Kungani Kumelwe Ukuyeke Ukubhema?

UKUBHEMA akubafanele labo abafuna ukuphila ukuphila okude nokujabulisayo. Umuntu osebhemé ugwayi isikhathi eside usengozini yokuba ekugcineni umbulale. Umqondisi-jikelele we-World Health Organization (WHO) wathi: “Ugwayi . . . uwumkhiqizo owenziwe ngobuhlakani onezinga elifanele le-nicotine ukuze umuntu owubhemayo alutheke ukuphila kwakhe konke ngaphambi kokuba umbulale.”

Ngakho-ke, esinye isizathu sokuyeka ugwayi siwukuthi ukubhema kuyingozi empilweni nasekuphileni. Kunezifo ezisongela ukuphila ezingaphezu kuka-25 eziye zahlotshaniswa nokubhema. Ngokwesibonelo, kuyimbangela eyinhloko yesifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula okungamahlalakhona, i-emphysema, nezifo zomdlavuza ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulu umdlavuza wamaphaphu.

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi umuntu angase abheme iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba ahlaselwe esinye salezi zifo. Noma kunjalo, ukubhema akumenzi umuntu akhange kwabanye. Ukukhangisa kwenza abantu ababhemayo babukeke bebahle futhi benempilo. Isimo esingokoqobo sihlukile. Ukubhema kwenza umlomo unuke futhi amazinyo neminwe kube nezisihla eziphuzi ngokunsundu. Kwabesilisa kubulala inzalo. Kwenza obhemayo akhwehlele futhi abe nephika. Futhi abantu ababhemayo cishe bayoba nemibimbi nezinye izinkinga zesikhumba ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Indlela Ukubhema Okubathinta Ngayo Abanye

IBhayibheli lithi: “Kumelwe uthande umakhelwane wakho njengoba uzithanda wena.” (Mathewu 22:39) Ukuthanda omakhelwane bakho—phela amalunga omkhaya wakho angomakhelwane bakho abaseduze kakhulu—kuyisizathu esinamandla sokuwuyeka.

Ukubhema kuyabalimaza abanye. Kuze kube sezikhathini zamuva umuntu obhemayo ubezibhemela cishe noma kuphi futhi engekho omnqabelayo. Kodwa izimo zengqondo ziyashintsha ngoba abantu sebeyaziqonda izingozi zokuhogela intuthu kagwayi obhenywa abanye. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu ongabhemi oshade nomuntu obhemayo usengozini engamaphesenti angu-30 yokuphathwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu kunoshade nomuntu ongabhemi. Izingane ezihlala nabazali ababhemayo zingase zingenwe yi-pneumonia noma ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula eminyakeni emibili yokuqala yokuphila kunezingane ezihlala emakhaya angenamuntu obhemayo.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe ababhemayo bafaka izingane zabo ezingakazalwa engozini. I-nicotine, isikhutha namanye amakhemikhali ayingozi atholakala entuthwini kagwayi angena egazini likamama futhi adlulele enganeni esesibelethweni. Imiphumela ihlanganisa amathuba amaningi okuphuphuma kwesisu, ukuzala ingane esifile nokufa kwezinsana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi yokufa kwezinsana ngokuzumayo iphindwe kathathu ezinganeni ezinomama ababebhema lapho besakhulelwe.

Izindleko Zimba Eqolo

Esinye isizathu sokuyeka ukubhema siwukuthi kumba eqolo. Ukucwaninga okwenziwa yiBhange Lomhlaba kwalinganisela ukuthi izindleko zokwelapha ezibangelwa ukubhema zibalelwa emaRandini ayizigidi zezigidi ezingu-1,2 unyaka ngamunye. Kodwa-ke lelo nani alikuvezi ukuhlupheka nobuhlungu balabo abathola izifo ezibangelwa ugwayi.

Kulula ukubala izindleko ezikhokhwa umuntu obhemayo ngokuqondile. Uma ubhema, phindaphinda imali oyichitha uthenga ugwayi ngosuku ngo-365. Lokho kuzokubonisa ukuthi ingakanani imali oyichithayo ngonyaka. Bese uphindaphinda lelo nani kayishumi, futhi uzobona ukuthi zingakanani izindleko ozozichitha ngogwayi uma ubhema eminye iminyaka eyishumi. Imiphumela ingase ikumangaze. Cabanga okunye ongakwenza ngemali engako.

Ingabe Kuphephile Ukuguqukela Komunye?

Imboni kagwayi ikhangisa ugwayi onetiyela ne-nicotine encane—okuthiwa ugwayi olula (light) noma opholile (mild)—njengendlela yokunciphisa izingozi zempilo ezibangelwa ukubhema. Nokho, labo abaguqukela kugwayi onetiyela ne-nicotine encane baqalekela izinga le-nicotine elifanayo njengakuqala. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokuvamile abantu abaguqukela kolunye uhlobo lukagwayi babhema ugwayi omningi, babhema kaningi, noma babheme ugwayi ngamunye uze uphele. Ngisho nakulabo abangabhemi kakhulu, izinzuzo zempilo zincane uma ziqhathaniswa nezinzuzo zokuwuyeka ngokuphelele.

Kuthiwani ngamapipi nezigazu? Nakuba sekuyisikhathi eside imboni kagwayi ikhuthaza amapipi nezigazu njengezinto eziphambili, intuthu eziyikhiphayo ibulala njengentuthu kasikilidi. Noma bekungathiwa ababhemayo abayiphafuzi intuthu yesigazu noma yepipi, basengozini enkulu yokuphathwa umdlavuza wezindebe, womlomo nowolimi.

Ingabe ugwayi ongenantuthu uphephile? Uyizinhlobo ezimbili: isinemfu nogwayi ohlafunwayo. Isinemfu ugwayi oyimpuphu, ngokuvamile othengiswa usemathinini noma ezikhwameni. Ngokuvamile, abawubhemayo bawufaka phakathi kwezinsini nodebe olungezansi noma esihlathini. Ugwayi ohlafunwayo uthengiswa uyimicu emide, ngokuvamile usesikhwameni. Njengoba igama libonisa, uyahlafunwa, awumuncwa. Kokubili isinemfu nogwayi ohlafunwayo kubangela umlomo onukayo, amazinyo anezisihla, umdlavuza womlomo nomphimbo, ukuluthwa yi-nicotine, izilonda ezimhlophe emlonyeni ezingaholela ekuphathweni umdlavuza, ukuhlehla kwezinsini, nokuwohloka kwamathambo azungeze amazinyo. Ngokucacile, ukumunca noma ukuhlafuna ugwayi akungcono kunokuwubhema.

Izinzuzo Zokuwuyeka

Ake sithi ungumuntu osebhemé ugwayi isikhathi eside. Kwenzekani uma uwuyeka? Emizuzwini engu-20 uyeké ukubhema, umfutho wakho wegazi uyehla ubuyele esimweni esivamile. Ngemva kwesonto umzimba wakho uyobe ungasenayo i-nicotine. Ngemva kwenyanga ukukhwehlela, ukucinana kwamakhala, ukukhathala nephika kuyoqala ukudamba. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu ingozi yokuba ubulawe umdlavuza wamaphaphu iyobe seyehle ngamaphesenti angu-50. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-15 ingozi yokuphathwa isifo senhliziyo iyokwehla ilingane neyomuntu ongakaze abheme.

Ukudla kwakho kuyonambitheka kangcono. Umoya osemlonyeni, umzimba nezingubo zakho ziyoba nephunga elihle. Ngeke uphinde ube nenkinga noma ungene ezindlekweni zokuthenga ugwayi. Uyoba nomuzwa wokuthi kukhona okufezile. Uma unezingane, isibonelo sakho siyonciphisa amathuba okuba nazo zibheme. Ngokunokwenzeka uyophila isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyobe wenza ngokuvumelana nentando kaNkulunkulu, njengoba iBhayibheli lithi: “Masizihlanzeni kukho konke ukungcola kwenyama.” (2 Korinte 7:1) Ungabi nomuzwa wokuthi sekwephuze kakhulu ukuba uyeke; uma ushesha ukuwuyeka, kuyoba ngcono.

Okwenza Kube Nzima Ukuwuyeka

Kunzima ukuyeka ukubhema—ngisho nakulabo abazimisele ngempela. Ngokuyinhloko, kungenxa yokuthi i-nicotine etholakala kugwayi iyisidakamizwa esinamandla esiluthayo. I-WHO ithi: “Lapho kuhlelwa ngokulandelana amazinga okulutha kwezidakamizwa ezithinta ingqondo, kwatholakala ukuthi i-nicotine ilutha ngaphezu kwe-heroin [kanye] ne-cocaine.” Ngokungafani ne-heroin kanye ne-cocaine, i-nicotine ayizivezi izimpawu ezibonakalayo zokudakwa, ngakho kulula ukuwathatha kancane amandla ayo. Nokho umuzwa wenjabulo ewubangelayo ugcina abantu abaningi bebhema ukuze bawujabulele ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngempela i-nicotine iyayiguqula indlela ozizwa ngayo; iyakuqeda ukukhathazeka. Nokho, ukucindezeleka okuncishiswa ugwayi ngokwengxenye kubangelwa ukuqalekela i-nicotine.

Futhi kunzima ukuyeka ukubhema ngoba ukubhema kuyisenzo esiwumkhuba. Ngaphandle kokuluthwa yi-nicotine, abantu ababhemayo baba nomkhuba ophindelelayo wokuthungela ugwayi nokuphafuza. Abanye bangase bathi, ‘Kuwukutholela izandla zakho umsebenzi.’ ‘Kuqhuba isikhathi.’

Isici sesithathu esikwenza kube nzima ukuyeka ugwayi siwukuthi uyingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke. Imboni kagwayi ichitha cishe izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-37 zamaRandi unyaka ngamunye emikhankasweni yokukhangisa eyenza abantu ababhemayo babukeke bebahle, bekhuthele, benempilo, futhi behlakaniphile. Ngokuvamile bavezwa begibele ihhashi, bebhukuda, bedlala ithenisi, noma benza okunye okukhangayo. Amabhayisikobho nezinhlelo zethelevishini ziveza abantu bebhema—futhi abangezona izigebengu. Ugwayi uthengiswa ngokomthetho futhi utholakala kalula cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Iningi lethu lihlale liseduze kothile obhemayo. Ngeke uwabalekele la mathonya.

Ngokudabukisayo, alikho iphilisi ongalisebenzisa ukuze uqede ukuqalekela ukubhema njengoba amaphilisi engase aqede ubuhlungu bekhanda. Umuntu kumelwe azimisele ukuze aphumelele kulo msebenzi onzima wokuwuyeka. Njengokunciphisa umzimba, kudingeka ukuzinikela ngokuqinile isikhathi eside. Impumelelo isezandleni zalowo obhemayo.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 5]

Ukulutheka Ngokushesha

Ukucwaninga okwenziwa e-United States kwabonisa ukuthi osemusha oyedwa kwabane owazama ukubhema ekugcineni walutheka. Leli zinga lokulutheka liyefana nelabantu abalinga i-cocaine ne-heroin. Nakuba intsha ebhemayo engamaphesenti angu-70 izisola ngokuthi yaqala ukubhema, imbalwa kakhulu ekwaziyo ukuwuyeka ugwayi.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 5]

Iquketheni Intuthu Kagwayi?

Intuthu kagwayi inetiyela, elinamakhemikhali angaphezu kuka-4 000. Kula makhemikhali, kwaziwa ukuthi angu-43 abangela umdlavuza. Phakathi kwawo kukhona i-cyanide, i-benzene, i-wood alcohol ne-acetylene (isithako esisetshenziswa ezibanini). Futhi intuthu kagwayi ine-nitrogen oxide ne-carbon monoxide, zombili okuyizinhlobo zesisi esinobuthi. Isithako sayo esiyinhloko yi-nicotine, isidakamizwa esinamandla amakhulu okulutha.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 6]

Ukusiza Othandekayo Ukuba Awuyeke

Uma ungabhemi kodwa uzazi izingozi zokubhema, ngokunokwenzeka uzizwa ukhungathekile lapho abangane nabathandekayo bakho beqhubeka nokubhema. Yini ongayenza ukuze ubasize bayeke? Ukubelesela, ukucela, ukuphoqelela nokugcona ngeke kuphumelele. Kungokufanayo nangokufundekela. Kunokuba awuyeke, obhemayo angase abheme ukuze adambise ubuhlungu obungokomzwelo obungase bubangelwe yilawo maqhinga. Ngakho zama ukuqonda ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukuyeka ugwayi nokuthi kwabanye kunzima nakakhulu.

Ngeke umyekise umuntu ukubhema. Isifiso sokuyeka nokuzimisela kumelwe kusuke kumuntu obhemayo. Kumelwe uthole izindlela ezibonisa uthando zokukhuthaza futhi usekele umuntu onesifiso sokuyeka.

Ungakwenza kanjani lokho? Ngesikhathi esifanele, ungase umtshele ukuthi uyamthanda lowo muntu futhi umtshele ukuthi ukhathazekile ngomkhuba wakhe wokubhema. Mchazele ukuthi noma isiphi isinqumo sokuwuyeka asenzayo uzosisekela. Nokho, uma le ndlela isetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngeke iphumelele futhi iyoba engenangqondo.

Yini ongase uyenze uma othandekayo wakho enquma ukuwuyeka? Khumbula ukuthi angase aqaleke, kuhlanganise nokushesha acunuke futhi acindezeleke. Kungase kube nezinkinga zobuhlungu bekhanda nokuqwasha. Mkhumbuze othandekayo wakho ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingezesikhashana futhi zibonisa ukuthi umzimba uzivumelanisa nendlela entsha yokuphila enempilo. Londoloza isimo senjabulo nethemba lokuhle. Mtshele ukuthi kukujabulisa kanjani ukuwuyeka kwakhe. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokulwa nokuqaleka, siza othandekayo wakho ukuba agweme izimo ezicindezelayo ezingaholela ekubeni abuyele kulo mkhuba.

Kuthiwani uma kwenzeka ebuyela? Zama ukubamba intukuthelo. Yiba nozwela. Nobabili bhekani lesi simo njengendlela yokufunda eyonisiza niphumelele lapho nenza omunye umzamo ngesikhathi esilandelayo.

[Isithombe ekhasini 7]

Imboni kagwayi ichitha izigidi zezinkulungwane zamaRandi ezingu-37 unyaka ngamunye ekukhangiseni