Unelungelo Lokwenza Ukhetho

Indlela eqwalaselwa ngayo ngoku imeko yezonyango (ebizwa ngokuthi luhlolisiso lweengozi nolweengenelo) yenza kube lula ngakumbi ngoogqirha nabaguli ukuba basebenzisane ekuphepheni unyango ngegazi. Oogqirha bahlolisisa oothunywashe abanjengeengozi zesiyobisi okanye utyando oluthile nezinto ezinokuba luncedo. Nabaguli banokuba nenxaxheba kuhlolisiso olunjalo.

Masisebenzise omnye umzekelo abantu kwiindawo ezininzi abanokubhekisela kuwo—ukudumba iindimla. Ukuba ubunale ngxaki, ngokunokwenzeka ubuya kuya kugqirha. Enyanisweni, usenokuya koogqirha ababini, ekubeni iingcaphephe zempilo zidla ngokuncomela ukufumana uluvo olulolunye. Omnye ugqirha usenokuncomela utyando. Ukuxelela okuthethwa koko: ubungakanani bexesha oza kulihlala esibhedlele, iintlungu ezibandakanyekileyo neendleko. Mayela neengozi, uthi akuqhelekanga ukuba wophe kakhulu ibe nokufa kunqabile kutyando olunjalo. Kodwa ugqirha onikela uluvo olulolunye ukubongoza ukuba uzame unyango lokusetyenziswa komxube obulala iintsholongwane. Ukuchazela uhlobo lwesiyobisi esithile, impumelelo yaso enokubakho neendleko. Mayela neengozi, uthi bambalwa gqitha abaguli abaye baneentshukumo ezisongela ubomi kwesi siyobisi.

Ugqirha ngamnye owaziyo umsebenzi wakhe kunokwenzeka ukuba wahlolisisa iingozi neengenelo, kodwa ngoku wena kufuneka uhlolisise iingozi neengenelo ezinokufumaneka, kwanabanye oothunywashe obazi kakuhle. (Ukwesona simo sifanelekileyo sokuqwalasela iinkalo ezinjengamandla akho eemvakalelo okanye okomoya, imali yentsapho, umphumo oya kubangelwa koku entsatsheni nemigaqo elawulayo ophila ngayo.) Wandula ke wenze isigqibo. Kunokwenzeka ukuba wamkela uhlobo oluthile lonyango uze olunye ungalwamkeli ukuqonda okubandakanyekileyo.

Oku bekuya kuba njalo kwanokuba ibingumntwana wakho odumbe iindimla. Beniya kuzixelelwa kakuhle iingozi, iingenelo neentlobo zonyango, ekubeni ingabazali abanothando abachaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo nabaya kuba nembopheleleko yokujamelana nemiphumo. Emva kokuqwalasela zonke iinkalo, ninokwenza ukhetho nikuqonda okubandakanyekileyo kulo mbandela ubandakanya impilo yomntwana wenu kwanobomi bakhe. Mhlawumbi namkela utyando, neengozi zalo. Abanye abazali basenokukhetha ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza abulala iintsholongwane, neengozi zawo. Njengoko oogqirha benikela amacebiso angafaniyo, ngoko abaguli okanye abazali bayahluka ngokoko bavakalelwa kukuba kukokona kulungileyo. Leyo yinkalo eqondakalayo yokwenza ukhetho ukuqonda okubandakanyekileyo (usazi iingozi neengenelo).

Kuthekani ngokusetyenziswa kwegazi? Akukho namnye othi ahlolisise izibakala ngokungakhethi cala lithile onokulikhanyela elokuba utofelo-gazi lukukuzimbela ingcwaba uhleli. UGqr. Charles Huggins, ongumalathisi kwinkonzo yotofelo-gazi kwiSibhedlele Sikarhulumente eMassachusetts, wakwenza kwacaca oku esithi: “Igazi alizange nakancinane laba lelikhuseleke ngakumbi. Kodwa limele ligqalwe njengelingakhuselekanga nje kwaphela. Liyeyona nto iyingozi siyisebenzisayo kwezonyango.”—IThe Boston Globe Magazine, kaFebruwari 4, 1990.

Ngesizathu esivakalayo, abasebenzi kwezamayeza baye bacetyiswa oku: “Kuyimfuneko ukuzihlolisisa kwakhona iingozi zolwalamano lweengozi neengenelo zotofelo-gazi nokufuna iindlela ezizezinye.” (Akekeliswe sithi.)—IPerioperative Red Cell Transfusion, kwiNkomfa yeNational Institutes of Health, ngoJuni 27-29, 1988.

Oogqirha basenokungavisisani ngeengenelo okanye iingozi ekusebenziseni igazi. Omnye usenokutofela igazi kubaguli abaninzi aze eyiseke kukuba beluyimfuneko phezu kwazo nje iingozi ezithile. Omnye usenokuba noluvo lokuba ezi ngozi azithetheleleki, kuba uye wanemiphumo emihle ngotyando olungelolwagazi. Noko ke, ekugqibeleni nguwe, wena mguli okanye mzali, omele enze isigqibo. Kutheni inguwe nje? Kungenxa yokuba kubandakanyeke umzimba wakho (okanye womntwana wakho), ubomi, imigaqo ekulawulayo kwaneyona nto ibaluleke gqitha, ulwalamano lwakho noThixo.

ILUNGELO ONALO LIYAZIWA

Kwiindawo ezininzi namhlanje, umguli unelungelo elingenakwaphulwa lokugqiba enoba luluphi na unyango aya kulwamkela. “Umthetho wokuvuma ukuqonda okubandakanyekileyo kutyando uye wasekelwa kwiinkalo ezimbini: eyokuqala, kukuba umguli unelungelo lokufumana inkcazelo eyaneleyo ukuze enze ukhetho ekuqonda okubandakanyekileyo ngonyango olunconyelwayo; ibe eyesibini, kukuba umguli usenokukhetha ukulwamkela okanye ukulugatya uncomelo lukagqirha. . . . Ngaphandle kokuba abaguli bagqalwa njengabanelungelo lokuthi hayi, nelokuthi ewe, kwanokuthi ewe ngenxa yeemeko ezithile, inkululeko yokusebenzisa [umthetho] wokuqonda okubandakanyekileyo kwinkqubo yotyando iphelela emoyeni.”—I-Informed Consent—Legal Theory and Clinical Practice, yowe-1987.a

Bambi abaguli baye bahlangabezana nenkcaso xa bebezama ukusebenzisa ilungelo labo. Isenokuba le nkcaso ibibangelwa ngumhlobo oneemvakalelo ezinamandla ngotyando lweendimla okanye ukusetyenziswa komxube obulala iintsholongwane. Okanye ugqirha usenokuba weyisekile kukuba icebiso lakhe lilungile. Igosa lasesibhedlele lisenokude lingavumi, ngenxa yezilangazelelo ezingokomthetho okanye ezingokwemali.

UGqr. Carl L. Nelson uthi, “Iingcaphephe ezininzi zezifo zamathambo zikhetha ukungabatyandi abaguli [abangamaNgqina].” “Yinkolelo yethu ukuba umguli unelungelo lokungalwamkeli naluphi na uhlobo oluthile lonyango. Ukuba ngokusengqiqweni kunokwenzeka ukwenza utyando ngokukhuselekileyo ngoxa kuyekwa olunye uhlobo lonyango, njengotofelo-gazi, ngoko lufanele lusetyenziswe njengoluvo olulolunye.”—IThe Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, kaMatshi 1986.

Umguli onolwazelelelo akayi kumnyanzela ugqirha ukuba asebenzise unyango angenabuchule ngalo. Noko ke, njengoko uGqr. Nelson watshoyo, oogqirha abaninzi abazimiseleyo banokuzihlonela iinkolelo zomguli. Igosa elithile laseJamani lacebisa oku: “Ugqirha akanakukwala ukunikela uncedo . . . eqiqa ngelokuba kwiNgqina likaYehova akanakusebenzisa zonke ezinye iindlela zonyango anokuzisebenzisa. Usenembopheleleko yokunikela uncedo kwanokuba iindlela anokuzisebenzisa zilinganiselwe.” (IDer Frauenarzt, kaMeyi-Juni 1983) Ngokufanayo, izibhedlele azenzelwanga nje ukuba zingenise imali kodwa zenzelwe ukukhonza bonke abantu ngaphandle komkhethe. Umfundisi wezakwalizwi ongumKatolika uRichard J. Devine uthi: “Nangona isibhedlele simele senze onke amanye amalinge ezonyango ukulondoloza impilo yomguli, simele siqinisekise ukuba unyango olunikelwayo alungqubani nesazela [sakhe]. Ngaphezu koko, simele siphephe zonke iintlobo zokunyanzelisa, njengokukhohlisa umguli nokufuna umyalelo wenkundla ukuze kunyanzeliswe utofelo-gazi.”—IHealth Progress, kaJuni 1989.

KUNOKUYA EZINKUNDLENI

Inkoliso yabantu iyavuma ukuba inkundla asiyondawo yokuzinzisa iimbambano zobuqu kwizinto zonyango. Ubuya kuvakalelwa njani ukuba ubukhethe unyango lokusetyenziswa komxube wokubulala iintsholongwane kodwa uthile aye enkundleni ukuze anyanzelise utyando lweendimla kuwe? Ugqirha usenokufuna ukunikela oko acinga ukuba lolona nyango lulungileyo, kodwa akungomsebenzi wakhe ukufuna isiqinisekiso somthetho ukuze akucinezele kumalungelo akho asisiseko. Ibe ekubeni iBhayibhile ikubeka ukusebenzisa igazi kumlinganiselo ofanayo nofanelekileyo njengokuphepha uhenyuzo, ukunyanzelisa igazi kumKristu bekuya kufana nokunyanzelisa isini—ukudlwengula.—IZenzo 15:28, 29.

Ukanti, i-Informed Consent for Blood Transfusion (yowe-1989) inikela ingxelo yokuba ezinye iinkundla ziphazamiseka gqitha xa umguli ekuvuma ukwamkela ingozi ethile ngenxa yamalungelo akhe angokonqulo “kangangokuba ziyila iimeko ezithile ezahlukileyo nezingokomthetho—iintsomi ezingokomthetho, ukuba uthanda ukuzibiza njalo—ukuze zivumele utofelo-gazi lwenziwe.” Zisenokuzama ukukungxengxezela oku ngokuthi kubandakanyeke ukumitha okanye ngokuthi kukho abantwana ekufuneka benyanyekelwe. Le ncwadi ithi, “Ezo ziintsomi ezingokomthetho. Abantu abakhulileyo nababhadlileyo banelungelo lokulwala unyango.”

Bambi abakhuthaza utofelo-gazi basibetha ngoyaba isibakala sokuba amaNgqina awagatyi zonke iintlobo zonyango. Awamkeli nje uhlobo olunye lonyango, olo kwaneengcaphephe zithi luzaliswe yingozi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ingxaki yezonyango inokulungiswa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Le inoluhlobo lwengozi, enye inolunye uhlobo. Ngaba inkundla okanye ugqirha unokwazi ukuba yiyiphi na ingozi “kunokuba wena ubunokwenjenjalo”? Nguwe onokukwazi oko. AmaNgqina kaYehova ema eqinile kwelokuba awafuni nabani na ongomnye ukuba awenzele isigqibo; yimbopheleleko yawo yobuqu phambi koThixo.

Ukuba inkundla inyanzelise unyango olucekisayo wena, oku kusenokusichaphazela njani isazela sakho nothunywashe obalulekileyo wokunqwenela kwakho ukuphila? UGqr. Konrad Drebinger wabhala oku: “Ngokuqinisekileyo bekuya kuba luhlobo oluphosakeleyo lwebhongo lwezonyango obeluya kukhokelela ubani ukuba anyanzelise umguli ukwamkela unyango oluchaziweyo, esenza okuphikisana nesazela sakhe, ukuze nje amnyange emzimbeni kodwa ephazamisa kanobom iimvakalelo zakhe.”—IDer Praktische Arzt, kaJulayi 1978.

INYAMEKO ENOTHANDO NGABANTWANA

Amatyala asenkundleni ngokuphathelele igazi ubukhulu becala abandakanya abantwana. Ngesinye isihlandlo, xa bazali abanothando beye ngentlonelo bacela ukuba kusetyenziswe utyando olungelolwagazi, bambi abasebenzi bezamayeza baye bafuna inkundla ixhase ukutofela kwabo igazi. Kambe ke, amaKristu ayavumelana nemithetho okanye inyathelo lenkundla lokuthintela ukuphathwa kakubi komntwana okanye ukungakhathalelwa kwakhe. Mhlawumbi uye wafunda ngeemeko ezithile apho umzali othile aye waphatha ngqwabalala umntwana okanye akamnyamekela ngazo zonke iindlela zonyango. Ntlekele yakwabani! Ngokucacileyo, uRhulumente unokungenelela ibe ufanele angenelele ukuze akhusele umntwana ongakhathalelwanga. Sekunjalo, kulula ukubona indlela okwahluke gqitha ngayo oku xa umzali onenyameko ecela uhlobo lonyango olungelolwagazi nolukumgangatho ophakamileyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo la matyala enkundla ajoliswe kumntwana osesibhedlele. Umntwana lowo waya njani apho, ibe kwakutheni? Phantse ngawo onke amaxesha ngabazali abanenkxalabo abamzisayo umntwana wabo ukuze afumane unyango olusemgangathweni. Kwanjengokuba uYesu wayenomdla ebantwaneni, abazali abangamaKristu bayabanyamekela abantwana babo. IBhayibhile ithetha ‘ngendlezana ebunguzelela iintsana zayo.’ AmaNgqina kaYehova anothando olunzulu ngolo hlobo ngabantwana babo.—1 Tesalonika 2:7, TE; Mateyu 7:11; 19:13-15.

Kungokwemvelo ukuba, bonke abazali benze izigqibo ezichaphazela ukukhuseleka nobomi babantwana babo: Ngaba intsapho iya kusebenzisa igesi okanye iparafini ukufudumeza ikhaya? Ngaba baya kuhamba naye umntwana uhambo olude? Ngaba angaya kuqubha? Imibandela enjalo ibandakanya iingozi, kwaneengozi ezithetha ukufa nokuphila. Kodwa ibutho labantu liyabuqonda ubulumko babazali, ngoko abazali ngabona banegalelo phantse kuzo zonke izigqibo ezichaphazela abantwana babo.

Ngowe-1979 iNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States ngokucacileyo yathi: “Imbono yomthetho ngentsapho isekelwe kwingcamango yokuba abazali banoko umntwana angenako ekukhuleni ngolwazi, ngamava nangamandla okwenza ukhetho okuyimfuneko ekwenzeni izigqibo ezinzima zobomi. . . . Isibakala sokuba nje isigqibo somzali [kumcimbi wezonyango] sibandakanya iingozi asithi ngokuzenzekelayo silisuse igunya lokwenza isigqibo kumzali size silinike iziko elithile okanye igosa laseburhulumenteni.”—KwiParham v. J.R.

Kwangalo nyaka mnye iNkundla Yezibheno yaseNew York yathi: “Oyena thunywashe ubalulekileyo ekugqibeni enoba umntwana ubandezwa unyango oluyimfuneko . . . ukukuba abazali baye balunikela kusini na unyango lwamayeza olwamkelekayo emntwaneni wabo ekukhanyeni kwazo zonke iimeko ezibandakanyekileyo. Olu phando alunakusekelwa kwizibakala zokuba umzali uye wenza isigqibo ‘esisiso’ okanye ‘esiphosakeleyo’ kusini na, kuba imeko ekhoyo ngoku yezonyango, phezu kwayo nje inkqubela enkulu yayo, kunqabile ukuba ivumele izigqibo eziqiniseke ngolo hlobo. Nenkundla ayinakuthabatha indima yokuba ngumzali wesibini.”—Kwi-In re Hofbauer.

Khumbula umzekelo wabazali abakhetha phakathi kotyando neyeza lokutshabalisa iintsholongwane. Hlobo ngalunye lonyango beluya kuba neengozi zalo. Abazali abanothando banembopheleleko yokuhlolisisa ezo ngozi, iingenelo nabanye oothunywashe baze ke benze ukhetho. Mayela noku, uGqr. Jon Samuels (kwiAnesthesiology News, kaOktobha 1989) wacebisa ukuba kuhlolisiswe iGuides to the Judge in Medical Orders Affecting Children, eyathabatha oku kuma:

“Ulwazi kwezonyango alwenzanga nkqubela yaneleyo ukuba lunganceda ugqirha axele kwangaphambili ngokuqiniseka okukhulu ukuba umguli wakhe uya kuphila okanye uya kufa . . . Ukuba kukho iinkqubo emakukhethwe kuzo—ngokomzekelo, ukuba ugqirha uncomela inkqubo enamathuba okuphumelela alingana nama-80 ekhulwini kodwa iyileyo abazali abangakholiswayo yiyo, yaye abazali bengayichasanga inkqubo enamathuba okuphumelela elingana nama-40 ekhulwini—ugqirha umele athabathe ikhondo elinokuba yingozi engakumbi ngokwezamayeza kodwa elingachaswanga ngabazali.”

Ngenxa yeengozi ezininzi ezibulalayo ekusetyenzisweni kwegazi kwezonyango eziye zabalasela nangenxa yokuba kukho iindlela ezizezinye ezinempumelelo zokwenza utyando, ngaba ukuphepha igazi akunakuba nomlinganiselo omncinane weengozi?

Kungokwemvelo ukuba amaKristu ehlolisisa oothunywashe abaninzi ukuba umntwana wawo kufuneka atyandwe. Zonke iintlobo zotyando, kusetyenziswa igazi okanye lingasetyenziswa, zinengozi. Nguwuphi ugqirha wotyando onokunikela iziqinisekiso? Abazali basenokwazi ukuba oogqirha abanobuchule baye baphumelela kakuhle ekutyandeni ngaphandle kwegazi abantwana bamaNgqina. Ngoko kwanokuba ugqirha okanye igosa lasesibhedlele livakalelwa ngenye indlela, kunokuqalisa idabi lasemthethweni elinxunguphalisayo nelidla ixesha, ngaba akukho ngqiqweni ngabo ukusebenzisana nabazali abanothando? Okanye abazali basenokumsa kwesinye isibhedlele umntwana wabo apho abasebenzi banamava okusingatha iimeko ezinjalo ibe bekuvuma ukwenjenjalo. Enyanisweni, utyando ngaphandle kwegazi ngokunokwenzeka luya kuba lunyango olusemgangathweni, kuba lunokuyinceda intsapho “ifikelele usukelo olululo kwezamayeza nolunye olungenakuthanani nezinto zamayeza,” njengoko siphawulile ngaphambilana.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 18]

UKUPHELISA INKXALABO YOMTHETHO

Usenokuzibuza oku, ‘Kutheni bambi oogqirha nezibhedlele bekhawuleza ukufuna umyalelo wenkundla wokutofela igazi?’ Kwezinye iindawo isizathu esiqhelekileyo sikukoyika ukubekek’ ityala.

Akukho sizathu sankxalabo injalo xa amaNgqina kaYehova ekhethe unyango olungelolwagazi. Ugqirha othile kwiKholeji Yonyango yeAlbert Einstein (eUnited States) ubhala oku: “Awona [maNgqina] maninzi ayeyityobela ngokulula ifomu eAmerican Medical Association ekhulula oogqirha nezibhedlele ekubeni zingabekek’ ityala, ibe amaninzi aphatha [iqweqwe] elithi Medical Alert. Ifomu etyobelwe ngokufanelekileyo nebhalwe umhla ethi ‘iSalelo Sokwamkela Iimveliso Zegazi’ isisivumelwano esifanelekileyo ibe iyabopha ngokomthetho.”—IAnesthesiology News, kaOktobha 1989.

Ngentsebenziswano amaNgqina kaYehova anikela isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni sokuba ugqirha okanye isibhedlele asiyi kubekek’ ityala ngokunikela unyango olucelwayo olungelolwagazi. Njengoko kunconyelwa ziingcali zezonyango, Ngqina ngalinye liphatha iqweqwe lalo eliphawulwe ngokuthi Medical Document. Eli qweqwe liyahlaziywa nyaka ngamnye ibe lityobelwa ngumntu nangamangqina, adla ngokuba zizalamane zakhe.

NgoMatshi 1990, INkundla Ephakamileyo yaseOntario, eKhanada, yaphakamisa isigqibo esasithetha kakuhle ngeli qweqwe: “Eli qweqwe lisisaziso esibhaliweyo sokuma okufanelekileyo lowo uliphetheyo asenokukuthabatha ngokomthetho ukumisela isalelo esibhaliweyo kwisivumelwano esenziwa nogqirha.” KwiMedicinsk Etik (yowe-1985), uNjingalwazi Daniel Andersen wabhala oku: “Ukuba kukho isaziso esicacileyo nesibhaliweyo somguli esithi ungomnye wamaNgqina kaYehova ibe akafuni gazi naphantsi kwaziphi na iimeko, ukuhlonela inkululeko yomguli kufuna ukuba esi sicelo sihlonelwe, njengokungathi besivakaliswe ngomlomo.”

AmaNgqina akwatyobela neefomu zemvume zasesibhedlele. Enye ifomu esetyenziswa kwisibhedlele saseFreiburg, eJamani, inendawo apho ugqirha anokuchaza inkcazelo ayinike umguli mayela nonyango. Ngoko, ngasentla kweendawo ezisayinwe ngugqirha nomguli, le fomu yongezelela oku: “Njengelungu lequmrhu lonqulo lamaNgqina kaYehova, andikwamkeli kwaphela ukusetyenziswa kwegazi lomnye umntu okanye iinxalenye zegazi ebudeni bokutyandwa kwam. Ndiyaqonda ukuba inkqubo ecetyiweyo neyimfuneko inokuthi ngaloo ndlela ibe yingozi ngakumbi ngenxa yeengxaki zokopha. Emva kokufumana inkcazelo ecokisekileyo ngokukodwa ngokuphathelele oko, ndicela ukuba utyando oluyimfuneko lwenziwe ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwegazi lomnye umntu okanye iinxalenye zegazi.”—IHerz Kreislauf, ka-Agasti 1987.

Enyanisweni, ukungasetyenziswa kwegazi kwezonyango kusenokuba nomlinganiselo omncinane wengozi. Kodwa ingongoma apha ikukuba abaguli abangamaNgqina bayakuvuyela ukuphelisa nayiphi na inkxalabo engeyomfuneko ukuze abasebenzi bezonyango babe nokuqhubeka besenza oko balathelwe ukukwenza, ukunceda abantu ukuba baphile. Bonke bayangenelwa ngale ntsebenziswano, njengoko uGqr. Angelos A. Kambouris wakubonisayo kwethi “Utyando Olubalulekileyo Lwesisu KumaNgqina KaYehova”:

“Isivumelwano saphambi kotyando sifanele sigqalwe njengesibophayo ngugqirha ibe ufanele anamathele kuso enoba kuvela ziphi na izinto ebudeni okanye emva kotyando. [Oku] kubangela umguli asabele kakuhle kunyango lotyando, ibe kuyayishenxisa ingqalelo kagqirha ekuqwalaseleni izinto ezingokomthetho nezobulumko bakhe aze aqwalasele ezo zotyando nezobugcisa, ngaloo ndlela, oku kumvumela ukuba asebenze enethemba aze anyamekele izilangazelelelo zomguli kangangoko anako.”—IThe American Surgeon, kaJuni 1987.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 19]

“Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kobugcisa bezonyango kunguthunywashe omkhulu ekunyukeni kweendleko zokunyamekela impilo ezikhoyo. . . . Utofelo-gazi lunegalelo elikhulu ngokukhethekileyo ngenxa yeendleko zalo nokuba yingozi gqitha kwalo. Ngokuvisisana noku, iBhunga Elibambiseneyo Ngokugunyaziswa Kwezibhedlele eMerika laluchaza utofelo-gazi ‘njengolwelo olunezinto ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo njengokudlala ngengozi nanjengento engagqibelelanga konke konke.’”—I-“Transfusion,” kaJulayi-Agasti 1989.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 20]

EUnited States: “Imfuneko esisiseko yokuvuma komguli yingcamango eyamkelekileyo yenkululeko yomntu ngamnye, yokuba izigqibo ezimayela nelishwa elinokwehlela ubani zifanele zenziwe ngusingaye. Isizathu esifanelekileyo sokufuna imvume sikukuba inyathelo lonyango elithatyathwe ngaphandle kwemvume yomguli lithetha ukuhlasela kokudlwengula.”—I-“Informed Consent for Blood Transfusion” yowe-1989.

EJamani: “Ilungelo lomguli lokuzenzela isigqibo linamandla ngakumbi kunomgaqo wokunikela uncedo nokusindisa ubomi. Ngenxa yoko: akukho tofelo-gazi lufanele lwenziwe xa umguli esithi hayi.”—I-“Herz Kreislauf,” ka-Agasti 1987.

EJapan: “Akukho ‘mmiselo’ kwicandelo lezamayeza. Oogqirha bakholelwa kwelokuba amayeza asetyenziswa namhla ngawona alungileyo ibe balandela oko, kodwa abafanele banyanzelise zonke iinkcukacha zonyango ngokungathi lo ‘ngummiselo’ kubaguli. Kwanabaguli bamele babe nenkululeko yokuzikhethela.”—I-“Minami Nihon Shimbun,” kaJuni 28, 1985.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 21]

“Ndifumanise ukuba iintsapho [zamaNgqina kaYehova] zimanyene ibe zinothando,” unikela loo ngxelo uGqr. Lawrence S. Frankel. “Abantwana bayafundiswa, banyanyekelwe ibe banentlonelo. . . . Kude kubonakale kukho imvisiswano enkulu ngakumbi kwimiqathango yezonyango, ekusenokude kufuneke ukuba ngenxa yayo kwenziwe umgudu wokubonisa ukwamkeleka kokungenelela kwizinto zonyango ukusa kumlinganiselo iinkolelo zawo eziwuvumelayo.”—Isebe Labantwana, kwiSibhedlele IM. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, eHouston, eUnited States, ngowe-1985.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 22]

UGqr. James L. Fletcher, Omnci., uthi, ‘‘Ndinoloyiko lokuba akunto ingaqhelekanga ukuba ukuba nguntamo-lukhuni kukagqirha kubangele ukutyeshelwa kogwebo oluhle kwezonyango. Iintlobo zonyango ezigqalwa ‘njengezona zilungileyo namhlanje’ ziyaguqulwa okanye ziyekwe ngosuku olulandelayo. Yiyiphi eyona nto iyingozi ngakumbi, kukho ‘umzali ohlonela unqulo’ okanye ugqirha onenkani noweyisekileyo kukuba uhlobo lonyango aza kulusebenzisa lubaluleke gqitha?”—I-“Pediatrics,” kaOktobha 1988.