na wɔanyan Yesu afi awufo mu dedaw sɛ honhom a ɔwɔ tumi de, nanso na Yehowa da so ara yɛ ne Nyankopɔn. Na Yesu kɔɔ so frɛɛ No saa wɔ Bible mu nhoma a etwa to no mu, bere a na wɔahyɛ no anuonyam akyi no mpo.—Adiyisɛm 1:5, 6; 3:2, 12.

Nkyekyem abiɛsa pɛ wɔ Toma mpaemuka no akyi, wɔ Yohane 20:31 no, Bible no ma asɛm no mu da hɔ bio denam eyi a ɛka no so: “Eyinom na wɔakyerɛw sɛ munnye nni sɛ Yesu ne Kristo no, Onyankopɔn ba,” ɛnyɛ sɛ ɔne Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn. Na ɛkyerɛ ‘Ɔba’ ankasa, sɛnea ɛte wɔ agya ne ɔba ankasa ho no, ɛnyɛ Baasakoro Nyamesu a ɛyɛ ahintasɛm bi fã.

Ɛsɛ sɛ Ɛne Bible no Hyia

WƆKYERƐ sɛ kyerɛw nsɛm afoforo pii boa Baasakoro no. Nanso eyinom ne nea yɛasusuw ho wɔ atifi hɔ no yɛ ade koro, sɛ wɔhwehwɛ mu yiye a, ɛmfa mmoa papa biara mma. Nea kyerɛw nsɛm a ɛtete saa no kyerɛ ara ne sɛ sɛ obi resusuw nea wɔka sɛ ɛboa Baasakoro no biara ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ obisa sɛ: So nkyerɛkyerɛmu no ne Bible mũ no nyinaa mu nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛde ma bere nyinaa no hyia—sɛ Yehowa Nyankopɔn nkutoo na ɔyɛ Opumpuni no? Sɛ ɛnte saa a, ɛnde na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ mfomso wɔ nkyerɛkyerɛmu no mu.

Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem nso sɛ “kyerɛw nsɛm a edi ho adanse” no mu biako mpo nni hɔ a ɛka sɛ Onyankopɔn, Yesu, ne honhom kronkron no yɛ biako wɔ Nyamesu a ɛyɛ ahintasɛm bi mu. Kyerɛwsɛm biako mpo nni Bible mu baabiara a ɛka sɛ baasa no nyinaa wɔ su, tumi, ne daa asetra koro. Bible no kɔ so da Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn, Yehowa, no adi sɛ ɔno nkutoo na ɔyɛ Opumpuni, sɛ Yesu yɛ ne Ba a ɔbɔɔ no, sɛ honhom kronkron no yɛ Onyankopɔn adeyɛ tumi.

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 24]

“Tetefo dii mfomso de [Yohane 10:30] dii dwuma de kyerɛe sɛ Kristo . . . ne Agya no wɔ su koro.”—Commentary on the Gospel According to John, a John Calvin yɛe

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 27]

Obi a ɔne ɔfoforo ‘wɔ hɔ’ no rentumi nyɛ onipa foforo no ara

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 28]

“Na Logos no fi soro, na ɔnyɛ ɔsoro Teasefo no ankasa.”—Joseph Henry Thayer, Bible ho nhomanimfo

[Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 24, 25]

Yesu bɔɔ Onyankopɔn mpae sɛ n’asuafo “nyɛ biako,” sɛnea ɔne n’Agya “yɛ biako” no

[Kratafa 26 mfonini]

Yesu kyerɛɛ Yudafo no sɛ ɔne Onyankopɔn nyɛ pɛ, na ɔkae sɛ n’ankasa ‘ntumi nyɛ hwee na mmom nea ohu sɛ Agya no yɛ na ɔyɛ’

[Kratafa 29 mfonini ahorow]

Esiane sɛ Bible no frɛ adesamma, abɔfo, Satan mpo “anyame” anaasɛ atumfoɔ nti, wobetumi afrɛ Yesu a ɔkorɔn a ɔwɔ soro no “onyame bi” ma afata