Incwadi YeBhayibhile 42—Luka

Umbhali: NguLuka

Indawo Eyabhalelwa Kuyo: EKesareya

Ukugqitywa Kokubhalwa Kwayo: Malunga nowama-56–58 C.E.

Ixesha Eligutyungelweyo: Ngowesi-3 B.C.E.–33 C.E.

 1. ULuka wabhala uhlobo olunjani lwencwadi yeVangeli?

INCWADI yeVangeli kaLuka yabhalwa yindoda eyayiphaphile engqondweni neyayinentliziyo elungileyo, yaye ezi mpawu zintle zihambelanayo, ndawonye nokhokelo lomoya kaThixo, ziye zaphumela kwingxelo echanileyo enik’ ihlombe nechukumisayo. Kwiindinyana zokuqala, uthi, “Kwabonakala kulungile nakum, ndizilandile nje ngokucokisekileyo zonke, ndizekela kwasentloko, ukuba ndikubhalele ngokucacileyo.” Incwadi yakhe eneenkcukacha nebhalwe ngobuchule ikungqinela ngokupheleleyo oku.—Luka 1:3.

 2, 3. Bubuphi ubungqina obuvela kwimithombo yangaphandle nobukule ncwadi yeVangeli obalatha ukuba yabhalwa ngugqirha uLuka?

² Nangona igama likaLuka lingaveli naphi na kule ngxelo, ababhali bamandulo bayavumelana ukuba yabhalwa nguye. IMuratorian Fragment (yamalunga nowe-170 C.E.) ithi le ncwadi yeVangeli yabhalwa nguLuka yaye yamkelwa njengenjalo ngababhali benkulungwane yesibini abanjengoIrenaeus noClement wakwa-Alesandire. Kwakhona ubungqina obungaphakathi kuyo balatha ngamandla kwelokuba nguLuka owayibhalayo. UPawulos uthetha ngaye kweyabaseKolose 4:14 (NW) ‘njengoLuka, ugqirha oyintanda,’ yaye ingxelo yakhe ikudidi lwabaphengululi nto leyo ebiya kulindelwa kwindoda efundileyo, enjengogqirha. Ukhetho lwakhe lwentetho entle nesigama sakhe esininzi, ngaphezu kuneso sababhali abathathu beencwadi zeVangeli bedibene, kumenze wakwazi ukuyibhala ngocoselelo olukhulu nangokweenkcukacha ingxelo yakhe ebalulekileyo. Ingxelo yakhe engonyana wolahleko igqalwa ngabanye njengelona bali libalaseleyo lifutshane lakhe labhalwa.

³ ULuka usebenzisa amabinzana okanye amagama ezonyango angaphezu kwama-300 athi kuwo anikele inkcazelo engonyango, magama lawo angasetyenziswanga ngohlobo olufanayo (ukuba asetyenzisiwe kwaukusetyenziswa) ngabanye ababhali beZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike.a Ngokomzekelo, xa ethetha ngeqhenqa, uLuka akasoloko esebenzisa igama elinye njengabanye. Kubo iqhenqa liqhenqa qwaba ke, kodwa kugqirha, kukho imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yeqhenqa, njengaxa uLuka ethetha “ngendoda ezele liqhenqa.” Uthi, uLazaro ‘wayezele zizilonda.’ Akukho wumbi umbhali wencwadi yeVangeli othi umkhwekazi kaPetros wayephethwe “yicesina enkulu.” (5:12; 16:20; 4:38) Nangona abanye abathathu besixelela ngokusika kukaPetros indlebe yesicaka sombingeleli omkhulu, nguLuka kuphela okhankanya ukuba uYesu wasiphilisa. (22:51) Kulindeleke kugqirha kuphela ukuthetha ngomfazi ‘obenomoya wobulwelwe iminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo; yaye egobile, engenako kanye ukuziphakamisa.’ Yaye ngubani omnye ngaphandle ‘koLuka ugqirha oyintanda’ owayenokunikela ingxelo eneenkcukacha ezilolu hlobo ngoncedo lokuqala olwanikelwa yindoda engumSamariya ‘owawabophayo amanxeba ayo, ewagalela ioli newayini’?—13:11; 10:34.

 4. Kunokwenzeka ukuba incwadi kaLuka yabhalwa nini, yaye ziziphi iimeko ezixhasa le mbono?

⁴ ULuka wayibhala nini le ncwadi yakhe yeVangeli? IZenzo 1:1 zibonisa ukuba umbhali weZenzo (owayekwanguLuka) ngaphambili wayebhale “eyokuqala imbali,” incwadi yeVangeli. Kunokwenzeka ukuba iZenzo zagqitywa malunga nowama-61 C.E. ngoxa uLuka wayeseRoma ekunye noPawulos, owayelindele ukuchotshelwa kwesibheno sakhe nguKesare. Ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba uLuka wayibhala le ngxelo yeVangeli eseKesareya malunga nowama-56-58 C.E., emva kokubuya kwakhe noPawulos besuka kwelaseFilipi ekupheleni kohambo lwesithathu lukaPawulos lobuvangeli basemazweni yaye ngoxa uPawulos wayelinde iminyaka emibini entolongweni eKesareya ngaphambi kokuba asiwe eRoma ukuze kuchotshelwe isibheno sakhe. Ekubeni uLuka wayelapho ePalestina, ngeli xesha wayenethuba elihle ‘lokuzilanda ngokucokisekileyo kwasentloko zonke izinto’ eziphathelele ubomi nobulungiseleli bukaYesu. Ngaloo ndlela, kubonakala ukuba ingxelo kaLuka yayandulela incwadi yeVangeli kaMarko.

 5. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uLuka ‘wazilanda ngokucokisekileyo’ kweyiphi imithombo iziganeko ezingobomi bukaYesu?

⁵ Kambe ke, uLuka akazange abe lingqina lokuzibonela lazo zonke iziganeko azibhale kwincwadi yakhe yeVangeli, ekubeni wayengenguye omnye wabali-12 yaye kunokwenzeka ukuba akazange abe likholwa de kwasemva kokufa kukaYesu. Noko ke, wayenxulumene ngokusondeleyo noPawulos kwintsimi yobuvangeli basemazweni. (2 Tim. 4:11; Filem. 24) Ngoko, njengoko kunokulindelwa, umbhalo wakhe ububungqina bempembelelo kaPawulos, njengoko kunokubonwa ngokuthelekisa iingxelo zabo ezimbini zeSidlo seNkosi Sangokuhlwa, kuLuka 22:19, 20 nakweyoku-1 kwabaseKorinte 11:23-25. Njengomnye umthombo wenkcazelo, uLuka wayesenokubhekisela nakwincwadi yeVangeli kaMateyu. ‘Ekuzilandeni ngokucokisekileyo zonke izinto,’ wayenokukwazi ukuthi ngokwakhe adlan’ indlebe namangqina amaninzi awazibonayo iziganeko ezingobomi bukaYesu, njengabafundi bakhe ababesaphila mhlawumbi nonina kaYesu, uMariya. Sinokuqiniseka ukuba wacokisa ekuhlanganiseni iinkcukacha ezinokuthenjwa.

 6. Ungakanani umbandela obhalwe nguLuka yedwa kwincwadi yakhe yeVangeli, yaye wayibhalela bani? Kutheni uphendula ngolo hlobo nje?

⁶ Xa uhlolisisa iingxelo zeeVangeli ezine liyacaca elokuba ababhali abasuki nje baphinde amabali omnye, bengabhaleli kuphela nje ukuvelisa amangqina awahlukahlukeneyo ngale ngxelo yeBhayibhile iyeyona ibalulekileyo. Ingxelo kaLuka ibhalwe ngendlela nje eyodwa. Iyonke, ngama-59 ekhulwini encwadi yakhe yeVangeli eyingxelo ebhalwe nguye yedwa. Ubuncinane unikela ingxelo ngemimangaliso ekhethekileyo emithandathu nemizekeliso eliphindaphinda ngaphezu kwesibini elo nani engakhankanywanga kwezinye iingxelo zeVangeli, kwinxalenye engaphantsi kwesiqingatha kwiVangeli yakhe ebalisa ngoxa kwengaphezu kwesiqingatha ecaphula amazwi awathethwayo; incwadi yakhe yeVangeli yeyona inde kwezine. UMateyu ngokuyintloko wabhalela amaYuda, yaye uMarko ebhalela abafundi abangengomaYuda, ingakumbi amaRoma. Incwadi yeVangeli kaLuka yayibhalelwe ‘uTiyofilo odume kunene’ yaye ukusuka kuye ukuya kwabanye abantu, amaYuda kwanabangemaYuda. (Luka 1:3, 4) Ekunikeleni ingxelo yakhe ngendlela eya kuba nomtsalane kubo bonke, ulanda umnombo wokuzalwa kukaYesu ukufikelela ‘kuAdam, unyana kaThixo,’ yaye kungekuphela nje ukusa kuAbraham, njengokuba wenjenjalo uMateyu ngoxa ebhalela ngokukhethekileyo amaYuda. Ngokukhethekileyo unikela ingqalelo kumazwi esiprofeto kaSimon okuba uYesu wayeya kuba ‘sisikhanyiso seentlanga,’ yaye uxela ukuba “bonke abantu baya kulubona usindiso lukaThixo.”—3:38; 2:29-32; 3:6.

 7. Yintoni enikela ubungqina obubambekayo bokunyanisa kwencwadi yeVangeli kaLuka?

⁷ Kuyo yonke incwadi yakhe, uLuka uzingqina engumbalisi obalaseleyo, ingxelo yakhe ilungelelaniswe kakuhle yaye ichanile. Ezi mpawu zokuchana nokuthembeka kwencwadi kaLuka zibubungqina obomeleleyo bokunyanisa kwayo. Umbhali wezasemthethweni wakhe wathi: “Ngoxa imicimbi engothando, iintsomi nobungqina bobuxoki ekuye ngobuchule kuthiwe ezo zinto zenzeke kwiindawo ezithile ezikude nangamaxesha athile angaziwayo, ngaloo ndlela zisaphula imithetho yethu ephambili esithi njengamagqwetha sifunde ukuzithethelela kakuhle ukuba ‘inkcazelo imele ibe nexesha nendawo,’ iziganeko ezibaliswa eBhayibhileni zisinika ixesha nendawo yezinto ekuthethwa ngazo ngokuchana okupheleleyo.”b Engqina oku wacaphula uLuka 3:1, 2 othi: “Ke kaloku, ngomnyaka weshumi elinantlanu wokulawula kukaTibheriyo Kesare, inguPontiyo Pilato irhuluneli kwelakwaYuda, inguHerode umphathi wesahlulo sesine esilelaseGalili, inguFilipu ke umzalwana wakhe umphathi wesahlulo sesine esilelaseYitureya nelizwe leTrakoniti, inguLisaniyo umphathi wesahlulo sesine esilelaseAbhilene, ngexa lababingeleli abakhulu ooAnas noKayafa, lafika ilizwi likaThixo kuYohane, unyana kaZekariya, entlango.” Akukho kungaqiniseki apha ngexesha okanye indawo, kodwa uLuka uwabiza ngamagama amagosa aseburhulumenteni angekho ngaphantsi kwesixhenxe ukuze amisele ixesha ukuqalisa kobulungiseleli bukaYohane nobukaYesu.

 8. ULuka ulibonisa njani “ngokucokisekileyo” ixesha lokuzalwa kukaYesu?

⁸ Kwakhona uLuka usinika iziganeko ezibini zokumisela ixesha lokuzalwa kukaYesu xa, kuLuka 2:1, 2 esithi: “Ke kaloku kwathi ngaloo mihla, kwaphuma ummiselo kuKesare Awugusto othi, malibhalwe encwadini yomlibo wokuzalwa lonke elimiweyo. Olo lubhalo lwaba lolokuqala, akubon’ ukuba uKireniyo uyirhuluneli yeSiriya.” Eli yayilixesha laxa uYosefu noMariya baya eBhetelehem ukuya kubhalisa, yaye uYesu wazalwa ngoxa babelapho.c Simele sivumelane nombalisi othi: “Le yenye yezona nkcazelo zicokisekileyo kwingxelo kaLuka engokwembali ayidlulisela kuzo ngokuchane ngokupheleleyo ingcamango.”d Simele silivume njengeliyinyaniso ibango likaLuka lokuba ‘wayezilande ngokucokisekileyo izinto zonke ezekela kwasentloko.’

 9. Sisiphi isiprofeto sikaYesu, esichazwe nguLuka, esaba nenzaliseko ephawulekayo ngowama-70 C.E.?

⁹ Kwakhona uLuka ubalaselisa indlela iziprofeto zeZibhalo zesiHebhere ezazaliseka ngokuchane ngayo kuYesu Kristu. Ucaphula amazwi kaYesu aphefumlelweyo abubungqina ngokuphathelele oku. (24:27, 44) Ukongezelela, unikela ingxelo echanileyo engeziprofeto zikaYesu eziphathelele iziganeko zexesha elizayo, yaye ezininzi zazo sele zizaliseke ngokuphawulekayo ngokweenkcukacha zazo zonke ezaxelwa kwangaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, iYerusalem yayibiyelwe ngezibonda ezitsolo yaza yatshatyalaliswa kwintlekele eyoyikekayo yowama-70 C.E., kanye njengokuba uYesu wayekuxele kwangaphambili oko. (Luka 19:43, 44; 21:20-24; Mat. 24:2) Umbhali-mbali wezasemthethweni uFlavius Josephus, owayelingqina lokuzibonela ekumkhosi wamaRoma, uyangqina ukuba kumgama ongangeekhilomitha ezili-16 wommandla wasemaphandleni imithi yayigawulwe yonke ukuze kufunyanwe izibonda, yaye udonga lokungqinga lwaluziikhilomitha ezisisi-7,2 ubude, ukuba abafazi nabantwana abaninzi bafa ngenxa yendlala, yaye amaYuda angaphezu kwe-1 000 000 afa yaye angama-97 000 athinjwa. Ukuza kuthi ga kule mihla, iArch of Titus eRoma isabonisa ungcelele loloyiso lwamaRoma ephethe izinto awayezithimbe kwitempile yaseYerusalem ngethuba lemfazwe.e Sinokuqiniseka ukuba nezinye iziprofeto eziphefumlelweyo ezibhalwe nguLuka ngokufanayo ziya kuzaliseka ngokuchanileyo.

OKUQULETHWE YEKALUKA

10. Wayezimisele ukwenza ntoni uLuka?

¹⁰ Intshayelelo kaLuka (1:1-4). ULuka uthi uzilandile zonke izinto ngokucokisekileyo eqalela ekuqaleni ibe uye wagqiba ukuba azibhale ngokulandelelana kwazo ukuze ‘uTiyofilo odume kunene ayazi kakuhle ingqinisekiso’ yezi zinto.—1:3, 4.

11. Ziziphi iziganeko ezivuyisayo ezichazwe kwisahluko sokuqala sikaLuka?

¹¹ Iminyaka yokuqala yobomi bukaYesu (1:5– 2:52). Isithunywa sezulu sibonakala kumbingeleli uZekariya owalupheleyo sineendaba zovuyo zokuba uza kuba nonyana amele amthiye ngokuba nguYohane. Kodwa de le nkwenkwe izalwe, uZekariya akasayi kukwazi ukuthetha. Njengokuba kwakuthenjisiwe, umfazi wakhe, uElizabhete, uyakhulelwa, nangona naye wayesele “ekhulile.” Malunga neenyanga ezintandathu kamva, isithunywa sezulu uGabriyeli sibonakala kuMariya size simxelele ukuba uza kukhulelwa ‘ngamandla Osenyangweni’ aze azale unyana oza kubizwa ngokuba nguYesu. UMariya utyelela uElizabhete aze, emva kokubulisa ngovuyo, ngelizwi eliphakamileyo avakalise athi: “Umphefumlo wam uyenza nkulu iNkosi [“uYehova,” NW], nomoya wam ugcobile ngoThixo uMsindisi wam.” Uthetha ngegama elingcwele likaYehova nangenceba yakhe egqithiseleyo kwabo bamoyikayo. Ekuzalweni kukaYohane, ulwimi lukaZekariya luyakhululeka ukuze naye avakalise inceba kaThixo nokuba uYohane uza kuba ngumprofeti oya kuyilungisa indlela kaYehova.—1:7, 35, 46, 47.

12. Yintoni ethethiweyo ngokuphathelele ukuzalwa kukaYesu nexesha lobuntwana bakhe?

¹² Ngexesha elifanelekileyo, uYesu uzalelwa eBhetelehem, yaye isithunywa sezulu sivakalisa ezi “ndaba zilungileyo zovuyo” kubalusi ababelinde imihlambi yabo ebusuku. Uyaluswa ngokoMthetho, kuze emva koko, xa abazali bakaYesu ‘bemmisa phambi kukaYehova’ etempileni, uSimon osele aluphele nomprofetikazi onguAna bathethe ngokuphathelele lo mntwana. Ebuyele eNazarete, ‘uyakhula yaye uya esomelela, ezaliswa nabubulumko nobabalo lukaThixo luhlala luphezu kwakhe.’ (2:10, 22, 40) Xa eneminyaka eli-12 ubudala, etyelele eYerusalem esuka eNazarete, uYesu umangalisa abafundisi ngolwazi lwakhe neempendulo zakhe.

13. UYohane ushumayela ntoni, yaye yintoni eyenzekayo ngexesha lokubhaptizwa kukaYesu nangokukhawuleza emva koko?

¹³ Ukulungiselela ubulungiseleli (3:1–4:13). Ngomnyaka we-15 wokulawula kukaTibheriyo Kesare, amazwi kaThixo afika kuYohane unyana kaZekariya, yaye ‘uvakalisa ubhaptizo lwenguquko ukuze kuxolelwe izono,’ ukuze yonke inyama ‘ikubone ukusindisa kukaThixo.’ (3:3, 6) Xa bonke abantu bebhaptiziwe eYordan, noYesu uyabhaptizwa, yaye njengoko ethandaza, kuhla umoya oyingcwele phezu kwakhe, yaye uYise uvakalisa amazwi avela ezulwini abonisa ukukholiswa kwakhe koku. Ngoku uYesu Kristu uneminyaka emalunga nama-30 ubudala. (ULuka usinika ingxelo yomnombo wokuzalwa wakhe.) Emva kokubhaptizwa kwakhe, umoya umkhokelela uYesu ukuba ahambahambe entlango kangangeentsuku ezingama-40. Apha uMtyholi uyamlinga angaphumeleli aze emva koko ‘asuke kuye umzuzwana.’—4:13.

14. UYesu ulucacisa phi uthumo lwakhe, luyintoni, yaye basabela njani abo bamphulaphuleyo?

¹⁴ Ubulungiseleli basekuqaleni bukaYesu, ubukhulu becala kwelaseGalili (4:14–9:62). Kwindlu yesikhungu kwidolophu yakowabo iNazarete, uYesu ucacisa uthumo lwakhe, efunda aze abhekisele kuye isiprofeto sikaIsaya 61:1, 2 esithi: “UMoya weNkosi [“uYehova,” NW] uphezu kwam, ethe ngenxa yoko yandithambisela ukushumayela iindaba ezilungileyo kumahlwempu. Indithume ukuba ndiphilise abantliziyo ityumkileyo, ndivakalise inkululeko kubathinjwa, nokubuyiselwa kokubona kwabaziimfama, ndindulule abaqobekileyo bekhululekile, ndivakalise umnyaka owamkelekileyo weNkosi [“uYehova,” NW].” (4:18, 19) Uvuyo abantu ababenalo ekuqaleni olubangelwa ngamazwi akhe luguquka lube ngumsindo njengoko eqhubeka nentetho yakhe, yaye bazama ukumbulala. Ngoko wehlela eKapernahum, apho aphilisa khona abantu abaninzi. Izihlwele ziyamlandela zize zizame ukumthintela ukuba angahambi, kodwa uzixelela oku: “Ndimelwe kukuba ndizishumayele iindaba ezilungileyo zobukumkani bukaThixo nakweminye imizi, ngokuba ndithunywe oko.” (4:43) Uyahamba aye kushumayela nakwizindlu zesikhungu zelakwaYuda.

15. Chaza ubizo lukaPetros, lukaYakobi nolukaYohane ndawonye nolo lukaMateyu.

¹⁵ EGalili, uYesu wenza ummangaliso obangela ukuba uSimon (okwabizwa ngokuba nguPetros), uYakobi noYohane babambise iintlanzi. Uxelela uSimon oku: “Uya kuthabathela kweli xesha ubambisa abantu.” Ngoko bayeka yonke into baze bamlandele. UYesu uyaqhubeka ekuthandazeni nasekufundiseni yaye ‘amandla kaYehova asoloko ekho ukuze aphilise.’ (5:10, 17) Ubiza uLevi (uMateyu), umbuthi werhafu othiyiweyo, obeka uYesu ezimbekweni ngokumenzela isidlo esikhulu, ekwakukho kuso “iqela elikhulu lababuthi berhafu.” (5:29) Oku kuphumela kwisihlandlo sokuqala kweziliqela zongquzulwano lwabaFarisi ezibashiya bejwaqeka ngumsindo yaye besenza iyelenqe lokumenzakalisa.

16. (a) UYesu ubanyula emva kokuba kwenzeke ntoni abapostile abali-12? (b) Ziziphi iingongoma ezibalaseliswa nguLuka xa enikela inkcazelo ngentshumayelo efanayo neNtshumayelo yaseNtabeni?

¹⁶ Emva kokuthandaza kuThixo ubusuku bonke, uYesu unyula abapostile abali-12 phakathi kwabafundi bakhe. Emva koko wenza imisebenzi engakumbi yokuphilisa. Wandula ke anikele intshumayelo ebhalwe kuLuka 6:20-49, efanayo ngemo emfutshane neNtshumayelo yaseNtabeni kaMateyu isahluko 5 ukuya kwesesi-7. UYesu wenza olu thelekiso: “Ninoyolo, nina mahlwempu; ngokuba bobenu ubukumkani bukaThixo. Kodwa yeha, nina zityebi! ngokuba niyifincile intuthuzelo yenu.” (6:20, 24) Uyala abo bamphulaphuleyo ukuba bazithande iintshaba zabo, babe nenceba, babe ngabaphayo, baze bavelise okulungileyo ngokobuncwane obulungileyo bentliziyo.

17. (a)Yiyiphi imimangaliso uYesu ayenzayo emva koku? (b) UYesu ubaphendula njani abathunywa bakaYohane uMbhaptizi ngokuphathelele enoba uYesu unguMesiya?

¹⁷ Akuba ebuyele eKapernahum, uYesu ucelwa ngumthetheli-khulu ukuba aphilise umkhonzi wakhe ogulayo. Uziva engafanelekanga ukuba angenise uYesu phantsi kophahla lwakhe yaye ucela uYesu ukuba ‘athethe ngelizwi’ ekuloo ndawo akuyo. Ngokwelizwi lakhe, lo mkhonzi uyaphiliswa, yaye uYesu ushukunyiselwa ukuba athi: “Ndithi kuni, andifumananga lukholo lungaka nakwaSirayeli.” (7:7, 9) Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, uYesu uvusa umntu ofileyo, ekuphela konyana womhlolokazi waseNayin, awathi ‘wasikwa yimfesane ngenxa yakhe.’ (7:13) Njengoko iindaba ezingoYesu zinwenwa ukuya kufikelela kwelakwaYuda, uYohane uMbhaptizi esentolongweni uthumela ukuba kubuzwe kuye kuthiwe, “Wena ungulowo uzayo na?” Ekuphenduleni uYesu uxelela abathunywa esithi: “Hambani niye kumbikela uYohane izinto enizibonileyo nenizivileyo; okokuba iimfama zibuya zibone, iziqhwala ziyahamba, abaneqhenqa bayahlanjululwa, izithulu ziyeva, abafileyo bayavuswa, amahlwempu ayazishunyayezwa iindaba ezilungileyo. Unoyolo othe akakhutyekiswa ndim.”—7:19, 22, 23.

18. Yiyiphi imizekeliso, imisebenzi namazwi esiluleko asetyenziswayo ngoxa kuqhutyekwa nomsebenzi wokushumayela uBukumkani?

¹⁸ Ephelekwa ngabali-12, uYesu uhamba “imizi ngemizi, nemizana ngemizana, ezivakalisa ezishumayela iindaba ezilungileyo zobukumkani bukaThixo.” Wenza umzekeliso womhlwayeli, yaye uyiqukumbela ingxubusho yakhe ngokuthi: “Lumkani ngoko ukuva eniva ngako; kuba osukuba enako, uya kunikwa; nosukuba engenako, uya kuhluthwa noko ngathi unako.” (8:1, 18) UYesu uqhubeka esenza imisebenzi yamandla nemimangaliso. Ukwanika abali-12 igunya phezu kweedemon namandla okuphilisa izifo aze abathume ukuba ‘babushumayele ubukumkani bukaThixo baze baphilise.’ Abangamawaka amahlanu bondliwa ngommangaliso. UYesu wenziwa kumila kumbi entabeni yaye kusuku olulandelayo uphilisa inkwenkwe eneedemon abaye boyisakala ukuyiphilisa abafundi bakhe. Ulumkisa abo bafuna ukumlandela esithi: “Iimpungutye zinemingxuma, neentaka zezulu zineendawo zokuhlala; ke yena uNyana woMntu akanayo nendawo angalalisa kuyo intloko yakhe.” Ukuze afanelekele uBukumkani bukaThixo, umntu umele asibeke isandla sakhe epuluweni aze angajongi ngasemva.—9:2, 58.

19. UYesu uluzekelisa njani uthando lokwenene ngommelwane?

¹⁹ Ubulungiseleli bukaYesu bamva kwelakwaYuda (10:1–13:21). UYesu undulula abanye abangama-70 ukuya “kuvuna,” yaye bazaliswe luvuyo ngenxa yempumelelo kubulungiseleli babo. Njengokuba eshumayela, indoda ethile, efuna ukuzingqina ililungisa, ibuza uYesu isithi: “Ngubani na ongummelwane wam?” Ephendula, uYesu wenza umzekeliso womSamariya olungileyo. Indoda ethile, ilele ecaleni kwendlela emva kokubethwa zizihange yade yangathi iza kufa, umbingeleli odlulayo nomLevi bayacezela. NgumSamariya ocekiswayo omayo, othi anyamekele amanxeba ayo, ayifunqule aze ayibeke eqegwini lakhe, ayise kwindlu yabahambi, aze ayihlawulele ukuba yongiwe apho. Ewe, “ngulowo wamenzela inceba” oye wazenza ummelwane.—10:2, 29, 37.

20. (a) Yiyiphi ingongoma uYesu ayiphuhlisayo ngoMarta noMariya? (b) Ugxininisa njani emthandazweni?

²⁰ Endlwini kaMarta, ngobulali uYesu uyamkhalimela ngokuzixhalabisa ngokugqithiseleyo ngemisetyenzana yakhe yasekhaya, aze amncome uMariya ngokukhetha esona sabelo sifanelekileyo, ukuhlala phantsi aze aphulaphule ilizwi lakhe. Ufundisa abafundi bakhe umthandazo ongumzekelo kwanemfuneko yokuzingisa emthandazweni, ngokuthi: “Celani nophiwa; funani, nofumana.” Kamva ukhupha iidemon aze abavakalise benoyolo “abo balivayo ilizwi likaThixo baligcine.” Ngoxa esesidlweni ungquzulana nabaFarisi ngoMthetho aze avakalise ooyeha phezu kwabo ngokusisusa “isitshixo sokwazi.”—11:9, 28, 52.

21. Sisiphi isilumkiso uYesu asinikelayo ngokuchasene nokubawa, yaye yintoni abongoza abafundi bakhe ukuba bayenze?

²¹ Njengoko kwakhona enezihlwele, omnye kubo ubongoza uYesu esithi: “Yitsho kumzalwana wam, ahlulelane nam ilifa.” UYesu uqalisa kanye kwisizekabani sale ngxaki ngokuphendula athi: “Lumkani, nizilinde ngasekubaweni; ngokuba ubomi bomntu abumi ngabuninzi bempahla yakhe.” Wandula ke enze umzekeliso wendoda esisityebi ebadilizayo oovimba bayo ukuze yakhe abakhudlwana, suke yafa ngobo busuku bunye ishiya ubutyebi bayo kwabanye. Ngokufutshane uYesu uphuhlisa le ngongoma: “Unjalo lowo uziqwebela ubutyebi, engenabutyebi kuThixo.” Emva kokubongoza abafundi bakhe ukuba bafune kuqala uBukumkani bukaThixo, uYesu ubaxelela oku: “Musani ukoyika, mhlambi mncinane; ngokuba kukholekile kuYihlo ukuninika ubukumkani.” Ukuphilisa kwakhe ngeSabatha umfazi obegula iminyaka eli-18 kukhokelela kungquzulwano olungakumbi nabo bamchasayo, abathi bahlaziswe.—12:13, 15, 21, 32.

22. Yiyiphi imizekeliso engqalileyo uYesu afundisa ngayo ngokuphathelele uBukumkani?

²² Ubulungiseleli bukaYesu bamva, ubukhulu becala ePereya (13:22–19:27). UYesu usebenzisa imizekeliso yobuchule ekwalathiseni abo bamphulaphuleyo eBukumkanini bukaThixo. Ubonisa ukuba abo bafuna ukubaluleka nozuko baya kuthotywa. Lowo wenza isidlo makameme amahlwempu, angenakukwazi ukumbuyekeza; uya kuba noyolo aze ‘abuyekezwe eluvukweni lwamalungisa.’ Emva koku, wenza umzekeliso wendoda eyenza isidlo sangokuhlwa esikhulu. Omnye emva komnye kwabo bamenyiweyo uyazingxengxezela: Omnye uthenge intsimi, omnye uthenge iinkomo zedyokhwe, yaye omnye usandul’ ukutshata. Ecaphukile umninimzi uthumela ukuba kungeniswe “amahlwempu nezilima neziqhwala neemfama,” aze avakalise ukuba akukho namnye wabo bokuqala bebemenyiwe oya “kusiva” nakancinane isidlo sakhe. (14:14, 21, 24) Wenza umzekeliso wemvu elahlekileyo efunyenweyo, esithi, “Ndithi kuni, ngokukwanjalo kuya kubakho uvuyo emazulwini ngomoni eba mnye oguqukayo, kunamashumi asithoba anesithoba amalungisa, angaswele nguquko.” (15:7) Umzekeliso womfazi otshayela indlu yakhe ekhangela idrarhima enye ukhanyisa ingongoma efanayo.f

23. Yintoni ezekeliswayo ngengxelo yonyana wolahleko?

²³ Wandula ke uYesu abalise ngonyana wolahleko owafuna kuyise isabelo sempahla yakhe waza emva koko wayichitha “ngentlalo yokuzibhubhisa.” Akuba eswele, lo nyana wabuyela ezingqondweni waza wabuyela ekhaya elindele ukwenzelwa inceba nguyise. Uyise, esikwe yimfesane, “wagidima, wawa entanyeni yakhe.” Wanikwa iimpahla ezintle, kwaza kwalungiswa isidlo esikhulu baza “baqala ke ukuba nemihlali.” Kodwa umkhuluwa wakhe wakhalaza. Ngobubele uyise wamlungisa esithi: “Mntwana wam, wena uhleli unam, nazo zonke izinto zam zezakho. Besimelwe kukuthi senze imihlali ke, sivuye; ngokuba umninawa wakho lo ubefile, wabuya waphila; ubelahlekile, wafunyanwa.”—15:13, 20, 24, 31, 32.

24. Ziziphi iinyaniso uYesu agxininisa kuzo kumzekeliso wendoda esisityebi noLazaro kwakunye nowomFarisi nombuthi werhafu?

²⁴ Bakuva umzekeliso womkhonzi ongalunganga, abaFarisi abathanda imali bayayinyevulela imfundiso kaYesu, kodwa uthi kubo: “Nina ningabazigwebelayo emehlweni abantu; kodwa uThixo uyazazi iintliziyo zenu; ngokuba oko kuphakanyisiweyo phakathi kwabantu, kulisikizi emehlweni kaThixo.” (16:15) Ngomzekeliso wendoda esisityebi noLazaro, ubonisa indlela omkhulu ngayo umsantsa obekwe phakathi kwabo bamkelwayo nabo bangamkelwayo nguThixo. UYesu ulumkisa abafundi bakhe ukuba kuya kubakho izikhubekiso, kodwa “yeha ke, loo mntu ziza ngaye!” Uthetha ngobunzima obuza kubakho “ngemini atyhileka ngayo uNyana woMntu.” Uthi kubo: “Khumbulani umkaLote.” (17:1, 30, 32) Ngomzekeliso, uqinisekisa ukuba uThixo uya kwenza okuthile ngenxa yabo “bakhala kuye imini nobusuku.” (18:7) Wandula ke, ngomnye umzekeliso, aluleke abo bazigqala bengamalungisa: UmFarisi ethandaza etempileni, ubulela uThixo kuba engafani nabanye abantu. Umbuthi werhafu, emi kude yaye engathandi nokuphakamisela amehlo akhe ezulwini, uthandaza esithi: “Thixo, yiba netarhu kum, mna moni.” UYesu ukugweba njani oku? Umvakalisa umbuthi werhafu elilungisa ngaphezu komFarisi, “ngokuba wonke umntu oziphakamisayo uya kuthotywa; nozithobayo ke uya kuphakanyiswa.” (18:13, 14) UYesu wamkelwa ngezandla ezishushu eYeriko ngumbuthi werhafu uZakeyu aze enze umzekeliso weemina ezilishumi, ethelekisa umphumo wabo bathembekileyo ngokusebenzisa impahla abayiphathisiweyo nowabo bayifihlayo.

25. UYesu ungenelela njani kwinqanaba lokugqibela lobulungiseleli bakhe, yaye ziziphi izilumkiso ezibuprofeti azinikelayo?

²⁵ Ithuba lokugqibela lobulungiseleli basesidlangalaleni eYerusalem nakwimimandla eyingqongileyo (19:28–23:25). Njengoko uYesu ekhwele e-esileni engena eYerusalem ize indimbane yabafundi imzukise njengalowo ‘unguKumkani ozayo egameni likaYehova,’ abaFarisi beza kuye baze bathi makakhalimele abafundi bakhe. UYesu uphendula esithi: “Kungathi kuthe cwaka aba, kunkqangaze amatye la.” (19:38, 40) Uprofeta ngokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem nto leyo engenakulibaleka esithi iya kungqingwa ngezibonda ezibaziweyo, ibandezelwe, ize ikhahlelwe phantsi nabantwana bayo yaye akusayi kushiywa litye phezu kwelinye. UYesu ufundisa abantu etempileni, evakalisa iindaba ezilungileyo yaye ephendula imibuzo echuliweyo yababingeleli abakhulu, yababhali neyabaSadusi ngemizekeliso nangeengxoxo zobulumko. UYesu wenza umfanekiso ocacileyo womqondiso omkhulu wexesha lesiphelo, kwakhona ekhankanya ukungqingwa kweYerusalem yimikhosi egxumeke iintente. Abantu baya kutyhwatyhwa luloyiko lwezinto eziza kwenzeka, kodwa xa ezi zinto zisenzeka, abalandeli bakhe bafanele ‘basuke beme baziphakamise iintloko zabo, ngokuba iyasondela inkululeko yabo.’ Bafanele bahlale bephaphile ukuze bakwazi ukukusaba oko kuza kwenzeka.—21:28.

26. (a) Yiyiphi iminqophiso uYesu ayenzayo, yaye uyinxulumanisa nantoni? (b) UYesu womelezwa njani ngoxa ejamelene novavanyo, yaye yintoni ayikhalimelayo ngexesha lokubanjwa kwakhe?

²⁶ Ngoku nguNisan 14, 33 C.E. UYesu wenza iPasika aze emva koko abenzele “umnqophiso omtsha” abapostile bakhe abathembekileyo, ekunxulumanisa oku nesidlo sokomfuziselo ebayalela ukuba bahlale besenza ukwenzela ukumkhumbula. Kwakhona ubaxelela oku: “Nam ndinimisela ubukumkani, njengokuba uBawo endimisele mna.” (22:20, 29) Kwangobo busuku bunye, njengokuba uYesu ethandaza kwiNtaba yemiNquma, ‘kubonakala isithunywa sezulu esivela emazulwini size kumomeleza. Kodwa ngenxa yentlungu ayivayo, uqhubeka ethandaza ngokunyaniseke ngakumbi; yaye ukubila kwakhe kuwa njengamathontsi egazi esiwa emhlabeni.’ Iimeko aziginyisi mathe ngakumbi njengoko uYuda umngcatshi ekhokela ihlokondiba eliphume iphulo lokubamba uYesu. Abafundi badanduluka besithi: “Nkosi, sixabele na ngekrele?” Omnye wabo uxabela indlebe yesicaka sombingeleli omkhulu, kodwa uYesu uyabakhalimela aze ayiphilise loo ndoda yenzakeleyo.—22:43, 44, 49.

27. (a) UPetros usilela kwesiphi isibakala? (b) UYesu umangalelwa ngantoni, yaye uvavanywa aze agwetywe phantsi kwaziphi iimeko?

²⁷ UYesu uyagxagxanyiswa ukusiwa kwindlu yombingeleli omkhulu ukuze ancinwe, yaye ekubeni kuvakala inkwankca yasebusuku, uPetros uhlala emlilweni phakathi kwendimbane. Kangangezihlandlo ezithathu umangalelwa ngokuba ngumlandeli kaYesu, yaye kude kube kathathu uyakhanyela. Kwandula ke kulile inkuku. INkosi iyaguquka ize ijonge kuPetros, yaye uPetros, ekhumbula indlela uYesu abekuxele kwangaphambili ngayo oku, uphuma phandle aze alile ngokukrakra. Emva kokuqweqwediswa ukusiwa kwindlu yeNtlanganiso Yamatyala, ngoku uYesu usiwa phambi koPilato aze abekwe ityala lokulahlekisa uhlanga, engavumi ukuba kuhlawulwe irhafu yaye “esithi, unguKristu uKumkani yena ngokwakhe.” Akuva ukuba uYesu ungumGalili, uPilato umthumela kuHerode, ekuthi ngeli xesha kwenzeke abe useYerusalem. UHerode nabalindi bakhe bayamgculela uYesu baze bamthumele kwakhona ematyaleni phambi kwehlokondiba eliphum’ izithuba. UPilato ‘unikela uYesu ekuthandeni kwabo.’—23:2, 25.

28. (a) UYesu ulithembisa ntoni isela elibonakalisa ukholo kuye? (b) Yintoni uLuka ayibhalayo ngokuphathelele ukufa, ukungcwatywa nokuvuka kukaYesu?

²⁸ Ukufa, ukuvuka nokunyuka kukaYesu (23:26–24:53). UYesu ubethelelwe phakathi kwezaphuli-mthetho ezibini. Esinye siyamgculela, kodwa esinye sibonakalisa ukholo size sicele ukuba sikhunjulwe eBukumkanini bukaYesu. UYesu uyathembisa esithi: “Inene ndithi kuwe namhlanje, Uya kuba nam eParadisi.” (23:43, NW) Emva koko kuthi kube mnyama ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ikhuselo lesibingelelo likrazuka kubini, yaye uYesu udanduluka ngezwi elikhulu esithi: “Bawo, ndiyawunikela ezandleni zakho umoya wam.” Akuba etshilo uyafa, yaye umzimba wakhe uyothulwa uze ulaliswe engcwabeni elimbiwe eliweni. Ngosuku lokuqala lweveki abafazi ababeze naye eGalili baya engcwabeni kodwa abawufumani umzimba kaYesu. Kanye njengokuba wayexele kwangaphambili uvukile ngosuku lwesithathu!—23:46.

29. Incwadi yeVangeli kaLuka iqukunjelwa ngayiphi ingxelo evuyisayo?

²⁹ Ebonakala kubafundi bakhe ababini abathi bona bangamqondi, endleleni eya e-Emawusi, uYesu uthetha ngokuva kwakhe ubunzima aze abachazele intsingiselo yeZibhalo. Kwaoko bayamqonda, kodwa uyanyamalala. Ngoku bathi: “Intliziyo yethu ibingavuthi na ngaphakathi kwethu, xa ebethetha nathi endleleni, naxa ebesityhilela izibhalo?” Bayakhawuleza ukubuyela eYerusalem ukuya kuxelela abanye abafundi. Kwanaxa bezithetha ezi zinto, uYesu ubonakala phakathi kwabo. Ngenxa yovuyo nokothuka abakukholelwa oku. Wandula ke ‘ayivule ingqiqo yabo, ukuze baqonde’ ngokusuka kwiZibhalo intsingiselo yako konke oko kwenzekileyo. ULuka uyiqukumbela ingxelo yakhe yeVangeli ngokuchaza ukunyukela kukaYesu ezulwini.—24:32, 45.

ISIZATHU SOKUBA IBE YINGENELO

30, 31. (a) ULuka uyakha njani intembelo yokuba iZibhalo zesiHebhere ziphefumlelwe nguThixo? (b) Ngawaphi amazwi kaYesu uLuka awacaphulayo ukuxhasa oku?

³⁰ Iindaba ezilungileyo “ngokubhalwe nguLuka” zakha intembelo kabani kwiLizwi likaThixo zize zomeleze ukholo lwakhe ukuze akwazi ukumelana neenzima zeli hlabathi libi. ULuka unikela imizekelo emininzi yenzaliseko echanileyo yeZibhalo zesiHebhere. UYesu uboniswa echaza uthumo lwakhe ngokusekelwe kumazwi angqalileyo acatshulwe kwincwadi kaIsaya, yaye uLuka ubonakala ekusebenzisa oko njengomxholo wakhe kuyo yonke le ncwadi. (Luka 4:17-19; Isa. 61:1, 2) Esi sesinye sezihlandlo awathi uYesu wacaphula ngazo kubaProfeti. Kwakhona wacaphula eMthethweni, kwanjengaxa wayegxotha uMtyholi kwizihlandlo ezithathu awayemlinga, nakwiiNdumiso njengaxa wayebuza abo babemchasa esithi: “Batsho ngani ukuthi, uKristu ungunyana kaDavide?” Ingxelo kaLuka iqulethe ezinye izicatshulwa ezininzi ezivela kwiZibhalo zesiHebhere.—Luka 4:4, 8, 12; 20:41-44; Dut. 8:3; 6:13, 16; INdu. 110:1.

³¹ Xa uYesu wangena eYerusalem ekhwele iesile njengoko kwakuxelwe kwangaphambili kuZekariya 9:9, izihlwele zamzukisa zichwayitile, zisebenzisa kuye isibhalo esikwiNdumiso 118:26. (Luka 19:35-38) Kwindawo enye iindinyana ezimbini encwadini kaLuka zanele ukugubungela iingongoma ezintandathu ezithe iZibhalo zesiHebhere zaprofeta ngazo ngokuphathelele ukufa kukaYesu okulihlazo nokuvuka kwakhe. (Luka 18:32, 33; INdu. 22:7; Isa. 50:6; 53:5-7; Yona 1:17) Ekugqibeleni, emva kokuvuka kwakhe, uYesu ugxininisa kubafundi bakhe ukubaluleka kweZibhalo zesiHebhere ziphela. “Uthe ke kubo, Ngawo la amazwi endawathethayo kuni ndisenani, okokuba zimelwe kukuzaliseka zonke izinto ezibhaliweyo ngam emthethweni kaMoses, nasebaprofetini, nasezindumisweni. Wandula wayivula ingqiqo yabo, ukuze baziqonde izibhalo.” (Luka 24:44, 45) Njengabo bafundi bokuqala bakaYesu Kristu, nathi sinokukhanyiselwa size sizuze ukholo olomeleleyo ngokunikel’ ingqalelo kwiinzaliseko zeZibhalo zesiHebhere, ezichazwe ngokuchane gqitha nguLuka nabanye ababhali beZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike.

32. Ingxelo kaLuka ibubalaselisa njani uBukumkani yaye simele sibe njani isimo sethu sengqondo ngokuphathelele uBukumkani?

³² Kuyo yonke ingxelo yakhe, uLuka usoloko esalathisela abafundi bencwadi yakhe kuBukumkani bukaThixo. Ukususela ekuqaleni kwale ncwadi, xa isithunywa sezulu sithembisa uMariya ukuba umntwana aza kumzala uya kuba “ngukumkani phezu kwendlu kaYakobi kude kube ngunaphakade, nobukumkani bakhe bungabi nasiphelo,” ukusa kwizahluko zokugqibela, apho uYesu athetha ngokungenisa abapostile kumnqophiso woBukumkani, uLuka ubalaselisa ithemba loBukumkani. (1:33; 22:28, 29) Umbonisa uYesu ekhokela ekushumayeleni ngoBukumkani aze andulule abapostile abali-12, yaye kamva abangama-70, ukuba benze kwalo msebenzi. (4:43; 9:1, 2; 10:1, 8, 9) Ukuzinikela ngentliziyo epheleleyo okufunekayo ukuze ubani angene eBukumkanini kugxininiswa ngamazwi kaYesu angqalileyo athi: “Bayeke abafileyo, bangcwabe abafileyo babo; ke wena hamba uye kushumayela ubukumkani bukaThixo,” yaye, “Akukho namnye usibekileyo isandla sakhe epuluweni, abe emana ekhangela kokusemva, ubulungeleyo ubukumkani bukaThixo.”—9:60, 62.

33. Nika imizekelo yokugxininisa kukaLuka emthandazweni. Yintoni esinokuyifunda koku?

³³ ULuka uyayigxininisa ingongoma yomthandazo. Incwadi yakhe yeVangeli ibalasele koku. Ibalisa ngezihlwele zithandaza ngoxa uZekariya wayesetempileni, ngokuzalwa kukaYohane uMbhaptizi njengokuphendulwa kwemithandazo yokucelwa komntwana, nangoAna umprofetikazi ethandaza ubusuku nemini. Ichaza ngokuthandaza kukaYesu ngexesha lokubhaptizwa kwakhe, ukuchitha kwakhe ubusuku bonke ethandaza ngaphambi kokunyula abali-12, nokuthandaza kwakhe ebudeni bokwenziwa kumila kumbi. UYesu uyala abafundi ukuba “bamelwe kukuhlala bethandaza, bangethi amandla,” ekuzekelisa oku ngomhlolokazi owazingisa embongoza umgwebi de wamenzela ubulungisa. NguLuka kuphela othetha ngesicelo sabafundi sokuba uYesu abafundise ukuthandaza nangesithunywa sezulu esomeleza uYesu njengoko ethandaza kwiNtaba yemiNquma; yaye nguye kuphela obhale amazwi omthandazo wokugqibela kaYesu athi: “Bawo, ndiyawunikela ezandleni zakho umoya wam.” (1:10, 13; 2:37; 3:21; 6:12; 9:28, 29; 18:1-8; 11:1; 22:39-46; 23:46) Njengakwixesha laxa uLuka wabhala incwadi yakhe yeVangeli, ngokufanayo namhlanje umthandazo ulilungiselelo elibalulekileyo lokomeleza bonke abo benza ukuthanda kukaThixo.

34. Ziziphi iimpawu zikaYesu uLuka agxininisa kuzo njengomzekelo omhle kumaKristu?

³⁴ Ngenxa yengqondo yakhe ebukhali ekuphawuleni izinto nobuchule bakhe bokubhala nobokucacisa izinto, uLuka wayenza yachukumisa yaza yanodlamko imfundiso kaYesu. Uthando, ububele, inceba nemfesane kaYesu ngabo babuthathaka, bacinezelekileyo nabanxungupheleyo ibonisa umahluko ocacileyo kunqulo lwababhali nabaFarisi, ababengenabubele nababezidla, ababengaphangalalanga ngokucinga nababengabahanahanisi. (4:18; 18:9) UYesu usoloko enikela ukhuthazo noncedo kumahlwempu, kwabakhonkxiweyo, iimfama nabadimazekileyo, ngaloo ndlela emisela umzekelo omhle kwabo bafuna ‘ukulandela emkhondweni wakhe.’—1 Pet. 2:21.

35. Kutheni le nto sinokuba nombulelo onyanisekileyo kuYehova ngelungiselelo lakhe lencwadi yeVangeli kaLuka?

³⁵ Kanye njengoYesu, uNyana kaThixo owayegqibelele,’ nowayesenza imimangaliso, ebonisa inkxalabo enothando ngabafundi bakhe nangabo bonke abantu abaneentliziyo ezinyanisekileyo, nathi sifanele sizabalazele ukubufeza ubulungiseleli bethu ngothando, ewe, “ngenxa yenceba nemfesane yoThixo wethu.” (Luka 1:78) Ngenxa yoko iindaba ezilungileyo “ngokubhalwe nguLuka” enyanisweni ziyingenelo gqitha kwaye ziluncedo. Sinokumbulela ngokunyanisekileyo uYehova ngokuphefumlela uLuka, “ugqirha oyintanda,” ukuba abhale le ngxelo ichanileyo, eyakhayo nekhuthazayo, eyalatha kusindiso ngoBukumkani obungoYesu Kristu, “usindiso lukaThixo.”—Kol. 4:14, NW; Luka 3:6.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]