Unokuyikhetha Njani Inguqulelo YeBhayibhile Esemgangathweni?

NTLANDLOLO iBhayibhile yayibhalwe ngesiHebhere, isiAramiki nesiGrike. Inkoliso yabantu efuna ukufunda iBhayibhile ixhomekeke kwiBhayibhile eguqulelweyo.

Namhlanje iBhayibhile yeyona ncwadi iguqulelwe kakhulu—iinxalenye zayo zifumaneka ngeelwimi ezingama-2 400. Zimbi iilwimi zineenguqulelo eziliqela. Ukuba ulwimi lwakho luneenguqulelo eziliqela, ngokuqinisekileyo ufuna ukusebenzisa eyona nguqulelo isemgangathweni.

Ukuze ukhethe kakuhle, kufuneka ukwazi ukuphendula le mibuzo ilandelayo: Ziziphi iinguqulelo zeBhayibhile ezifumanekayo? Ziguqulelwe njani? Yaye kutheni ufanele ulumke xa ufunda ezinye iinguqulelo zeBhayibhile?

Iinkalo Ezahlukahlukeneyo Zazo

Iinguqulelo ezahlukahlukeneyo zeBhayibhile zigubungela izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo kodwa zintathu ezona ntlobo zazo ziphambili. Iinguqulelo zeinterlinear zezinye zazo. Ezi nguqulelo lulwimi lwantlandlolo kunye nolwimi ekuguqulelwa kulo.

Ezinye iinguqulelo zithetha into efanayo kodwa zisebenzisa amagama awahlukileyo. Abaguquleli bezi nguqulelo bayiguqulela ngendlela abayiqonda ngayo nangendlela abacinga ukuba iya kuthimba ingqalelo yabaphulaphuli babo.

Uhlobo lwesithathu luzisebenzisa zombini ezi ndlela zikhankanywe ngasentla. Ezi nguqulelo zeBhayibhile zizama ukuguqulela iBhayibhile ngendlela yantlandlolo ngoxa kwangaxeshanye zifuna kube lula ukuyifunda.

Ngaba Inguqulelo Yegama Negama Yeyona Ifanelekileyo?

Inguqulelo yegama negama asiyiyo eyona ndlela isemagqabini yokuguqulela indinyana yeBhayibhile. Ngoba? Kukho izizathu eziliqela. Nazi ezibini:

 1. Azikho iilwimi ezimbini ezifana nqwa ngegrama, ngesigama nangendlela yokuyila izivakalisi. UNjingalwazi wesiHebhere uS. R. Driver uthi: “Iilwimi azahluki nje kuphela ngegrama nesigama kodwa zohluka nangeendlela izivakalisi ezakhiwa ngayo.” Abantu abathetha iilwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo bacinga ngeendlela ezingafaniyo. UNjingalwazi uDriver uhlabela mgama esithi: “Kwilwimi ngeelwimi izivakalisi azakhiwa ngendlela efanayo.”

Ekubeni lungekho ulwimi olufana twatse nolunye ngesigama nangegrama kwiBhayibhile yesiHebhere neyesiGrike, ukuguqulelwa kwegama negama bekungazokuqondakala okanye inokude idlulisele ingcamango engachananga. Khawuqwalasele le mizekelo ilandelayo.

Kwileta awayibhalela abase-Efese umpostile uPawulos wasebenzisa ibinzana elithetha “ukudlala amadayisi.” (Efese 4:14)a Eli binzana libhekisela kubuchule bokudlala amadayisi. Noko ke, kwinkoliso yeelwimi xa eli binzana liguqulelwa ngokoqobo alibi nantsingiselo. Eli binzana liguqulelwa ngendlela echanileyo xa kusithiwa “abakhohlisi.”

Xa wayebhalela amaRoma uPawulos wasebenzisa ibinzana lesiGrike xa liguqulelwa ngokoqobo lithetha “umoya obilayo.” (Roma 12:11) Ngaba le ndlela yokuthetha inentsingiselo kulwimi lwakho? Eli binzana lithetha “ukuvutha emoyeni.”

Kwintshumayelo yakhe edumileyo yasentabeni, uYesu wasebenzisa ibinzana elidla ngokuguqulelwa ngokuthi: “Basikelelekile abangamahlwempu ngomoya.” (Mateyu 5:3) Kodwa xa liguqulelwa yokoqobo eli binzana alibi nantsingiselo kwiilwimi ezininzi. Kwezinye iimeko, xa eli binzana liguqulelwa igama negama lithetha ukuba “abantu abangamahlwempu ngomoya” bantemntem okanye babuthathaka ngokwasemzimbeni yaye bangoongantweni. Noko ke, apha uYesu wayefundisa ukuba ukonwaba kwabantu akuxhomekekanga ekwaneliseni iintswelo zabo zokwenyama kodwa ekuthobeleni ulwalathiso lukaThixo. (Luka 6:20) Iinguqulelo eziguqulela eli binzana ngokuthi “abo bayiphapheleyo intswelo yabo yokomoya” okanye “abo bazilahlela kuThixo” ziwaguqulela ngendlela echanileyo.—Mateyu 5:3; Inguqulelo YesiXhosa Yowe-1996.

 2. Intsingiselo yegama okanye ibinzana isenokutshintsha kuxhomekeka kwindlela elisetyenziswe ngayo. Ngokomzekelo ibinzana lesiHebhere elibhekisela kwisandla somntu lisenokuba neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeka kwindlela elisetyenziswe ngayo eli gama lisenokuthetha “ulawulo,” ‘izinwe’ okanye “amandla.” (2 Samuweli 8:3; 1 Kumkani 10:13; IMizekeliso 18:21) Eli gama liguqulelwe ngeendlela ezingama-40 ezahlukahlukeneyo kwiNguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha YeZibhalo Ezingcwele yesiNgesi.

Ekubeni umongo wesivakalisi usenokuchaphazela indlela eliguqulelwa ngayo igama, iNguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha isebenzisa amabinzana esiNgesi aphantse abe ngama-16 000 ukuze iguqulele amabinzana eBhayibhile yesiGrike angama-5 500, isebenzisa amagama esiNgesi angama-27 000 ukuze iguqulele amabinzana esiHebhere angama-8 500.b Kutheni la magama eguqulelwa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo? Ikomiti yokuguqulela yagqiba ekubeni la magama aguqulelwe ngendlela evisisana nomongo, kunokuba kuguqulelwe igama negama. Nangona kunjalo, iNguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha iwaguqulela ngendlela echanileyo amabinzana esiHebhere nawesiGrike.

Licacile elokuba, ukuguqulela iBhayibhile asingombandela nje wokuguqulela igama ngendlela elalibhalwe ngayo ntlandlolo. Abaguquleli kufuneka basebenzise ingqiqo xa bekhetha amagama aza kudlulisela iingcamango zolwimi lwantlandlolo ngendlela echanileyo neqondakalayo. Ukongezelela, xa beguqulela kulwimi lwabo bamele bakhethe amagama baze babumbe izivakalisi ngendlela evisisana nemigaqo yegrama yolwimi abaguqulela kulo.

Kuthekani Ngeenguqulelo Ezisebenzisa Amagama Awahlukileyo?

Abaguquleli abaguqulela ngale ndlela basebenzisa amagama awahlukileyo kulawo eenguqulelo zantlandlolo. Njani? Babhala into abayicingelayo okanye bazishiye ezinye iinkcukacha. Ezi nguqulelo zisenokuba nomtsalane kuba kulula ukuzifunda. Noko ke, le ndlela yokuguqulela maxa wambi isenokuvelisa inguqulelo engacacanga okanye itshintshe intsingiselo yenguqulelo.

Nanku omnye umzekelo wendlela olu hlobo lokugulela oluwuguqulela ngayo indlela yokuthandaza eyafundiswa nguYesu: “Bawo wethu osemazulwini zityhile ukuba ungubani.” (Mateyu 6:9) Indlela echanileyo yokuguqulela la mazwi kaYesu ithi: “Bawo wethu osemazulwini, malingcwaliswe igama lakho.” Kwakhona phawula indlela ezinye iiBhayibhile ezimguqulela ngayo uYohane 17:26. Le nguqulelo xa iguqulela amazwi awathethwa nguYesu kuYise ngobusuku awabanjwa ngabo, ithi: “Ndibazisile ngawe.” (iNguqulelo YesiXhosa Yowe-1996) Noko ke, indlela echanileyo yokuguqulela le ndinyana ithi: “Ndilazisile igama lakho kubo.” Ngaba usiphawulile isibakala sokuba abaguquleli abaninzi bayalifihla igama likaThixo elifanele lisetyenziswe lize lihlonelwe?

Kutheni Kufanele Kuphatshwe?

Ezinye zezi nguqulelo aziyichazi imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ekwiinguqulelo zantlandlolo. Ngokomzekelo, iNguqulelo ekuthiwa yiBible in Contemporary Language iyiguqulela ngale ndlela eyoku-1 kwabaseKorinte 6:9, 10: “Ngaba aniqondi ukuba animele niphile ngolu hlobo.” Abantu abangamkhathalelanga uThixo abazukungena ebukumkanini bakhe. Abo baxhaphaza abanye abantu, abaziphethe kakubi nabonakalisa umhlaba nezinto ezikuwo abakufanelekeli ukuba ngabemi boBukumkani bukaThixo.”

Thelekisa le ndlela iguqulelwe ngayo nendlela echanileyo eguqulelwe ngayo kwiNguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha ethi: “Intoni! Anazi na ukuba abantu abangengomalungisa abayi kubudla ilifa ubukumkani bukaThixo? Ningalahlekiswa. Abahenyuzi, nabanquli-zithixo, nabakrexezi, namadoda agcinelwe iinjongo ezingezozamvelo, namadoda alala namadoda, namasela, nabantu ababawayo, namanxila, nabatshabhisi, nabaphangi abayi kubudla ilifa ubukumkani bukaThixo.” Phawula ukuba iinkcukacha ezabhalwa ngumpostile uPawulos zendlela esifanele siziphathe ngayo nesifanele siziphephe azikhankanywangwa kule nguqulelo.

Imfundiso ethile ethandwa ngumguquleli isenokuyiphembelela indlela aguqulela ngayo. Ngokomzekelo, iToday’s English Version, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiGood News Bible iguqulela amazwi awathethwa nguYesu kubalandeli bakhe ngale ndlela: “Ngenani ngesango elimxinwa kuba isango eliya esihogweni libanzi yaye indlela eya khona kulula ukuhamba ngayo yaye baninzi abantu abahamba ngayo.” (Mateyu 7:13) Abaguquleli bafakela ibinzana elithi “isihogo” nangona ingxelo kaMateyu yasebenzisa igama elithi “kwantshabalalo.” Kwakutheni ukuze basebenzise eli gama? Kucacile ukuba babefuna ukuphakamisa imfundiso yokuba abantu abangendawo baza kuthuthunjiswa kungekhona intshabalalo.c

Eyona Nguqulelo Esemagqabini

Xa kwakubhalwa iBhayibhile kwasetyenziswa ulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abaqhelekileyo njengabalimi, abelusi nabalobi. (Nehemiya 8:8, 12; IZenzo 4:13) Ngaloo ndlela inguqulelo yeBhayibhile efanelekileyo yenza kube lula ukufunda iBhayibhile kubantu abanyanisekileyo enoba banayiphi imvelaphi. Inguqulelo efanelekileyo iya kuphumeza ezi zinto zilandelayo:

◼ Iya kusidlulisela ngokuchanileyo isigidimi santlandlolo esasiphefumlelwe nguThixo.—2 Timoti 3:16.

◼ Iguqulela igama negama xa igama nendlela yokuyila izivakalisi zolwimi lwantlandlolo ikwazi ukuguqulelwa ngaloo ndlela.

◼ Iya kuguqulela igama okanye ibinzana elichanileyo ukuba igama elisetyenziswe kulwimi lwantlandlolo liza kuyitshintsha ingcamango okanye lidlulisele intsingiselo engachananga.

◼ Isebenzisa ulwimi ekulula ukuluqonda nokulufunda.

Ngaba iyafumaneka loo nguqulelo? Izigidi zabantu abafunda eli phephancwadi zikhetha ukusebenzisa iNguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba bayavumelana nendlela eguqulelwe ngayo yikomiti yokuguqulela njengoko ichazwe kwintshayelelo: “Asizishwankatheli iZibhalo. Kuyo yonke le nguqulelo besizama ukuguqulela ngendlela echanileyo, xa izaci zesiNgesi zikwazi ukuguqulelwa ibe inguqulelo yegama negama idlulisela intsingiselo echanileyo.”

Inguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha iye yashicilelwa iphelele okanye inxalenye yayo ngaphezu kweelwimi ezingama-60, kuye kwashicilelwa imibhalo engaphezu kwengama-145 000 000. Ukuba iyafumaneka ngolwimi lwakho, kutheni ungaceli amaNgqina kaYehova ukuba akuphathele ukuze uyifunde uze ubone iingenelo zayo?

Abafundi beBhayibhile abanyanisekileyo bafuna ukuqonda isigidimi sikaThixo esiphefumlelweyo ukuze benze ngokuvisisana naso. Ukuba ungumntu onjalo ufuna inguqulelo yeBhayibhile echanileyo. Enyanisweni kuphela kwento ekufaneleyo.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 21]

Ezi nguqulelo zisenokuba nomtsalane kuba kulula ukuzifunda. Noko ke, le ndlela yokuguqulela maxa wambi isenokuvelisa inguqulelo engacacanga okanye itshintshe intsingiselo yenguqulelo.

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 22]

Inguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha iye yashicilelwa iphelele okanye inxalenye yayo ngaphezu kweelwimi ezingama-60, kuye kwashicilelwa imibhalo engaphezu kwengama-145 000 000!

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 20]

IINGUQULELO ZAMANDULO EZISHWANKATHELWEYO

Iinguqulelo ezishwankathelweyo aziqali ukubakho. Mandulo amaYuda enza iBhayibhile ebizwa ngokuba ziiTargum zesiAramiki okanye iinguqulelo ezishwankathela iZibhalo. Nangona ingezizo iinguqulelo ezichanileyo zibonisa indlela awayeziqonda ngayo amaYuda iindinyana ezithile zize zincede abaguquleli baqonde intsingiselo yeendinyana ezintsonkothileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kuYobhi 38:7 ibinzana elithi “oonyana bakaThixo” lichazwa ngokuba “liqela leengelosi.” KwiGenesis 10:9, iiTargum zibonisa ukuba isimaphambili sesiHebhere esisetyenziswe ukuchaza uNimrodi sithetha “nxamnye” okanye “ukuchasa” kunokuba ibe sisimaphambili nje esiqhelekileyo. Ezi nguqulelo zaziluncedo ekuqondeni iBhayibhile kodwa zazingenzelwanga ukuyithabathel’ indawo.

[Umfanekiso]

INXALENYE KAWALTON’S “IBIBLIA POLYGLOTTA,” EYAGQITYWA NGOWE-1657 YOBHI 38:1-15

Indinyana yesiAramaic Targum

Indinyana yeBhayibhile yesiHebhere (ineNguqulelo yeLatin Interlinear)

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 19]

INXALENYE YENGUQULELO “YEKINGDOM INTERLINEAR YEZIBHALO ZESIGRIKE,” EFESE 4:14

Inxalenye engasekhohlo ibonisa inguqulelo yegama negama. Inxalenye yasekunene ibonisa ukuguqulelwa kwentsingiselo

[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 18]

Background: Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem