Igama LikaThixo KwiZibhalo ZesiGrike

Abaphandi ngeBhayibhile bayavuma ukuba igama likaThixo, elimelwa ngoonobumba abane iTetragrammaton (יהוה), livela phantse kayi-7 000 kwimibhalo yokuqala yeZibhalo ZesiHebhere. Kodwa abaninzi bathi lalingekho kwimibhalo yokuqala yeZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iiBhayibhile ezininzi zakutshanje azilisebenzisi igama elithi Yehova kwiinguqulelo zazo ezibizwa ngokuba yiTestamente Entsha. Naxa beguqulela izibhalo ezicatshulwe kwiZibhalo ZesiHebhere apho kukho iTetragrammaton, abaguquleli abaninzi basebenzisa isibizo esithi “Nkosi” endaweni yegama likaThixo.

INguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha YeZibhalo Ezingcwele ayiyilandeli le ndlela yokuguqulela. Isebenzisa igama elithi Yehova kayi-237 kwiZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike. Abaguquleli bacinga ngezinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo xa babefaka igama likaThixo kule nguqulelo: (1) Imibhalo yakudala yesiGrike ekhoyo namhlanje ayiyiyo leya yokuqala. Kumawaka-waka eekopi ezikhoyo namhlanje, ezininzi zenziwa emva kweminyaka eyi-200 ikhona imibhalo yokuqala. (2) Ngelo xesha, abo babekhuphela loo mibhalo bayikhupha iTetragrammaton baza bafaka uKyʹri·os, igama lesiGrike elithetha ukuthi “Nkosi,” okanye loo nto yayisele yenziwe kwimibhalo yakudala ababekhuphela ngokusuka kuyo.

IKomiti YeBhayibhile YeNguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha yabona ukuba kukho ubungqina obucacileyo bokuba iTetragrammaton yayikho kwimibhalo yakudala yesiGrike. Eso sigqibo senziwa ngenxa yobu bungqina:

• Iikopi zeZibhalo ZesiHebhere ezazisetyenziswa ngemihla kaYesu nabapostile bakhe zazinayo iTetragrammaton. Kudala, kwakukho abantu abambalwa ababeyiphikisa loo nto. Kuye kwafunyanwa iikopi zeZibhalo ZesiHebhere ezazikho ngexesha labapostile eQumran; loo nto yaba bubungqina obungenakuphikiswa.

• Ngemihla kaYesu nabapostile bakhe, iTetragrammaton yayikho nakwiinguqulelo zesiGrike zeZibhalo ZesiHebhere. Kwadlula iminyaka abaphandi becinga ukuba iTetragrammaton yayingekho kwimibhalo yakudala yeSeptuagint yesiGrike, eyinguqulelo yeZibhalo ZesiHebhere. Kodwa ke, kwiminyaka yoo-1950, abaphandi bafumana iziqwenga zeSeptuagint yesiGrike eyayikho ngexesha likaYesu. Ezo ziqwenga zazinegama likaThixo, libhalwe ngoonobumba besiHebhere. Ngoko ke, ngexesha likaYesu, iikopi zeZibhalo ZesiGrike zazinalo igama likaThixo. Kodwa ngeminyaka yoo-300, imibhalo yakudala emininzi yeSeptuagint yesiGrike, efana neCodex Vaticanus neCodex Sinaiticus, yayisele ingenalo igama likaThixo ukuqala kwiGenesis ukuya kutsho kuMalaki (kwiindawo elalivela kuzo kwimibhalo yangaphambili). Ngenxa yoko, ayothusi into yokuba kwimibhalo esusela ngelo xesha, igama likaThixo alikho kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yiTestamente Entsha okanye inxalenye yeBhayibhile yeZibhalo ZesiGrike.

  UYesu wathi: “Ndize egameni likaTata.” Wabalaselisa nokuba yonke into ayenzayo uyenza “egameni likaTata” wakhe

• IZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike zithi uYesu wayesoloko elisebenzisa igama likaThixo ibe walazisa nakwabanye. (Yohane 17:​6, 11, 12, 26) UYesu wathi: “Ndize egameni likaTata.” Wayenza yacaca into yokuba yonke into ayenzayo uyenza “egameni likaTata” wakhe.​—Yohane 5:​43; 10:25.

• Ekubeni iZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike zaziphefumlelwe ibe zisongeza kwiZibhalo ZesiHebhere ezingcwele, ukungabikho kwegama likaYehova kuzo kunokubonakala kuyimpazamo. Ngexesha labapostile, umlandeli kaYesu uYakobi wathi kubadala baseYerusalem: “USimiyon uye wabalisa kakuhle ukuba uThixo uye waqalisa ukubakhetha ezintlangeni abantu abaza kubizwa ngegama lakhe.” (IZenzo 15:​14) Yayingenakwenzeka into yokuba uYakobi athethe la mazwi ukuba abantu ngelo xesha babengalazi okanye bengalisebenzisi igama likaThixo.

• Igama likaThixo livela lishunqulelwe kwiZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike. KwiSityhilelo 19:​1, 3, 4, 6, igama likaThixo lifumaneka kwigama elithi “Haleluya.” Eli gama livela kwelesiHebhere elithetha ukuthi “Dumisani uYa.” “UYa” sisishunqulelo segama elithi Yehova. Maninzi amagama akwiZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike athathwe kwigama likaThixo. Uphando lubonisa ukuba kwa-igama likaYesu lithetha ukuthi “UYehova Ulusindiso.”

• Imibhalo yesiYuda yakudala ibonisa ukuba amaKristu angamaYuda ayelisebenzisa igama likaThixo kwiincwadi zawo. ITosefta, eyincwadi ekubhalwe kuyo imithetho yamaYuda, neyagqitywa malunga neminyaka yoo-300, ithi ngemibhalo yamaKristu eyayitshiswa ngeSabatha: “Iincwadi zabaVangeli neencwadi zee-minim [ekucingwa ukuba ngamaKristu angamaYuda] abazikhuphi emlilweni. Bayaziyeka zitshe apho, zitshe neGama likaThixo elibhalwe kuzo.” Le ncwadi yemithetho ikwacaphula uMfundisi uYosé waseGalili, owayephila ngasekupheleni kwexesha labapostile esithi, ngezinye iintsuku zeveki “umntu uye asike iindawo ezithetha ngeGama likaThixo kuyo [apha kukholelwa ukuba kubhekiswa kwimibhalo yamaKristu], azifihle aze atshise yonke enye into.”

• Abaphandi beBhayibhile bayavuma ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba igama likaThixo lalikho kwiZibhalo ZesiHebhere ezicatshuliweyo kwiZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike. Phantsi komxholo othi “ITetragrammaton KwiTestamente Entsha,” iAnchor Bible Dictionary ithi: “Kukho ubungqina bokuba iTetragrammaton, iGama likaThixo uYahweh, yayikho kwinxalenye okanye kuzo zonke iingcaphulo zeT[estamente] E[ndala] ezikwiT[estamente] E[ntsha] xa zazibhalwa okokuqala.” Umphandi uGeorge Howard uthi: “Ekubeni iTetragram yayisabhalwa kwimibhalo yeBhayibhile yesiGrike [iSeptuagint] eyayiyila iZibhalo zecawa yokuqala, kunokutshiwo ukuba ababhali beT[estamente] E[ntsha], xa babecaphula kwiZibhalo, babeyigcina iTetragram kwimibhalo yeBhayibhile.”

• Abaguquleli beBhayibhile abaziwayo baye basebenzisa igama likaThixo kwiZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike. Abanye kwaba baguquleli baye bayenza le nto kudala ngaphambi kokuba yenziwe iNguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha. Naba abanye baba baguquleli neenguqulelo zabo: I-A Literal Translation of the New Testament . . . From the Text of the Vatican Manuscript, kaHerman Heinfetter (yango-1863); iThe Emphatic Diaglott, kaBenjamin Wilson (yango-1864); iEpistles of Paul in Modern English, kaGeorge Barker Stevens (yango-1898); i-St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, ka-W. G. Rutherford (yango-1900); iNew Testament Letters, ka-J.W.C. Wand, uBhishophu waseLondon (yango-1946). Ngaphezu koko, kwinguqulelo yesiSpanish yasekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1900, umguquleli uPablo Besson wasebenzisa u-“Jehová” kuLuka 2:​15 nakuYuda 14 kuquka nemibhalo esemazantsi ephantse ibe yi-100, ebonisa ukuba igama likaThixo linokusetyenziswa. Ngaphambi kwezo nguqulelo, iinguqulelo zesiHebhere zeZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike zeminyaka yee-1500 ukubheka phambili zaziyisebenzisa iTetragrammaton kwizibhalo ezininzi. Kulwimi lwesiJamani nje lodwa, kukho iinguqulelo eziyi-11 ezisebenzisa u-“Yehova” (okanye inguqulelo yegama lesiHebhere elithi “Yahweh”) kwiZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike, ngoxa abanye abaguquleli abane belifaka kwizibiyeli emva kwegama elithi “Nkosi.” Zingaphezu kwe-70 iinguqulelo zesiJamani ezisebenzisa igama likaThixo kwimibhalo esemazantsi okanye kumagqabaza.

  

• Iinguqulelo zeBhayibhile kwiilwimi ezingaphezu kwekhulu zinegama likaThixo kwiZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike. Iilwimi ezininzi zase-Afrika, eMerika, eAsiya, eYurophu nakwiziqithi zePasifiki zilisebenzisa kakhulu igama likaThixo. (Bona uludwe kwiphepha 1848 no-1849.) Abaguquleli bezi nguqulelo bakhetha ukusebenzisa igama likaThixo ngenxa yezizathu ezibufana nezo zichazwe ngasentla. Ezinye zezi nguqulelo zeZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike zezakutshanje, njengeRotuman Bible (yango-1999), esebenzisa u-“Jihova” kayi-51 kwiivesi eziyi-48, neBatak (iToba) (yango-1989) yase-Indonesia, esebenzisa u-“Jahowa” kayi-110.

  

Kucacile ke, ukuba zikho izizathu zokulibuyisela igama likaThixo, uYehova, kwiZibhalo ZamaKristu ZesiGrike. Yiloo nto kanye abayenzileyo abaguquleli beNguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha. Bayalihlonela igama likaThixo ibe abafuni ukususa nantoni na eyayikwimibhalo yokuqala.​—ISityhilelo 22:​18, 19.