Ukuxhumana Phakathi Kwabantu Basendulo
UKWAZISWA nemibono kwakudluliselwa kusukela kumuntu kuya komunye ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene emazweni eBhayibheli asendulo. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, izindaba ezivamile zasendaweni nezakwamanye amazwe zazidluliselwa ngomlomo. (2 Samuweli 3:17, 19) Izihambi, ngokuvamile ezazihamba ngezinqola ezidonswayo, zazixoxa izindaba ezivela ezindaweni ezikude lapho zima ukuze zithole ukudla, amanzi, nezinye izinto ezidingekayo emadolobheni noma ezindaweni ezisendleleni.
Ngenxa yokuma kwalo okuyingqayizivele phakathi kwe-Asia, i-Afrika, neYurophu, izwe lasePalestine lalihanjwa ngezinqola ezidonswayo ezaziya futhi zibuya ezindaweni ezikude. Ngakho izakhamuzi zalo zazingakuthola kalula ukwaziswa ngokuphathelene nezenzakalo eziphawulekayo zakwamanye amazwe.
Ukuxhumana okuhamba ibanga elifushane ngezinye izikhathi kwakufinyelelwa ngokusetshenziswa kwezimpawu zomsindo noma ezibonakalayo noma ngezwi lomlomo. (1 Samuweli 20:20-22) Ngemva kokuba u-Israyeli ehambile eGibithe, uMose wayalwa ukuba enze amacilongo amabili esiliva azosetshenziswa ekudluliseni ukwaziswa. Ukushaya kwabapristi bozalo luka-Aroni lamacilongo kwakuba uphawu lwezinto ezinjengokubuthanela umhlangano, umbuthano wezinhloko zezizwe, ukuhlukana kwekamu ngokuhleleka, noma ubizo lokulwa nesitha.—Numeri 10:1-10.
Izigijimi zomlomo noma ezibhaliwe ezazikhishwa izikhulu ngokuvamile zazihanjiswa izithunywa. (2 Samuweli 18:19-32) Izincwadi namaphepha abhaliwe kwakusetshenziswa ohulumeni abaningi basendulo ukuze banikeze ukuqondisa okuphumelelayo. Abavubukuli baye bathola amaphepha amaningi ezokuxhumana ayesetshenziswa ohulumeni noma emabhizinisini asendulo.
Ukuxhumana ngaphakathi ezweni noma ebangeni elikude kwaqala ukuncika kakhulu ezindleleni noma imigwaqo emikhulu. Kwakunezindlela ezinhle kwa-Israyeli nakwaJuda wasendulo, futhi zazigcinwa zisesimweni esihle. Kamuva, amaRoma akha izindlela ezinhle ezisuka eRoma ziya kuzo zonke izingxenye zoMbuso, ezazithuthukisa ukuxhumana okungokomthetho nokuhamba kwamabutho.
Lapho uJesu Kristu esemhlabeni, abantu abaningi babehamba kulezozindlela. AmaKristu, ikakhulukazi uPawulu nezithunywa zevangeli ayekhonza nazo, babejabulela ukuzisebenzisa lapho beya e-Asia Minor naseYurophu ukuze bamise futhi bavakashele amabandla obuKristu.
Ukuxhumana okungokomthetho, kanye nezindaba ezivamile, kwakuhanjiswa nangemikhumbi eyayihamba oLwandle lwaseMedithera, eyayikushiya emathekwini ahlukahlukene. Uhulumeni waseRoma wayesebenzisa imikhumbi ngezinye izikhathi (ngokuvamile ehlobo) ukuze athwale izigijimi zomthetho, kodwa kubonakala sengathi iningi lalokhu kwaziswa kwakudluliselwa ngezindlela ezinqamula ezweni. Lezi zazithenjelwa ngokwengeziwe.
AmaRoma asungula inkonzo engokomthetho yeposi, kodwa yayisetshenziselwa kuphela ukudlulisela ukwaziswa kukahulumeni. Abantu abavamile kwakumelwe bathembele kubantu ababajwayele ukuze bahambise izincwadi zabo. Lapho indikimba ebusayo ixazulula impikiswano yokusoka eJerusalema futhi kuthunyelwa incwadi njengendlela yokuxhumana, yahanjiswa ngendlela eqondile kuthunyelwa umuntu. (IzEnzo 15:22-31) Kwakunjalo nangezincwadi eziphefumlelwe njengaleyo uPawulu ayithumela kumaKristu aseKolose.—Kolose 4:7-9.
UJehova unguNkulunkulu wokuxhumana futhi uye wasiqaphela isidingo sokuba abantu bakhe babe nendlela yokukhulumisana ngokubhala. Yena ngokwakhe waloba iMiyalo Eyishumi ezibhebheni zamatshe. (Eksodusi 31:18) Ngokuphefumlelwa kwaphezulu amadoda amaningana angamaHeberu athembekile (kusukela kuMose ngo-1513 B.C.E.) ashukunyiselwa ukuba abhale phansi ukwaziswa okuvela kuJehova.