UMariya (Unina KaJesu)

Incazelo: Owesifazane owakhethwa ngokwaphezulu nowaboniswa umusa omkhulu, owazala uJesu. Kunabanye oMariya abayisihlanu abaphawulwe eBhayibhelini. Lona wayengumzukulu weNkosi uDavide, wesizwe sakwaJuda, indodakazi kaEli. Lapho siqala ukutshelwa ngaye khona emBhalweni, wayethembisene noJosefa, naye ongowesizwe sakwaJuda nomzukulu kaDavide.

Yini esingayifunda emlandweni weBhayibheli ngoMariya?

(1) Isifundo sokuzimisela ukulalela lokho uNkulunkulu akushoyo ngezithunywa zakhe ngisho noma esikuzwayo okokuqala kungase kusiphazamise noma kubonakale kungenakwenzeka.—Luka 1:26-37.

(2) Isibindi sokwenza ngokuvumelana nalokho umuntu ezwa ukuthi kuyintando kaNkulunkulu, athembele ngokugcwele kuye. (Bheka uLuka 1:38. Njengoba kuboniswe kuDuteronomi 22:23, 24, kwakungaba nemiphumela engathi sína ngentombazane yomJuda engashadile etholakala ikhulelwe.)

(3) Ukuzimisela kukaNkulunkulu ukusebenzisa umuntu kungakhathaliseki isikhundla salowomuntu ekuphileni.—Qhathanisa uLuka 2:22-24 noLevitikusi 12:1-8.

(4) Ukuphakamisa izithakazelo ezingokomoya. (Bheka uLuka 2:41; IzEnzo 1:14. Kwakungeyona imfuneko ukuba abafazi abangamaJuda bahambe nabayeni babo ohambweni olude lokuya eJerusalema ngesikhathi sePhasika unyaka ngamunye, kodwa uMariya wenza kanjalo.)

(5) Ukwazisa ubumsulwa bokuziphatha.—Luka 1:34.

(6) Inkuthalo ekufundiseni izingane zakho iZwi likaNkulunkulu. (Lokhu kwabonakala kulokho uJesu ayekwenza eneminyaka eyi-12. Bheka uLuka 2:42, 46-49.)

Ingabe uMariya wayeyincasakazi ngempela lapho ezala uJesu?

ULuka 1:26-31 ubika ukuthi ‘kwakuyincasakazi’ egama layo linguMariya leyo ingelosi uGabriyeli eyayisa kuyo izindaba ezinhle: “Uzakukhulelwa, uzale indodana, uyiqambe igama lokuthi uJesu.” Kulokhu, ivesi lama-34 lithi, “UMariya wathi engelosini: Lokhu kuyakwenzeka kanjani, njengokuba ngingayazi-ndoda [“ngiyincasakazi,” JB; “angilali-nandoda,” NW] na?” UMathewu 1:22-25 uyanezela: “Lokhu konke kwenzeka ukuba kugcwaliseke okwakhulunywa yiNkosi ngomprofethi ukuthi: Bheka intombi iyakukhulelwa, izale indodana; bayakuyiqamba igama lokuthi uEmanuweli okungukuthi ngokuhunyushwa uNkulunkulu unathi. UJosefa esevukile ebuthongweni wenza njengalokho imyalile ingelosi yeNkosi, wamthatha umkakhe; akaze aya kuye, waze wazibula ngendodana; wayiqamba igama lokuthi uJesu.”

Ingabe lokhu kunengqondo? Ngokuqinisekile kwakungekhona okungenakwenzeka ngoMdali, owenza izitho zokuzala zomuntu, ukuba abangele ukulumbana kwengqamuzana yeqanda esizalweni sikaMariya ngamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. Ngokuyisimangaliso, uJehova wadlulisela amandla okuphila nesimo sobuntu seNdodana yakhe yasezulwini eyizibulo esizalweni sikaMariya. Amandla kaNkulunkulu ayisiphekupheku, umoya wakhe ongcwele, anakekela ukukhula komntwana esizalweni sikaMariya ukuze lokho okuzalwayo kube ngumuntu ophelele.—Luka 1:35; Joh. 17:5.

Ingabe uMariya waba yincasakazi njalo?

Math. 13:53-56: “Kwathi uJesu eseqedile leyomifanekiso, wamuka lapho. Esefikile emzini wakubo wabafundisa esinagogeni labo, baze bamangala, bathi: Lo ukuthathaphi lokhukuhlakanipha nalawamandla na? Lo akasiyo indodana yombazi na? Unina kathiwa uMariya, nabafowabo [ngesiGreki, a·del·phoiʹ] asithi oJakobe, noJosefa, noSimoni, noJuda, na? Nawodadewabo [ngesiGreki, a·del·phaiʹ], abakho yini bonke lapha kithi na?” (Ngokucabangela lombhalo, ubungaphetha ngokuthi uJesu wayewukuphela kwengane kaMariya noma wayenawo amanye amadodana namadodakazi?)

INew Catholic Encyclopedia (1967, Umq. IX, k. 337) iyavuma ngokuqondene namagama esiGreki elithi a·del·phoiʹ nelithi a·del·phaiʹ, asetshenziswe kuMathewu 13:55, 56, ukuthi lamagama “asho umfowenu nodadewenu wegazi ngokuphelele kubantu abakhuluma isiGreki besikhathi soMvangeli futhi umfundi wesiGreki wayeyowezwa ngalowomqondo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-4 (c. 380) uHelvidius encwadini eseyalahleka waligcizelela leliphuzu ukuze abonise ukuthi uMariya wayenabanye abantwana ngaphandle kukaJesu ngalokho emenza isibonelo somama abanemikhaya emikhulu. USt. Jerome, eshukunyiswa ukholo lwesiko lweSonto lokuba yincasakazi njalo kukaMariya, wabhala ipheshana elaliphikisa uHelvidius (A.D. 383) lapho aveza khona incazelo . . . eyathandeka phakathi kwezazi ezingamaKatolika.”

Marku 3:31-35: “Kwase kufika unina nabafowabo, bema ngaphandle, bathumela kuye bembiza. Isixuku sabantu sasimphahlile; bathi kuye: Bheka, unyoko nabafowenu nawodadewenu bangaphandle bekufuna. Wabaphendula wathi: Ngubani umame nabafowethu na? Waqalaza ebuka ababehlezi bemphahlile, wathi: Bhekani, nangu umame nabafowethu. Ngokuba owenza intando kaNkulunkulu nguye ongumfowethu nodadewethu nomame.” (Lapha kukhona umehluko osobala phakathi kwabafowabo bakaJesu bemvelo nabafowabo abangokomoya, abafundi bakhe. Akekho ongathi ukubhekisela kunina kaJesu kusho into ehlukile kulokho okukushoyo. Khona-ke, ingabe kuyavumelana ukucabanga ukuthi abafowabo bemvelo babengebona abafowabo kodwa mhlawumbe babengabazala? Uma okuqondiwe kungebona abafowabo kodwa kuyizihlobo, igama lesiGreki elihlukile [elithi syg·ge·nonʹ] liyasetshenziswa, njengakuLuka 21:16.)

Ingabe uMariya wayengunina kaNkulunkulu?

Ingelosi eyamazisa ngokubeletha okuyisimangaliso okwakuza ayizange ithi kuye indodana yakhe yayizoba uNkulunkulu. Yathi: “Uzakukhulelwa, uzale indodana, uyiqambe igama lokuthi uJesu. Yena uyakuba-mkhulu, athiwe iNdodana yoPhezukonke; . . . okungcwele okuzozalwa kuzakuthiwa iNdodana kaNkulunkulu.”—Luka 1:31-35; omalukeke banezelwe.

Heb. 2:14, 17: “Njengokuba abantwana bahlanganyela igazi nenyama, naye uqobo [uJesu] wahlanganyela khona lokho . . . Kwamfanela ukuba abe njengabafowabo kukho konke.” (Kodwa ingabe wayeyoba “njengabafowabo kukho konke” uma ayengumuntu-Nkulunkulu?)

INew Catholic Encyclopedia ithi: “UMariya ngempela ungunina kaNkulunkulu uma kugcwaliseka imibandela emibili: ukuthi ngempela ungunina kaJesu nokuthi uJesu ngempela unguNkulunkulu.” (1967, Umq. X, k. 21) IBhayibheli lithi uMariya wayengunina kaJesu, kodwa ingabe uJesu wayenguNkulunkulu? Ekhulwini lesine, esikhathini eside ngemva kokuba ukubhalwa kweBhayibheli kuphelile, iSonto lenza inkulumo yalo kaZiqu-zintathu. (New Catholic Encyclopedia, 1967, Umq. XIV, k. 295; bheka ikhasi 416, ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi “UZiqu-zintathu.”) Ngalesosikhathi eSivumelwaneni saseNicene iSonto lakhuluma ngoJesu Kristu ngokuthi “uqobo lukaNkulunkulu.” Ngemva kwalokho, eMkhandlwini wase-Efesu ngo-431 C.E., uMariya wamenyezelwa yiSonto ngokuthi unguThe·o·toʹkos, okusho ukuthi “umphathi kaNkulunkulu” noma “uNina kaNkulunkulu.” Nokho, leyonkulumo noma lowomqondo awutholakali embhalweni wanoma iyiphi inguqulo yeBhayibheli. (Bheka amakhasi 251-255, ngaphansi kwesithi “UJesu Kristu.”)

Ingabe uMariya wayengenasici ngokwakhe esesesizalweni sikanina, ekhululekile esonweni sokuqala?

INew Catholic Encyclopedia (1967, Umq. VII, kk. 378-381) iyavuma ngokuqondene nokudabuka kwalenkolelo: “ . . . Ukukhulelwa Okungenasici akufundiswa kwanhlobo emBhalweni . . . OBaba bokuqala beSonto babebheka uMariya njengongcwele kodwa hhayi njengongenasono ngokuphelele. . . . Akunakwenzeka ukunikeza usuku oluqondile lapho lenkolelo yaphakanyiswa khona njengendaba yokholo, kodwa ngekhulu lesi-8 noma lesi-9 ibonakala njengeyamukelwa ngabaningi. . . . [Ngo-1854 uPapa Pius IX wachaza lemfundiso] ‘yokuthi iNcasakazi uMariya oCwebileyo wavikelwa kuzo zonke izisihla zesono sokuqala esikhathini sokuqala sokuMkhulelwa kukanina.’” Lenkolelo yaqinisekiswa yiVatican II (1962-1965).—The Documents of Vatican II (New York, 1966), eyahlelwa nguW. M. Abbott, S.J., k. 88.

IBhayibheli ngokwalo lithi: “Ngakho-ke njengalokho isono sangena ezweni ngamuntu munye [uAdamu], nangesono kwangena ukufa, ngokunjalo ukufa kwafikela abantu bonke, lokhu bonke bonile.” (Roma 5:12; omalukeke banezelwe.) Ingabe lokho kuhlanganisa noMariya? IBhayibheli libika ukuthi ngokuvumelana nemfuneko yoMthetho kaMose, ezinsukwini ezingama-40 ngemva kokuzalwa kukaJesu uMariya wanikela umnikelo wesono ethempelini eJerusalema ukuze ahlambuluke ekungcoleni. Naye ngokufanayo, wayezuze ngefa isono nokungapheleli kuAdamu.—Luka 2:22-24; Lev. 12:1-8.

Ingabe uMariya wenyukela ezulwini ngomzimba wakhe wenyama?

Ekukhulumeleni isimemezelo esenziwa uPapa Pius XII ngo-1950 esenza lemfundiso yaba yingxenye engokomthetho yokholo lwamaKatolika, iNew Catholic Encyclopedia (1967, Umq. I, k. 972) ithi: “Akukho kubhekisela okukhanyayo kulokhu kweNyuka eBhayibhelini, kodwa uPapa uphikelela esimemezelweni sokuthi imiBhalo iyisisekelo sokugcina saleliqiniso.”

IBhayibheli ngokwalo lithi: “Inyama nagazi akunakulidla ifa elingumbuso kaNkulunkulu; nokubola akulidli ifa elingukungaboli.” (1 Kor. 15:50) UJesu wathi “uNkulunkulu unguMoya.” Ekuvukeni kukaJesu kwabafileyo waba ngumoya futhi, manje waba “ngumoya ophilisayo.” Izingelosi ziyimimoya. (Joh. 4:24; 1 Kor. 15:45; Heb. 1:13, 14) Sikuphi-ke isisekelo esingokomBhalo sokuthi noma ubani uyozuza ukuphila kwasezulwini esemzimbeni odinga izinto ezisemhlabeni ukuba uphile? (Bheka amakhasi 409-411, ngaphansi kwesithi “Uvuko.”)

Ingabe kufanelekile ukuqondisa imithandazo kuMariya njengomkhulumeli?

UJesu Kristu wathi: “Anokhuleka kanje, nithi: Baba wethu osezulwini . . . ” Wathi futhi: “Mina ngi indhlela, neqiniso, nokupila, akuko umuntu o za kuBaba, uma e ngezi ngami. Uma ni cela uto ngegama lami, ngo lwenza.”—Math. 6:9; Joh. 14:6, 14, Esd; omalukeke banezelwe.

Ingabe imithandazo eya kuBaba ngoJesu Kristu iyokwamukelwa ngokuqondakalayo nangozwela ebingamukelwa ngalo uma iqondiswa ngothile oye wahlanganyela okuhlangenwe nakho kwabesifazane? Ngokuqondene noBaba, iBhayibheli liyasitshela: “Njengoyise ehawukela abantwana bakhe, kanjalo uJehova uyabahawukela abamesabayo. Ngokuba uyakwazi ukubunjwa kwethu; uyakhumbula ukuthi siluthuli.” “UnguNkulunkulu ogcwele isihe, onomusa, ophuza ukuthukuthela, novamé ubumnene neqiniso.” (IHu. 103:13, 14; Eks. 34:6) Futhi kulotshiwe ngoKristu: “Asinaye umPristi omkhulu ongenakuzwelana nobuthakathaka bethu, kepha, olingiwe kukho konke njengathi, engenasono. Ngakho-ke masisondele ngesibindi esihlalweni somusa ukuba samukeliswe isihawu, sifumane umusa wokusiza ngesikhathi esifaneleyo.”—Heb. 4:15, 16.

Ingabe ukudunyiswa kwezithombe zikaMariya kuyavumelana nobuKristu beBhayibheli?

Lomkhuba wakhuthazwa ngokuqondile yiVatican II (1962-1965). “LesiGungu esingcwele . . . siyala bonke abantwana beSonto ukuthi indlela yokuzinikela, ikakhulukazi yemithetho yokusontisa, yeNcasakazi eCwebileyo, ikhuthazwe kakhulu. Siyala ukuba izenzo zokuzinikela kuye zenziwe igugu njengoba kuye kwatusa igunya elifundisayo leSonto phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, nokuthi lezo zimemezelo ezakhishwa ezikhathini zangaphambili ngokuqondene nokudunyiswa kwezithombe zikaKristu, iNcasakazi eCwebileyo, nawosanta, zilandelwe ngokwenkolo.”—The Documents of Vatican II, kk. 94, 95.

Mayelana nezimpendulo zeBhayibheli, bheka esithi “Izithombe,” amakhasi 191-195.

Ingabe uMariya wayedunyiswa ngokukhethekile ebandleni lobuKristu lekhulu lokuqala?

Umphostoli uPetru akakhulumi nakancane ngaye emibhalweni yakhe ephefumlelwe. Umphostoli uPawulu akazange alisebenzise igama lakhe ezincwadini zakhe eziphefumlelwe kodwa wakhuluma ngaye kuphela ngokuthi “ngowesifazane.”—Gal. 4:4.

Isiphi isibonelo uJesu ngokwakhe asibeka lapho ebhekisela kunina?

Joh. 2:3, 4: “Kwathi ukuba lisweleke iwayini [edilini lomshado eKhana], unina kaJesu wathi kuye: Kabanalo iwayini. UJesu wathi kuye: Mame, ungené ngani kokwami [“kungani uphendukela kimi,” JB; “kusho ukuthini lokho kimi nakuwe,” Dy] na? Isikhathi sami asikafiki.” (Ngesikhathi uJesu esengumntwana wazithoba kunina nakusingayise. Kodwa manje njengoba ayesekhulile wayekwenqaba ngomusa kodwa ngokuqinile ukuqondisa kukaMariya. Wayekwamukela ngokuthobeka ukuboniswa.)

Luka 11:27, 28: “Kwathi esakhuluma [uJesu] lokhu, owesifazane othile esixukwini waphakamisa izwi wathi kuye: Sibusisiwe isisu esakuthwalayo namabele owawancelayo. Kepha yena wathi: Yebo, kodwa kakhulu babusisiwe abalizwa izwi likaNkulunkulu, balilondoloze.” (Leli ngokuqinisekile kwakungaba yithuba elihle ngoJesu lokuba adumise unina ngokukhethekile ukuba lokho kwakufanelekile. Akazange akwenze.)

Uyini umsuka ongokomlando wokudumisa uMariya?

Umpristi ongumKatolika uAndrew Greeley uthi: “UMariya ungomunye wemifanekiso yenkolo enamandla kakhulu emlandweni waseNtshonalanga . . . Umfanekiso kaMariya uhlanganisa ubuKristu ngokuqondile nezinkolo zasendulo zonkulunkulukazi abangomama.”—The Making of the Popes 1978 (U.S.A., 1979), k. 227.

Okuthakazelisayo indawo lapho kwaqinisekiswa khona imfundiso yokuthi uMariya unguNina kaNkulunkulu. “UMkhandlu wase-Efesu wahlangana eSontweni lamaRoma laseTheotokos ngo-431. Lapho, edolobheni elidume kangaka ngokuzinikela kwalo kuArtemis, noma uDiyana njengoba amaRoma ayembiza kanjalo, lapho isithombe sakhe kwakuthiwa sehla ezulwini, ngaphansi kwesithunzi sethempeli elikhulu elanikezelwa kuMagna Mater kusukela ngo-330 B.C. futhi ngokwemfundiso yesiko, elinendawo yesikhashana kaMariya yokuhlala, isiqu esithi ‘ophethe uNkulunkulu’ kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba singasekelwa.”—The Cult of the Mother-Goddess (New York, 1959), E. O. James, k. 207.

Uma Umuntu Ethi—

‘Uyakholelwa eNcasakazini uMariya?’

Ungase uphendule: ‘ImiBhalo eNgcwele isho ngokusobala ukuthi unina kaJesu Kristu wayeyincasakazi, futhi siyakukholelwa lokho. UNkulunkulu wayenguYise. Umntwana owazalwa wayeyiNdodana kaNkulunkulu ngempela, njengoba nje ingelosi yatshela uMariya. (Luka 1:35)’ Khona-ke mhlawumbe unganezela: ‘Kodwa wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani kwakubalulekile ukuba uJesu azalwe ngaleyondlela? . . . Kungaleyondlela kuphela isihlengo esifanelekile esasingalungiselelwa ngayo ukuze senze kube nokwenzeka ngathi ukukhululwa esonweni nokufa.—1 Thim. 2:5, 6; bese mhlawumbe kuba uJohane 3:16.’

Noma ungase uthi: ‘Yebo siyakholelwa. Sikholelwa yikho konke okushiwo imiBhalo eNgcwele ngaye, futhi ngokuqinisekile ithi wayeyincasakazi eyazala uJesu. Futhi ngithola nezinye izinto esitshela zona ngoMariya zivusa amadlingozi ngokufanayo nezifundo esizifunda kuye. (Sebenzisa ukwaziswa okusemakhasini 349, 350.)’

‘Anikholelwa eNcasakazini uMariya’

Ungase uphendule: ‘Ngiyaqaphela ukuthi kunabantu abangakholelwa ukuthi kwakuyincasakazi eyazala iNdodana kaNkulunkulu. Kodwa siyakukholelwa lokho. (Vula enye yezincwadi zethu engxenyeni exoxa ngalendaba ubonise umninikhaya.)’ Khona-ke mhlawumbe unganezela: ‘Kodwa ingabe kukhona okunye okwengeziwe okudingekayo ukuze sithole insindiso? . . . Phawula okwashiwo uJesu emthandazweni wakhe kuYise. (Joh. 17:3)’