Ukuthwaxwa Kukudodobala Kwezoqoqosho

“OKONA kudodobala kwezoqoqosho kwakha kwaqatha kwimihla yethu.” IEncyclopædia Britannica Online yakuchaza ngolo hlobo ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho okusandul’ ukuthwaxa ihlabathi. Ukuwa kwezoqoqosho okwaqala eUnited States ngowama-2007 bekuqatha yaye kuye kwachaphazela amazwe amaninzi kangangokuba kude kwakhumbuza abantu abaninzi ngokudodobala kwezoqoqosho okwenzeka ngeminyaka yee-1930.

Kubangelwe yintoni? Iphephancwadi iNewsweek lisichaza ngamagama alula isizathu, lisithi: “Kukuvula amatyala ongenandlela yakuwahlawula.” Kodwa kwakutheni ukuze abantu baboleke imali yokuthenga izinto ngetyala nangona babengenandlela yokuhlawula?

Mhlawumbi nawe uyavuma ukuba oko kwabangelwa yinkqubo yezoqoqosho yeli hlabathi ekhuthaza ukunyoluka. Eyona nto yayixelelwa abantu kukuba: “Thengani! Thengani! Thengani! enoba niza kukwazi ukuhlawula okanye akunjalo.” Kwincwadi yakhe ethi The New Frugality, uChris Farrell oyingcali yezoqoqosho uthi: “Isizukulwana sethu siye safunda isifundo esibuhlungu ngeengozi zokuba namatyala amaninzi.”

Ezoqoqosho zamazwe amaninzi zawa ngenxa yoku kudodobala kwezoqoqosho kwehlabathi. Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, inqaku eliphambili kwiphephandaba laseMzantsi Afrika iSunday Times lathi: “Nangona kubonakala ngathi izinto ziyatshintsha kwakhona, abantu . . . basakufumanisa kunzima ukondla iintsapho zabo.” Eli phephandaba lathi “abantu [baseMzantsi Afrika] abamalunga nezi-3 000 000 baneenyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu bengawahlawuli amatyala abo; yaye abantu abakumgangatho ophakathi abamalunga nama-250 000 baye baphelelwa yimisebenzi kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo.”

Bangamashumi ezigidi abantu abaye balahlekelwa yimisebenzi kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Xa ithetha ngamathemba okutshintsha kwezinto eUnited States, iFinancial Times yathi: “Inkoliso yabantu iye yaphoxeka kuba ibicinga ukuba izinto ziza kuba bhetele ukususela ngoJuni 2009.” Eli phepha lahlabela mgama lisithi: “Iingcali zezoqoqosho ezininzi zicinga ukuba kuseza kukhe kudlule iminyaka eliqela abantu bengathengi kakhulu ize nemeko yezoqoqosho ime ndawonye kuba abantu beza kube behlawula amatyala abo.”

Ukuba nawe uye walixhoba lokuwa kwezoqoqosho, ngokuqinisekileyo uyavumelana noko kwabhalwa ngumbhali uDavid Beart, xa wathi: “Kubonakala ngathi kuthethwa kakhulu ngeengxaki zezoqoqosho zeli hlabathi kunokuba kuthethwe ngendlela yokuzicombulula.”

La manqaku alandelayo abhalelwe ukunceda abantu abaneengxaki zamatyala. Kuza kuphendulwa le mibuzo: Ziziphi iingenelo zokonga imali? Yintoni onokuyenza xa unamatyala? Unokukwazi njani ukuyisebenzisa kakuhle imali yakho?

Kutheni Ufanele Wonge Kunokuba Usoloko Uthenga?

ABANTU abaninzi bathi, “ukonga imali kuyakruqula. Eyona nto imnandi kukuthenga iimpahla, izinto ze-elektroniki nezinye.”

Enoba uye wathwaxwa kukuwa kwezoqoqosho zehlabathi okanye akunjalo, uya kuzuza lukhulu xa ufunda iindlela zokonga imali kunye nezokuthenga ngobulumko. Khawuve eli cebiso eliphuma kumthombo onokuthenjwa neliye lanceda izigidi zabantu zakwazi ukuyisebenzisa kakuhle imali yazo, ukutyhubela iinkulungwane.

Amazwi Obulumko Amathathu Amandulo

Komnye wemizekeliso yakhe uYesu waseNazarethe wanika abantu icebiso elibalulekileyo ngendlela yokusebenzisa imali. Kulo mzekeliso, inkosi ethile yathi kwikhoboka layo: “Ubumelwe ke ngoko ukuyifaka ebhankini imali yam, ndize ndithi, ndakufika, ndiyifumane inenzala.” (Mateyu 25:27, IBhayibhile YesiXhosa Yowe-1996) Oko kwathethwa nguYesu kusabalulekile nanamhlanje. Makhe sibone isizathu soko.

Kule minyaka idluleyo, kwamanye amazwe inzala owawuyifumana ebhankini emva kweminyaka elishumi uvalele imali yayisiba ninzi kunalo mali ubuyivalele. Nangona namhlanje zingekho ninzi iibhanki ezikunika inzala eninzi ngolo hlobo yaye inzala oyifumanayo xa utyale imali ingasoloko ilingana naleyo ubuyilindele, kububulumko ukonga imali ukuze ukwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngamaxesha kaxakeka.

NeBhayibhile iyavuma, isithi: “Ubulumko buyakhusela njengokuba nemali ikhusela.” (INtshumayeli 7:12) Kodwa ke imali ayikwazi ukukukhusela xa ungakhange uyonge. IBhayibhile ithi: “Ngamnye wenu . . . makabekele bucala okuthile kuvimba ngokwengeniso ayizuzileyo.”—1 Korinte 16:2.

Indlela Yokonga Imali

Okokuqala, ngaphambi kokuba uthenge into ebiza imali eninzi, zibuze enoba uyidinga ngokwenene kusini na.

Okwesibini, xa kukho into oyifunayo, khangela izinto ezintsha ezinamaxabiso athotyiweyo okanye ezisekwimeko entle nangona zikhe zasetyenziswa. UEspen noJanne, abazali abahlala eNorway babefuna ukuthengela unyana wabo uDaniel inqwelo eyenzelwe ukuqhuba abantwana. Bafumana eyayikhe yasetyenziswa ngesiqingatha sexabiso layo. UEspen uthi: “Xa uDaniel sele ekhulile ndiqinisekile ukuba siza kukwazi ukuyithengisa ngexabiso elincumisayo.” Kodwa ulumkisa ngelithi: “Ukukhangela izinto zexabiso elifikelelekayo kuthatha ixesha elininzi.” Ngoko usenokuzibhaqa sele uchitha ixesha elibalulekileyo kuba ukhangela izinto ezinamaxabiso aphantsi.a

Okwesithathu, mus’ ukungxama; cinga ngaphambi kokuba uthenge. Xa uqinisekile ukuba ufanele uyithenge into ethile, usenokuyikhangela kwivenkile enamaxabiso aphantsi. Kwakhona unokonga imali xa ungathengi kuphela izinto zegama. Kwakhona, kunokuba uthengele abantwana izinto zefashoni kwiivenkile ezinamaxabiso aphezulu, unokubanxibisa impahla eyayikade inxitywa ngabantwana abadala kunabo.

Umdlezana unokunxibisa umntwana wakhe ilweyile elihlanjwayo. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi Budgeting—Personal Spending and Money Management a Key to Weathering the Storm, uDenise Chambers uthi: “Amalweyile alahlwayo anokunxitywa ngumntwana iminyaka emibini axabisa iR13 500 nangaphezulu. Kanti wona ahlanjwayo . . . axabisa iR2 000 ukuya kwi-R3 500.” Wongezelela athi: “Amalweyile ahlanjwayo ezi mini kulula ukuwasebenzisa yaye awayingcolisi kangako indalo!”

Okwesine, kudla ngokungabizi mali ingako ukuthenga izinto uze upheke kunokuba niye kwivenkile yokutyela. Ukuba abantwana bakho bahamba isikolo unokubafundisa ukuzenzela umphako kunokuba ubanike imali yokuthenga ukutya okubizayo. Kunokuba uthenge iziselo ezibiza imali eninzi, sela amanzi la kanonkala. Anempilo yaye akabizi mali ingako.

Izol’ oku iintsapho bezidla ngokuba nezitiya zazo. Nawe unokukulima ngokwakho okunye ukutya. Abantu abaninzi kuquka nabo barentayo okanye abanomhlaba omncinane baba nayo indawo abanokulima kuyo. Uya kumangaliswa kukwazi indlela okukuninzi ngayo ukutya onokukulima kwisitiya nje esincinane.

Kwakhona: Ukuba kufuneka ube neselfowuni, unokuyisebenzisa kuphela xa kuyimfuneko uze ufake imali elinganiselweyo yokufowuna. Ukuba unomatshini wokomisa impahla, ngaba ukhe wacinga ngokuwusebenzisa kuphela xa kuyimfuneko? Unokuyoneka phandle enye impahla yaye ngamanye amaxesha unokude uyoneke yonke phandle. Kwakhona unokungazisebenzisi kangako izinto zokufudumeza okanye zokupholisa indlu. Ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise enye yazo zibuze, ‘Ngaba ngokwenene imozulu imbi ngolo hlobo?’ Usenokubuza kwabanye ezinye zezinto abazenzayo ukuze bonge umbane.

Kwakhona, kuluncedo ukuvula iakhawunti yokonga imali. UHilton, olitsha-ntliziyo elisebenza eMzantsi Afrika uthi: “Musa ukufaka yonke imali yakho kwiakhawunti enye. Ngamanye amaxesha, iibhanki nezinye iindawo zotyalo-mali ziyatshona. Loo nto ikhe yenzeka.” Ngoko faka imali yakho kwibhanki enesiqinisekiso sokuba urhulumente uza kuyihlawula xa itshona.

Indlela Yokuphuma Ematyaleni

Okokuqala, xa uhlawula amatyala akho, zama ukuhlawula imali engaphezu kwale ufanele uyihlawule ngenyanga.

Okwesibini, qala ngokuhlawula ityala elinenzala eninzi.

Okwesithathu, musa ukuyisafaza imali. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulumka kule inkalo.

Ngaba ukhe wahendwa zizibhengezo zentengiso ezikwenza ufune ukuthenga? UDanny indod’ enentsapho yaseSweden uthi le nto ikhe yenzeka kuye. Wayeneshishini eliqhuba kakuhle kodwa kwanyanzeleka ukuba alithengise ukuze ahlawule ityala awayelenze ngecredit-card. Wafund’ isifundo yaye ngoku uyisebenzisa kakuhle imali yakhe. Ucebisa ngelithi: “Kulumkele ukunyoluka. Yaneliseka uze uphile ngemali onayo.”

Amatyala Ayimfuneko

Bambalwa abantu abanemali yokuthenga indlu. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi bayiboleka ebhankini imali yokwenjenjalo. Imali abayihlawula ibhanki rhoqo ngenyanga ukuze bahlawule ityala labo inokufaniswa nerenti. Kodwa ke indlu iba yeyabo xa belihlawule lonke ityala labo.

Kwakhona, abantu abaninzi bakufumanisa kuluncedo ukuboleka imali ukuze bathenge imoto engasebenzisi ipetroli eninzi. Xa belihlawula baligqibe ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ityala labo, imoto yabo ifana nemali abayivalele ebhankini.b Abanye bakufumanisa kububulumko ukuthenga imoto ekhe yasetyenziswa xa isahambe iikhilomitha ezingekho ninzi kangako. Abanye bonga imali ngokusebenzisa izithuthi zikawonkewonke okanye bahambe ngebhayisekile.

Enoba wena ukhetha yiphi, thenga ngobulumko uze ucingisise ngaphambi kokuba wenze izigqibo. Usenokuzibhaqa sele unomkhwa wokusafaza ngemali yaye oko kunokukufaka kwiingxaki ezininzi. Ngoko zifundise ukulumka xa uza kusebenzisa imali kuba ukwenjenjalo kunokukwenza usoloko wonwabile.

Ngaphezu koko, ukuze ukwazi ukonga imali kufuneka ufunde ukuyisebenzisa kakuhle. Kuza kuthethwa ngaloo nto kwinqaku elilandelayo.

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 5]

IINDLELA ZOKONGA IMALI

Khangela izinto ezinamaxabiso athotyiweyo

Thenga impahla kwiivenkile ezinamaxabiso aphantsi okanye ezithengisa impahla ekhe yanxitywa

Bafundise ukupheka abantwana bakho

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 6]

Lima imifuno ukuze unciphise iindleko zokuthenga ukutya. Yonga imali ngokuyoneka phandle impahla

Indlela Yokuyisebenzia Kakuhle Imali Yakho

ZINTATHU iindlela zokusebenzisa imali: (1) Kukuthenga ngayo, (2) ukuyonga, okanye (3) ukuphisa ngayo. Makhe siqale sithethe ngendlela yokuthenga ngobulumko.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo esiye sayifundiswa kukuwohloka kwemeko yezoqoqosho kukubaluleka kokuceba kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise imali. Kuthetha ukuthini ukuceba ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise imali? Ngamafutshane, kukubala indlela eza kusetyenziswa ngayo imali, enoba yeyomntu omnye, intsapho, ishishini okanye urhulumente.

Intsapho Ifanele Isebenzisane

Ninokulwenza njani uqingqo mali? Incwadi ethi Budgeting ebhalwe nguDenise Chambers ithi: “Onke amalungu entsapho afanele abe nenxaxheba xa kuqingqwa imali ukuze asebenzisane.” Afanele amane ebhunga ukuze ahlole ukuba luqhuba njani uqingqo mali lwawo. Intsapho iya kuzuza xa incedisana ukuze iqingqe imali yayo, njengoko ngamnye efunda iindlela zokuphila ngokwemali enayo intsapho.

Abanye abantu basebenzisa ikhompyutha xa beceba indlela abaza kuyisebenzisa ngayo imali yabo. Abanye babhala ephepheni amacandelo amabini. Kwelinye icandelo babhala imali engenayo baze kwelinye babhale iindleko. Kwakhona, nyanga nganye kubalulekile ukubekela bucala imali yokuhlawula iindleko ezibakho kanye ngonyaka, njengerhafu okanye iholide.

Indlela yokuqingqa imali eye yaphumelela kukuthatha iimvulophu ezahlukeneyo uze ubhale ngaphandle kuzo, “Eyokutya,” “Eyerenti,” “Eyokuhamba,” “Eyombane,” “Eyeendleko Zokuya Esibhedlele” nezinye iindleko. Ngaphambili, abantu babedla ngokufaka imali yezi ndleko kwiimvulophu nyanga nganye. Kodwa abantu abaninzi namhlanje bathi kukhuselekile yaye kulula ukufaka imali ebhankini uze uyikhuphe xa uyidinga.

UJonathan noAnne abahlala eMzantsi Afrika kunye neentombi zabo ezimbini, badla ngokuyifaka kwiimvulophu imali abaza kuyisebenzisa. UJonathan uthi, “ukuba umvuzo wakho ufakwa ebhankini kubalulekile ukuqiniseka ukuba uyahlulahlula kakuhle imali yakho. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba imali yokuthenga inyama iphelile, awufanele uthathe obuyigcinele ezinye izinto uze uthenge ngayo inyama engakumbi.”

UJonathan wayekade eneshishini kodwa ngoku yena nentsapho yakhe bangamatsha-ntliziyo yaye bancedisa xa kusakhiwa iindawo zokunqula. Ngenxa yokuba bewuthanda umsebenzi abawenzayo, kubalulekile ukuba bayiqingqe imali yabo. Le ntsapho iyihlola rhoqo indlela eyisebenzisa ngayo imali ukuze iphucule xa kuyimfuneko.

Olona Lonwabo

Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukupha abanye izinto zexabiso kuquka ixesha, amandla kunye nemali kukwenza wonwabe. Ukuba iimeko zakho ziyakuvumela, le isenokuba yeyona ibhetele kwezi ndlela zintathu zokusebenzisa imali esithethe ngazo ekuqaleni.

Kwincwadi yakhe ethi The New Frugality, uChris Farrell uthi, imali uyonga kuba “ufuna ukuthenga ngayo.” Ucebisa ngelithi: “Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo onokuzenza ngemali yakho, kukuyipha abanye.”a Walek’ umsundulo esithi: “Eyona nto ibalulekileyo bubuhlobo nokwenza umahluko kubomi babanye, kungekhona imali nezinto onazo.”

NoMichael Wagner oyingcali yezoqoqosho uyavumelana noko. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi Your Money, Day One ebhalelwe ukukhuthaza ulutsha ukuba longe imali, uthi: “Xa uzimisela ukunceda abantu abangamahlwempu, uvuzwa ngeendlela ezininzi ngenxa yobubele nezinwe zakho, kodwa owona mvuzo uwufumanayo luvuyo oba nalo entliziyweni ngenxa yokuba uye wanceda omnye umntu.”

IBhayibhile iyavuma ukuba ukupha kukwenza wonwabe. Njengokuba bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iBhayibhile inamazwi obulumko anokukunceda uzisebenzise kakuhle izinto zakho zexabiso. Ngoku makhe sithethe ngasixhenxe kula mazwi.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

Amazwi Obulumko Asixhenxe

IZINTO ezibhalwe ngezantsi zifumaneka kwincwadi yamandulo ezaliswe ngamazwi aluncedo nasasebenzayo kumhla wethu. Cinga ngendlela anokukunceda ngayo ukuze uyisebenzise kakuhle imali yakho.

1. “Umthandi nje wesilivere akayi kwaneliswa yisilivere, nabani na othanda indyebo akaneliswa yingeniso.” (INtshumayeli 5:10) Loo mazwi akazange athethwe lihlwempu lendoda eyayinomona. Kodwa abhalwa nguKumkani uSolomon wakwaSirayeli, enye yawona madoda afumileyo kwawakha aphila kulo mhlaba, ewabhala ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezamehlelayo nawazibonayo. Kamva, namanye amadoda awayezizityebi athetha amazwi afanayo.

2. “Ukuba sinako ukutya nempahla yokunxiba masaneliswe. Abo baxhinele ubutyebi beyela kwizilingo nemigibe.” (1 Timoti 6:8, 9, IBhayibhile YesiXhosa Yowe-1996) Loo mazwi abhalwa ngumpostile uPawulos owashiya umsebenzi obalulekileyo ukuze abe ngumlandeli kaYesu Kristu. Ngokungafaniyo nabefundisi banamhlanje, uPawulos akazange afune ukwamkela imali kwabo wayebafundisa okanye eshumayela kunye nabo. Kunoko, wayenyanisile xa wathi: “Akukho mntu ndikhanuke silivere okanye golide okanye sivatho sakhe. Nani ngokwenu niyazi ukuba ezi zandla ziye zazinyamekela iimfuno zam nezabo babekunye nam.”—IZenzo 20:33, 34.

3. “Ngubani na kuni othi efuna ukwakha inqaba angahlali phantsi kuqala, abale indleko, ukuze abone ukuba unokwaneleyo kusini na kokuyigqiba?” (Luka 14:28) Umzekeliso kaYesu uyasebenza kule meko: Xa uthenga ngecredit card, ngaba uyangxama okanye ngaba uqale ubale iindleko. Ngaba uyidinga ngokwenene na le nto ufuna ukuyithenga yaye ngaba unayo kusini na imali eyaneleyo yokuyithenga?

4. ‘Lowo ubolekayo likhoboka lalowo ubolekisayo.’ (IMizekeliso 22:7, IBhayibhile YesiXhosa Yowe-1996) Ukuwohloka kwezoqoqosho okusandul’ ukwenzeka kuye kwabonisa iingxaki ezibangelwa kukuthenga ngecredit card nezinye iindlela zamatyala. Kwincwadi yakhe yowama-2009 ethi Your Money, Day One, uMichael Wagner uthi: “Kuxhaphakile namhlanje ukuba umntu oneecredit card ezine nangaphezulu abe netyala elingaphezu kwama-R60 000 nangaphezulu kwicredit card nganye.”

5. “Ongendawo uyaboleka angabuyisi, kodwa olilungisa uyababala aze anikele izipho.” (INdumiso 37:21) Abanye abantu bathi indlela elula yokubaleka amatyala kukuthi akunamali. Kodwa ke, abo babuxabisayo ubuhlobo babo noThixo bayaqiniseka ukuba bayawahlawula amatyala abo xa benokukwazi ukwenjenjalo baze kwangaxeshanye babelane nabanye ngezinto abanazo.

6. “Ndakha ndangumfana, kungokunje ndimdala, kodwa andikaboni nabani na olilungisa eshiywe ngokupheleleyo, nenzala yakhe ifuna isonka.” (INdumiso 37:25) Loo mazwi abhalwa yindoda eyayikhe yaphathwa kakubi. Kwadlula iminyaka iyimbacu ibe yayikhe ihlale emiqolombeni ize ngamanye amaxesha ibhacele kumazwe asemzini. Ekugqibeleni, uDavide owayekade eyimbacu waba ngukumkani wakwaSirayeli. Wazibonela ngokwakhe ubunyaniso bamazwi abhalwe ngasentla.

7. “Kunoyolo ngakumbi ukupha kunokwamkela.” (IZenzo 20:35) Loo mazwi athethwa yeyona ndoda ibalaseleyo yakha yaphila. UYesu wachitha bonke ubomi basemhlabeni enceda abanye “ngenxa yovuyo olwalubekwe phambi kwakhe.” Ngoku usezulwini, apho eyingelosi engenakufa ehleli ngasekunene ‘koThixo onoyolo’ uYehova.—Hebhere 12:2; 1 Timoti 1:11.

Ayikho ebomini into esinokuyenza ebaluleke ngaphezu kokulandela umzekelo kaYesu size senze konke esinokukwenza ukuze sincede abanye. Ngokuqinisekileyo uyavuma ukuba, kubhetele ulumke uze wonge ukuze ukwazi ukwabelana nabanye ngezinto onazo kunokuba uyisebenzisele ukwanelisa wena kuphela imali yakho.