Ngaba Isicombululo Kule Ngxaki Sikwangunobangela Wayo?

“Ukudelela nokudimaza amabanjwa kuyeyona ndlela imbi yokuxhobisela amabanjwa ukujamelana nehlabathi.”—ULUVO LOMHLELI LWETHE ATLANTA CONSTITUTION.

KWIIMEKO ezininzi iintolongo zisebenza njengesithintelo—sokwexeshana. Xa ibanjwa likhululwa, ngaba ngokwenene lisihlawule isigwebo salo?a Kuthekani ngamaxhoba okanye abathandekayo bawo? URita wathi xa umbulali wonyana wakhe owayeneminyaka eli-16 ubudala wakhululwayo emva kokuvalelwa iminyaka emithathu kuphela: “Ngumntwana wam lo ubuleweyo. Khanimeni. Khaniyicingisise le nto. Niyayiqonda kakuhle phofu?” Njengoko sinokubona kwimeko kaRita, kudla ngokusala amanxeba ithuba elide emva kokuba iinkundla ziwugqibile umsebenzi wazo nasemva kwethuba elide sipapashiwe isihelegu.

Lo mbandela uxhalabisa kungekuphela nje abo baye bachatshazelwa lulwaphulo-mthetho kodwa nabanye abantu. Ngapha koko, enoba amabanjwa aye aphuculwa okanye aqaqadekiswa kukuphoswa ngaphaya kwezitshixo kunento okuyenzayo kuxolo lwakho lwengqondo, kwanakukhuseleko lwakho.

Zizikolo Zezaphuli-mthetho

Inkqubo yeentolongo ayisoloko iluphelisa ulwaphulo-mthetho. UJill Smolowe, wathi kwiphephancwadi iTime: “Xa kuchithwa imali engakumbi ekwakheni esinye isisele kunokuba kwakhiwe ubuntu bebanjwa, loo nto idla ngokukhokelela kolungakumbi—nakolubi gqitha—ulwaphulo-mthetho.” UPeterb ochithe iminyaka eli-14 ngaphaya kwezitshixo uyavumelana noko. Uthi: “Uninzi lwamabanjwa endandikunye nawo aqala nje ngolwaphulo-mthetho olungephi, andula ke adlulela kulwaphulo-mthetho olubandakanya izinto zabantu, yaye ekugqibeleni adlulela kwizinto ezinkulu ezibandakanya amatyala anzulu nxamnye nabanye abantu. Kuwo, iintolongo zifana nezikolo zobugcisa. Aphuma sele ethe chatha ukuba nobungozi.”

Ngoxa iintolongo zinokususa izaphuli-mthetho ezitratweni kangangexesha elithile, kubonakala ukuba akukho nto ziyenzayo—tu kwaphela—ukuthothisa ulwaphulo-mthetho kangangethuba elide. Amakhwenkwe nabafana abahlala ezixekweni badla ngokukujonga ukuvalelwa njengokukhulela ebudodeni. Badla ngokuphela bezizaphuli-mthetho ezingooncanyelweni. ULarry ochithe ixesha elininzi lobomi bakhe ephuma engena entolongweni uthi: “Intolongo ayikwenzi umntu tu kwaphela. Abantu bayakwazi ukuphuma entolongweni baphindele kweza zinto babezenza.”

Lo ‘jikelele-ngqu’ usibonisa isizathu sokuba, ama-50 ekhulwini alo lonke ulwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu lwenziwe sisi-5 ekhulwini sezaphuli-mthetho, ngokutsho kolunye uhlolisiso lwaseUnited States. Iphephancwadi iTime ligqabaza ngelithi: “Xa amabanjwa engalichithi ngendlela eyiyo ixesha lawo, adla ngokuchitha ixesha efukame ingqumbo, singasathethi ke ngokuziphakulela kuvimba wamaqhinga okwaphula umthetho, . . . aza kubuya aye kuwasebenzisa esakukhululwa.”

Le meko ayipheleli nje eUnited States. UJohn Vatis, ongugqirha kwintolongo yomkhosi yaseGrisi, uthi: “Iintolongo zethu ziphuma phambili ekuveliseni abantu abasileyo, abanogonyamelo nabanengcwangu. Xa ekhululwa, amabanjwa amaninzi afuna ‘ukuziphindezelela’ kwibutho labantu.”

Indlela Oku Okulichaphazela Ngayo Ibutho Labantu

Le ngxaki isezintolongweni itya kuwe epokothweni. Ngokomzekelo, kuqikelelwa ukuba eUnited States, banjwa ngalinye lixabisa abantu abahlawula irhafu kangangee-R160 000 nyaka ngamnye. Amabanjwa angaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala asenokuxabisa imali eyiphinda kathathu leyo. Kumazwe amaninzi abantu abasayithembi inkqubo yoluleko ngenxa yezinye izizathu. Abantu baxhalatyiswe kukukhululwa kwezaphuli-mthetho ngaphambi kwexesha kwakunye nezo zingazifumaniyo izigwebo zentolongo ngenxa yokuthethelelwa ngamagqwetha anobuqili. Ngokuqhelekileyo amaxhoba akaziva ekhuselekile nxamnye nokuhlaselwa, yaye asenokungabi nazwi kangako kwezomthetho.

Uluntu Ngokubanzi Luya Luxhalaba

Uluntu ngokubanzi aluyithembi inkqubo yeentolongo ngenxa yeemeko ezingentle amabanjwa achanabeke kuzo, njengoko kuboniswe kwibhokisi ekweli nqaku. Amabanjwa aye aphathwa kakubi ngoxa esebenza izigwebo zawo akanakuze ancedwe. Kanti, amaqela amaninzi alwela amalungelo abantu axhalabile ngenxa yenkumbula yamalungu eentlanga ezijongelwe phantsi avalelwe ezintolongweni. Ayazibuza enoba oku kuzenzekele okanye kubangelwe ngumkhethe wobuhlanga kusini na.

Ingxelo yeAssociated Press yowe-1998 yathetha ngesikhalo sabo babevalelwe kwiNtolongo yaseHolmesburg, ePennsylvania, eUnited States, ababefuna imbuyiselo ngenxa yokuba besithi baye basetyenziswa njengezinto zokuqhuba ulingelo lwemichiza ngoxa babesentolongweni. Yaye kuthekani ngokubuya kwenkqubo yokubotshelelwa kwamabanjwa ngekhonkco elinye eUnited States? IAmnesty International inikela le ngxelo: “La mabanjwa abotshelelwe kunye adla ngokusebenza kangangeeyure ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-12 kwingqatsini yelanga, esithi qabu nje kancinane ukuze asele amanzi, ethabatha ikhefu nje elingangeyure. . . . Ekuphela kwendlu yangasese elinayo eli qela yinkonkxana nje esemva kweyasuyaswana lelaphu. La mabanjwa ayisebenzisa ngoxa ebotshelelwe kunye. Xa engakwazi ukuyifumana le nkonkxa, kuye kunyanzeleke achophe phambi kwabantu.” Kambe ke, asizizo zonke iintolongo ezenza ngolo hlobo. Noko ke, impatho-mbi enjalo ikhupha ubuntu kumabanjwa nakwabo bayenzayo.

Ngaba Uluntu Ngokubanzi Luyangenelwa?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, uninzi lwebutho labantu luziva lukhuselekile xa izaphuli-mthetho zingaphaya kwezitshixo. Abanye abantu bathanda iintolongo ngezizathu ezahlukileyo. Xa intolongo ekwidolophana yaseOstreliya iCooma yayiza kuvalwa, abantu bagwayimba. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba loo ntolongo yayiqesha abantu abatsala nzima ngokwezoqoqosho.

Kutshanje abanye oorhulumente baye bathengisa iintolongo zabo kwiinkampani ezizimeleyo njengendlela yokunciphisa iindleko. Ngelishwa, amabanjwa angakumbi nezigwebo ezide zisetyenziselwa ushishino. Ngenxa yoko, okusesikweni kunokuphazanyiswa lushishino.

Kuyo yonke le nto, nanku umbuzo ophambili: Ngaba iintolongo ziyaziphucula izaphuli-mthetho? Nangona impendulo ingaginyeki, kuya kukumangalisa ukufumanisa ukuba ezinye ziye zancedwa ukuba zitshintshe. Makhe sibone ukuba kwenzeke njani oko.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 6, 7]

Makhe Siphose Iliso Ngaphaya Kwezitshixo

UKUXINANA: Iintolongo zaseBritani zinengxaki embi yokuxinana, yaye loo nto ayothusi! Elo lizwe libambe indawo yesibini ngokuba namabanjwa amaninzi kuyo yonke iNtshona Yurophu, linamabanjwa ali-125 kubemi abali-100 000. EBrazil, eyona ntolongo inkulu yaseSão Paulo yenzelwe ukuthwala amabanjwa angama-500. Kunoko ithwala angama-6 000. ERashiya, izisele ezifanele zithwale amabanjwa angama-28 zithwala amabanjwa amalunga nama-90 ne-110. Ingxaki imbi kangangokuba amabanjwa ayatshintshana ukulala. Kwelinye ilizwe laseAsia, amabanjwa ali-13 okanye ali-14 anyakathiswa kwisisele esizizikwemitha ezi-3. Kanti, eNtshona Ostreliya, ngenxa yokungabikho kwendawo amagosa aye asebenzisa izinto zokuthutha impahla ukuze kufakwe amabanjwa.

UGONYAMELO: Iphephancwadi leendaba laseJamani iDer Spiegel linikela ingxelo yokuba kwiintolongo zaseJamani amabanjwa anengcwangu ayabulala aze angcungcuthekise ngenxa “yeemfazwe zamaqela akhuphisana ngoshishino olungekho mthethweni lotywala neziyobisi, isini nokubolekisa ngemali enenzala eninzi.” Ubuhlanga budla ngokubasela ugonyamelo olwenzeka ezintolongweni. IDer Spiegel ithi: “Kukho amabanjwa aphuma kwizizwe ezingama-72. Aluphepheki ungquzulwano nemilo ekhokelela kugonyamelo.” Kwenye intolongo yaseMzantsi Merika, amagosa athi ubuncinane, kwabulawa amabanjwa ali-12 nyanga nganye. IFinancial Times yaseLondon yanikela ingxelo yokuba, amabanjwa athi elo nani lingaphezulu ngokuphindwe kabini.”

UKUXHATSHAZWA NGOKWESINI: Inqaku elithi “Isisongelo Sokudlwengulwa Ngaphaya Kwezitshixo,” leThe New York Times libonisa ukuba kuhlolisiso kuthiwa eUnited States, “angaphezu kwama-290 000 amadoda axhatshazwa ngokwesini nyaka ngamnye ngaphaya kwezitshixo.” Le ngxelo iqhubeka isithi: “La mava abuhlungu kangaka ogonyamelo olungokwesini adla ngokungenzeki kube kanye, adla ngokuba yinto yemihla ngemihla.” Enye intlangano iqikelela ukuba kwiintolongo zaseUnited States, izenzo ezingokwesini ezingafunwayo ezimalunga nama-60 000 zenzeka mihla le.

IMPILO NOCOCEKO: Kukho ubungqina bokuba izifo ezidluliselwa ngeentlobano zesini zininzi kwabo bavalelwe ezintolongweni. Isifo sephepha phakathi kwamabanjwa aseRashiya nakwamanye amazwe aseAfrika singundaba-mlonyeni ehlabathini lonke, njengokunganikelwa konyango lwezamayeza, ucoceko nokutya okunesondlo kwiintolongo ezininzi ehlabathini lonke.

[Umfanekiso]

Intolongo exineneyo eSão Paulo, eBrazil

[Inkcazelo]

AP Photo/Dario Lopez-Mills

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Intolongo enqatyisiweyo yaseLa Santé eParis, eFransi

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AP Photo/Francois Mori

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Amabhinqa avalelwe entolongweni eManagua, eNicaragua

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AP Photo/Javier Galeano