Nsã a Ɛkanyan Akɔnnɔ

13. (a) Ɔbɔfo ɔhoɔdenfo no twe adwene si sɛnea Babilon Kɛse no aguamammɔ atrɛw akɔ akyiri no so dɛn? (b) Ɔbrasɛe a na abu so wɔ tete Babilon bɛn na wohu wɔ Babilon Kɛse no nso ho?

¹³ Nea edi hɔ no, ɔbɔfo ɔhoɔdenfo no twe adwene si sɛnea Babilon Kɛse aguamammɔ atrɛw akɔ akyiri no so, na ɔka sɛ: “Esiane sɛ n’aguamammɔa nsa no kanyan akɔnnɔ nti, amanaman nyinaa anom bi, na asase so ahene ne no abɔ aguaman, na asase so aguadifo nam ne taamudi ahoɔden so anya wɔn ho.” (Adiyisɛm 18:3, New World Translation) Ɔde ne nyamesom akwan a ɛho ntew no akyerɛkyerɛ adesamma amanaman nyinaa mufo. Wɔ tete Babilon no, sɛnea Hela abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Herodotus kyerɛ no, na wɔhwehwɛ sɛ ababaa biara de ne baabunyɛ bɔ aguaman wɔ asɔrefi ɔsom mu. Ɛde besi nnɛ nyinaa no, wohu ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu afideyɛ ho mfonini wɔ ahoni a ɔko asɛe no wɔ Angkor Wat a ɛwɔ Kampuchea ne asɔredan ahorow a ɛwɔ Khajuraho, India no mu a ɛkyerɛ Hindu nyame Vishnu a wɔde ɔbarima ne ɔbea ntam ayɔnkofa mu nneyɛe ahorow a ɛyɛ aniwu atwa ne ho ahyia. Wɔ United States no, TV so asɛmpakafo ɔbrasɛe nneyɛe a ɛdaa adi wɔ 1987 mu, ne afei wɔ 1988 mu no, ne nyamesom asɔfo mu mmarima a wɔne wɔn ho da adeyɛ a atrɛw bebree no kyerɛ sɛ Kristoman mpo pene aguamammɔ ankasa nneyɛe a abu so a ɛyɛ ahodwiriw no so. Nanso aguamammɔ bi a anibere wom kyɛn so koraa aka amanaman nyinaa.

14-16. (a) Honhom mu nyamesom ne amammui ayɔnkofa a ennye bɛn na ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Fasist Italy? (b) Bere a Italy kɔtoaa Abyssinia no, nsɛm bɛn na Roman Katolek Asɔre no asɔfo mpanyin kekae?

¹⁴ Yɛadi kan asusuw nyamesom ne amammui ntam ayɔnkofa bɔne a ɛmaa Hitler dii tumi wɔ Nasi Germany no ho dedaw. Aman afoforo nso huu amane esiane nyamesom ho a ɛde hyehyɛ wiase nsɛm mu no nti. Sɛ nhwɛso no: Wɔ Fasist Italy wɔ February 11, 1929 mu no, Mussolini ne Ɔsɔfo panyin Gasparri de wɔn nsa hyɛɛ Lateran Apam no ase de maa Vatican Kurow bɛyɛɛ ɔman a ɛde ne ho. Paapa Pius XI kae sɛ “ɔde Italy asan ama Onyankopɔn, na ɔde Onyankopɔn asan ama Italy.” So ná ɛno yɛ nokware anaa? Susuw nea esii wɔ ɛno akyi mfirihyia asia no ho. Wɔ October 3, 1935 mu no, Italy kɔtoaa Abyssinia, kae sɛ ɛyɛ “ahamufo asase a ɛda so ara de nkurɔfo yɛ nkoa.” Nokwarem no, ná hena na ɔyɛ ɔhamuni? So Katolek Asɔre no kasa tiaa Mussolini ɔhamuni nneyɛe no? Na paapa no nsɛm mu nna hɔ yiye de nanso n’asɔfo mpanyin no hyiraa wɔn Italy “asase” no so asraafo adɔm no pefee. Wɔ nhoma The Vatican in the Age of the Dictators no mu no, Anthony Rhodes bɔ amanneɛ sɛ:

¹⁵ “Wɔ Asɔfo Krataa a Udine [Italy] Ɔsɔfo panyin no de kɔmaa asafo ahorow wɔ October da a ɛto so 19 [1935] mu no mu no, ɔkyerɛwee sɛ, ‘ɛnyɛ bere yi mu na ɛmfata nso sɛ yɛbɛkyerɛ nea ɛteɛ ne nea ɛnteɛ wɔ asɛm no mu. Yɛn adwuma sɛ Italiafo, na titiriw sɛ Kristofo ne sɛ yɛbɛboa ama yɛn akode no adi yiye.’ Padua Ɔsɔfo panyin no kyerɛwee October da a ɛto so 21 no sɛ, wɔ ‘mmere a emu yɛ den a yɛnam mu yi mu no, yɛsrɛ mo sɛ munnya yɛn aman mpanyimfo ne yɛn asraafo dɔm ahorow no mu gyidi.’ October da a ɛto so 24 no, Cremona Ɔsɔfo panyin no hyiraa asraafo akuw mfrankaa dodow bi so yɛɛ no kronkron na ɔkae sɛ: ‘Onyankopɔn nhyira mmra asraafo yi a Afrika asase so no, wobedi nsasebere afoforo so ama Italia opumpuni no, na wɔnam saayɛ so akyerɛ wɔn Romafo ne Kristofo amammerɛ. Ɛmmra sɛ Italia begyina hɔ bio sɛ Kristofo kyerɛkyerɛfo ama wiase nyinaa.”

¹⁶ Wɔde Roman Katolek asɔfo nhyira twiw faa Abyssinia so. So eyinom mu biara betumi aka wɔ ɔkwan bi so sɛ na wɔte sɛ ɔsomafo Paulo a wɔn “ho afi [nnipa] nyinaa mogya ho” anaa?—Asomafo no Nnwuma 20:26.

17. Ɔkwan bɛn so na Spain huu amane esiane sɛ n’asɔfo amfa wɔn ‘nkrante ammobɔ nsɔw’ nti?

¹⁷ Fa ɔman foforo a Babilon Kɛse aguamammɔ aka no no nso ka Germany, Italy ne Abyssinia ho—Spain. Amanko a ɛbaa saa asase no so wɔ 1936-39 mu no fã bi fi nea kwasafo nniso no yɛe ma ɛde abrɛ Roman Katolek Asɔre no tumi kɛse a ɛwɔ no ase no. Bere a ɔko no fii ase no, ɔman anidanfo dɔm no Fasist panyin a ɔyɛ Katolekni, Franco kaa n’ankasa ho asɛm sɛ “Mmeamudua Akodi Kronkron Kristoni Ɔsahene Panyin,” mmaran a akyiri yi ogyaa mu. Spaniafo ɔpehaha pii wuwui ɔko no mu. Eyi akyi, sɛnea akontaabu bi a emu nna hɔ yiye kyerɛ no, ná Franco Nationalistfo no akunkum kuw a wɔfrɛ no Popular Front no mufo 40,000, bere a eyinom nso akunkum asɔfo 8,000—nkokorafo, asɔfo, mmea asɔfo ne abɛɛfo. Eyinom yɛ ɔmanko mu ahude ne amanehunu, na ɛkyerɛ nyansa a ɛwɔ Yesu nsɛm yi a wobetie no mu: “Fa wo nkrante san hyɛ nea ɛhyɛ, na wɔn a wɔtwe nkrante nyinaa, nkrante ano na wobewu.” (Mateo 26:52) Hwɛ sɛnea ɛyɛ akyide sɛ Kristoman de ne ho hyɛ mogyahwiegu pii a ɛte saa mu! N’asɔfo antumi koraa sɛ ‘wɔde wɔn nkrante bɛbobɔ nsɔw’!—Yesaia 2:4.

[Kratafa 263 adaka]

“Ahene ne . . . no Abɔ Aguaman”

1800 mfe no mfiase mu hɔ pɛɛ no, na Europa aguadifo wiawia wɔn ho de opium (aduru a enya adwene so tumi) pii kɔ China. March 1839 mu no, China mpanyimfo gyee aduru no nnaka akɛse 20,000 fii Britania aguadifo nsam de bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛma sum ase aguadi yi agyae. Eyi de basabasayɛ baa Britaniafo ne Chinafo ntam. Bere a ayɔnkofa a ɛda aman abien no ntam no kɔɔ so sɛee no, Protestant asɛmpatrɛwfo bi hyɛɛ Britania nkuran sɛ wɔne wɔn nkɔko, kekaa nsɛm sɛnea edidi so yi:

“Hwɛ sɛnea nsɛnnennen yi ma me koma ani gye efisɛ misusuw sɛ ɛbɛhyɛ Engiresi aban no abufuw, na Onyankopɔn fi Ne tumi mu bebubu nea esiw Kristo asɛmpa no a ɛbɛkɔ China no kwan no mu.”—Henrietta Shuck, Southern Baptist ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo.

Awiei no, ɔko bae—ɔko a ɛnnɛ wɔfrɛ no sɛ Opium Ɔko. Asɛmpatrɛwfo fi wɔn koma nyinaa mu hyɛɛ Britania nkuran wɔ nsɛm te sɛ eyinom mu:

“Mede animia abu kɔmpɔ rehwɛ mprempren nsɛm tebea no, ɛnyɛ nnuru a etumi nya adwene so tumi anaasɛ Engiresifo ho asɛm ankasa na mmom ɛyɛ Onyankopɔn nhyehyɛe kɛse a ɔde brɛ onipa abɔnefosɛm ase na wadi Ne mmɔborohunu atirimpɔw ahorow ho dwuma wɔ China denam ne fasu a ɛde aka ne ho ahyem a wabubu no no so.”—Peter Parker, Congregationalfo ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo.

Congregationalfo ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo foforo, Samuel W. Williams, de kaa ho sɛ: “Ɛda adi pefee sɛ Onyankopɔn nsa wɔ nea akɔ so no nyinaa mu anwonwa kwan bi so, na yennye ho akyinnye sɛ Nea ɔkae sɛ ɔbae na ɔde nkrante aba asase so no aba ha na wabɛsɛe N’atamfo ntɛmntɛm na ɔde N’ankasa ahenni abesi hɔ. Ɔbɛdan ani na wadan ani kosi sɛ Ɔde Asomdwoe Hene no besi hɔ.”

Ɛdefa kum a ɛyɛ hu a wokunkum Chinafo no ho no, ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo J. Lewis Shuck kyerɛwee sɛ: “Mibu adeyɛ a ɛte saa . . . sɛ Awurade adwinnade tee a ɔde prapra nwura a esiw Ɔsoro Nokware nkɔso kwan no fi hɔ.”

Congregationalfo ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo Elijah C. Bridgman de kaa ho sɛ: “Mpɛn pii na Onyankopɔn de wiase tumi basa a ɛyɛ den adi dwuma de abɔ kwan ama N’ahenni . . . Ɔyɛmafo wɔ mmere titiriw yi mu no yɛ ɔdesani; ɔsoro tumi na ɛkyerɛ kwan. Amanaman nyinaa amrado a ɔkorɔn no de England adi dwuma na ɔde atwe China aso abrɛ no ase.”—Wɔfaa nsɛm no fii nhoma “Ends and Means,” 1974, asɛm bi a Stuart Creighton Miller kyerɛwee wɔ The Missionary Enterprise in China and America (Harvard Nhwehwɛmu bi a ne samufo ne John K. Fairbank).